Income of individuals by age group, sex and income source, Canada, provinces and selected census metropolitan areas, annual.

Saudi Arabia Average Monthly Income: Family data was reported at 11,983.640 SAR in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 10,723.000 SAR for 2013. Saudi Arabia Average Monthly Income: Family data is updated yearly, averaging 11,537.820 SAR from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2018, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,026.000 SAR in 2012 and a record low of 10,723.000 SAR in 2013. Saudi Arabia Average Monthly Income: Family data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Authority for Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.H003: Average Monthly Income.

Graph and download economic data for Median Household Income in the United States (MEHOINUSA646N) from 1984 to 2023 about households, median, income, and USA.

Families of tax filers; Single-earner and dual-earner census families by number of children (final T1 Family File; T1FF).

Wages in Russia increased to 97645 RUB/Month in March from 89646 RUB/Month in February of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Russia Average Monthly Wages - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to characterize household sociodemographic and economic patterns of different living arrangements of families with older adults in Brazil and their relationship with income and out-of-pocket health expenditure. Data were extracted from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF, in Portuguese) database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Families with older adults represented 28% of all families, being smaller and having higher average income when compared to families without older adults. Older adults were head of the household in 85% of the families, with income based mainly on social protection policies. The families with older adult or couple as head of the household had significantly higher average monthly income. The proportion of out-of-pocket health expenditure per income quintile per capita was higher for families with one older adult or couple as head of the household, when compared to families without older adult as head of the household and even more in families without older adults at all. These findings allow the identification of potential positive impacts on the quality of life of families with older adults in Brazil. The higher household income of families with older adults is a consequence of the expansion of inclusive social protection policies for this population in the 2000s in Brazil, especially for families with lower average income levels, representing 4/5 of this population. The economic and political crisis in the 2010s have probably reduced these families’ relative advantage, and this study will compare with results of the next survey.

Low income cut-offs (LICOs) before and after tax by community size and family size, in current dollars, annual.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.Next Steps (also known as the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE1)) is a major longitudinal cohort study following a nationally representative group of around 16,000 who were in Year 9 attending state and independent schools in England in 2004, a cohort born in 1989-90.The first seven sweeps of the study were conducted annually (2004-2010) when the study was funded and managed by the Department for Education (DfE). The study mainly focused on the educational and early labour market experiences of young people.In 2015 Next Steps was restarted, under the management of the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) at the UCL Faculty of Education and Society (IOE) and funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The Next Steps Age 25 survey was aimed at increasing the understanding of the lives of young adults growing up today and the transitions out of education and into early adult life.The Next Steps Age 32 Survey took place between April 2022 and September 2023 and is the ninth sweep of the study. The Age 32 Survey aimed to provide data for research and policy on the lives of this generation of adults in their early 30s. This sweep also collected information on many wider aspects of cohort members' lives including health and wellbeing, politics and social participation, identity and attitudes as well as capturing personality, resilience, working memory and financial literacy. Next Steps survey data is also linked to the National Pupil Database (NPD), the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), the Individualised Learner Records (ILR) and the Student Loans Company (SLC). There are now two separate studies that began under the LSYPE programme. The second study, Our Future (LSYPE2) (available at the UK Data Service under GN 2000110), began in 2013 and will track a sample of over 13,000 young people annually from ages 13/14 through to age 20.Further information about Next Steps may be found on the CLS website.Secure Access datasets:Secure Access versions of Next Steps have more restrictive access conditions than Safeguarded versions available under the standard End User Licence (see 'Access' section).Secure Access versions of the Next Steps include:sensitive variables from the questionnaire data for Sweeps 1-9. These are available under Secure Access SN 8656. National Pupil Database (NPD) linked data at Key Stages 2, 3, 4 and 5, England. These are available under SN 7104.Linked Individualised Learner Records learner and learning aims datasets for academic years 2005 to 2014, England. These are available under SN 8577.detailed geographic indicators for Sweep 1 and Sweep 8 (2001 Census Boundaries) - available under SN 8189 and geographic indicators for Sweep 8 (2011 Census Boundaries) - available under SN 8190. The Sweep 1 geography file was previously held under SN 7104.Linked Health Administrative Datasets (Hospital Episode Statistics) for years 1998-2017 held under SN 8681.Linked Student Loans Company Records for years 2007-2021 held under SN 8848.When researchers are approved/accredited to access a Secure Access version of Next Steps, the Safeguarded (EUL) version of the study - Next Steps: Sweeps 1-9, 2004-2023 (SN 5545) - will be automatically provided alongside. SN 5545 - Next Steps: Sweeps 1-9, 2004-2023 includes the main Next Steps survey data from Sweep 1 (age 14) to Sweep 9 (age 32).Latest edition informationFor the seventeenth edition (September 2024), data and documentation for Sweep 9 (Age 32) have been added to the study. Main Topics: The content of the Next Steps Sweep 9 (Age 32 Survey) covers the following topics: Household relationship - Module includes information on: current relationship, previous cohabiting relationships, children (previously reported and new to household), childcare, non-resident children, non-resident parents, other household members (previously reported and new to the household).Housing - Module includes information on: current and previous housing, homelessness.Activities and employment - Module includes information on: activity history, current activity, current employment, employment at age 25, employment details for first job after full-time education, second job, prospective employment, employment support, work attitudes, and partner employment.Finance - Module includes information on: current pay/salary main job, pay/salary from second job, debt, income from other sources, partner's salary, benefits, other income, household income, pensions, savings and investments, subjective disposable income and attitudes to debt/saving/pension and future planning.Educational qualifications - Module includes information on: current education, educational qualifications, fees paid while in education, partner educationHealth - Module includes information on: general health, height and weight, illness/disability, exercise, sleep, diet, Covid-19.Identity, attitudes, and social and political participation - Module includes information on: attitudes, ethnic group, leisure, national identity, partner ethnicity, politics, social networks and social support, trust.Self Completion - Module includes information on: age at menarche, cognitive assessment, crime, difficult events, domestic violence, drinking, drugs, financial circumstances, financial literacy, gender identity and sexual orientation, health, loneliness, mental health, migration, personality, pregnancy history, relationship quality, school, sexual behaviour, smoking and well-being. The content of the Next Steps Sweep 8 (Age 25 Survey) covers the following topics: Household relationships: This module included information on current relationship, previous cohabiting relationships (dating back to September 2006), children, childcare, non-resident children, non-resident parents, and other household members.Housing: This module covered current and previous housing (summary data is collected about the different addresses the study members have lived in since they were 16, if other than the parents' home).Employment: Included information about current activity, current employment, second job, prospective employment (for unemployed), activity history, employment details for first job after September 2006 (aged 16), employment support, work attitudes, and partner employment. Data on current economic activities and activity history was obtained back to the time of the last interview and no earlier than September 2006.Finance: This module captured current pay/salary main job, pay from second job, income from other jobs, partner's income, benefits, income from other sources, household income, pensions, and debt. Education and job training: The module included job training, education since previous interview/September 2006, current education, fees, and partner's education.Health and wellbeing: Included information on general health, height and weight, exercise, sleep, diet, accidents and injuries. Identity and participation: This module provided information on young people's ethnicity and religion, measures of trust, risk, patience, meritocratic beliefs, adult identity, leisure, politics, social networks and social media participation.Self-completion module: The self-completion module included data on gender identity, locus of control, overall life satisfaction, mental health, self-harm, crime and harassment, drinking and smoking behaviour, drugs, bullying, sexual behaviour, and pregnancy history. A key component of the Age 25 Survey sweep is data linkage to administrative records held about individuals by government departments. At Sweeps 1-4 information was gathered on: the young person's family background;parental socio-economic status;personal characteristics;attitudes, experiences and behaviours;attainment in education;parental employment;income and family environment as well as local deprivation;the school(s) the young person attends/has attended;the young person's post-16 plans. The questionnaires at Sweeps 5-7 consisted of two modules: Household Information Module: included questions on the young person's household situation details of any persons living with themYoung Person Module: topics included demographics, attitudes to local area, activity history and current activity, jobs and training, qualifications being studied, higher education, attitudes to work and debt, childcare and caring responsibilities, young people Not in Education Employment or Training (NEET), Apprenticeships, information, advice and guidance, risk behaviours, relationships and sexuality, and own children. The additional 'Monthly Main Activity' dataset takes responses to the Activity History section of the questionnaire at Sweeps 4-7 and synthesises this information into variables that represent a monthly time series running from September 2006 (two months after the respondents completed compulsory education) until May 2010 (the first month of interviews for Sweep 7). For each of the 45 months in this period, this file contains the respondent's derived 'main' activity which is classified as one of Education, Employment, Apprenticeship/Training or Unemployed/Inactive (NEET). Multi-stage stratified random sample Telephone interview Self-administered questionnaire: Computer-assisted (CASI) Face-to-face interview

Graph and download economic data for Personal Saving Rate (PSAVERT) from Jan 1959 to Jun 2025 about savings, personal, rate, and USA.

Individuals; Tax filers and dependants by total income, sex and age groups (final T1 Family File; T1FF).

Average and median market, total and after-tax income of individuals by visible minority group, Indigenous group and immigration status, Canada and provinces.

This deposit contains three do files which were constructed as part of the project “Intergenerational income mobility: Gender, Partnerships and Poverty in the UK”, UKRI grant number ES/P007899/1. The aim of the do files is to convert partnership, fertility, and labour market activity information provided with the age 46 wave of the British Cohort Study (BCS70) into monthly panel format. There are separate do files to do this for each of the three aspects.This important new work looks to fill an 'evidence deficit' within the literature on intergenerational economic mobility by investigating intergenerational income mobility for two groups who are often overlooked in existing research: women and the poorest in society. To do this, the research will make two methodological advancements to previous work: First, moving to focus on the family unit in the second generation and total family resources rather than individual labour market earnings and second, looking across adulthood to observe partnership, fertility and poverty dynamics rather than a point-in-time static view of these important factors. Specifically it will ask four research questions: 1) What is the relationship between family incomes of parents in childhood and family incomes of daughters throughout adulthood? The majority of previous studies of intergenerational income mobility have focused on the relationship between parents' income in childhood and sons' prime-age labour market earnings. Women have therefore been consistently disregarded due to difficulties observing prime-age labour market earnings for women. This is because women often exit the labour market for fertility reasons, and the timing of this exit and the duration of the spell out of the labour market are related to both parental childhood income and current labour market earnings. This means that previous studies that have focused on employed women only are not representative of the entire population of women. By combining our two advancements, considering total family income and looking across adulthood for women, we can minimise these issues. The life course approach enables us to observe average resources across a long window of time, dealing with issues of temporary labour market withdrawal, while the use of total family income gives the most complete picture of resources available to the family unit including partner's earnings and income from other sources, including benefits. 2) What role do partnerships and assortative mating play in this process across the life course? The shift to focusing on the whole family unit emphasises the importance of partnerships including when they occur and breakdown and who people partner with in terms of education and current labour market earnings. Previous research on intergenerational income mobility in the UK has suggested an important role for who people partner with but has been limited to only focusing on those in partnerships. This work will advance our understanding of partnership dynamics by looking across adulthood at both those in partnerships and at the importance of family breakdown and lone parenthood in this relationship. 3) What is the extent of intergenerational poverty in the UK, and does this persist through adulthood? The previous focus on individuals' labour market earnings has often neglected to consider intergenerational income mobility for the poorest in society: those without labour market earnings for lengthy periods of time who rely on other income from transfers and benefits. The shift in focus to total family resources and the life course approach will allow us to assess whether those who grew up in poor households are more likely to experience persistent poverty themselves in adulthood. 4) What is the role of early skills, education and labour market experiences, including job tenure and progression, in driving these newly estimated relationships? Finally our proposed work will consider the potential mechanisms for these new estimates of intergenerational income mobility for women and the poorest in society for the first time and expand our understanding of potential mechanisms for men. While our previous work showed the importance of early skills and education in transmitting inequality across generations for males, this new work will also consider the role of labour market experiences including job tenure and promotions as part of the process. The BCS70 study covers all children in England, Scotland and Wales born in one week in 1970. The archived materials are do files that alter the format of existing BCS70 datasets to create derived datasets. Original data can be accessed via Related Resources.

Egypt Average Household Income: Value data was reported at 81,466.600 EGP in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 69,059.600 EGP for 2020. Egypt Average Household Income: Value data is updated yearly, averaging 37,342.750 EGP from Jun 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 81,466.600 EGP in 2022 and a record low of 13,457.900 EGP in 2005. Egypt Average Household Income: Value data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.H012: Average Household Income.

Management summary

Decent Wage Bangladesh phase 1

The aims of the project Decent Wage Bangladesh phase 1 aimed to gain insight in actual wages, the cost of living and the collective labour agreements in four low-paid sectors in three regions of Bangladesh, in order to strengthen the power of trade unions. The project received funding from Mondiaal FNV in the Netherlands and seeks to contribute to the to the knowledge and research pathway of Mondiaal’s theory of change related to social dialogue. Between August and November 2020 five studies have been undertaken. In a face-to-face survey on wages and work 1,894 workers have been interviewed. In a survey on the cost-of-living 19,252 prices have been observed. The content of 27 collective agreements have been analysed. Fifth, desk research regarding the four sectors was undertaken. The project was coordinated by WageIndicator Foundation, an NGO operating websites with information about work and wages in 140 countries, a wide network of correspondents and a track record in collecting and analysing data regarding wage patters, cost of living, minimum wages and collective agreements. For this project WageIndicator collaborated with its partner Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) in Dhaka, with a track record in conducting surveys in the country and with whom a long-lasting relationship exists. Relevant information was posted on the WageIndicator Bangladesh website and visual graphics and photos on the project webpage. The results of the Cost-of-Living survey can be seen here.

Ready Made Garment (RMG), Leather and footwear, Construction and Tea gardens and estates are the key sectors in the report. In the Wages and Work Survey interviews have been held with 724 RMG workers in 65 factories, 337 leather and footwear workers in 34 factories, 432 construction workers in several construction sites and 401 workers in 5 tea gardens and 15 tea estates. The Wages and Work Survey 2020 was conducted in the Chattagram, Dhaka and Sylhet Divisions.

Earnings have been measured in great detail. Monthly median wages for a standard working week are BDT 3,092 in tea gardens and estates, BDT 9,857 in Ready made garment, Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) 10,800 in leather and footwear and BDT 11,547 in construction. The females’ median wage is 77% lower than that of the males, reflecting the gender pay gap noticed around the world. The main reason is not that women and men are paid differently for the same work, but that men and women work in gender-segregated parts of the labour market. Women are dominating the low-paid work in the tea gardens and estates. Workers aged 40 and over are substantially lower paid than younger workers, and this can partly be ascribed to the presence of older women in the tea gardens and estates. Workers hired via an intermediary have higher median wages than workers with a permanent contract or without a contract. Seven in ten workers report that they receive an annual bonus. Almost three in ten workers report that they participate in a pension fund and this is remarkably high in the tea estates, thereby partly compensating the low wages in the sector. Participation in an unemployment fund, a disability fund or medical insurance is hardly observed, but entitlement to paid sick leave and access to medical facilites is frequently mentioned. Female workers participate more than males in all funds and facilities. Compared to workers in the other three sectors, workers in tea gardens and estates participate more in all funds apart from paid sick leave. Social security is almost absent in the construction sector. Does the employer provide non-monetary provisions such as food, housing, clothing, or transport? Food is reported by almost two in ten workers, housing is also reported by more than three in ten workers, clothing by hardly any worker and transport by just over one in ten workers. Food and housing are substantially more often reported in the tea gardens and estates than in the other sectors. A third of the workers reports that overtime hours are paid as normal hours plus a premium, a third reports that overtime hours are paid as normal hours and another third reports that these extra hours are not paid. The latter is particularly the case in construction, although construction workers work long contractual hours they hardly have “overtime hours”, making not paying overtime hours not a major problem.

Living Wage calculations aim to indicate a wage level that allows families to lead decent lives. It represents an estimate of the monthly expenses necessary to cover the cost of food, housing, transportation, health, education, water, phone and clothing. The prices of 61 food items, housing and transportation have been collected by means of a Cost-of-Living Survey, resulting in 19,252 prices. In Chattagram the living wage for a typical family is BDT 13,000 for a full-time working adult. In Dhaka the living wage for a typical family is BDT 14,400 for a full-time working adult. In both regions the wages of the lowest paid quarter of the semi-skilled workers are only sufficient for the living wage level of a single adult, the wages of the middle paid quarter are sufficient for a single adult and a standard 2+2 family, and the wages in the highest paid quarter are sufficient for a single adult, a standard 2+2 family, and a typical family. In Sylhet the living wage for a typical family is BDT 16,800 for a full-time working adult. In Sylhet the wages of the semi-skilled workers are not sufficient for the living wage level of a single adult, let alone for a standard 2+2 family or a typical family. However, the reader should take into account that these earnings are primarily based on the wages in the tea gardens and estates, where employers provide non-monetary provisions such as housing and food. Nevertheless, the wages in Sylhet are not sufficient for a living wage.

Employment contracts. Whereas almost all workers in construction have no contract, in the leather industry workers have predominantly a permanent contract, specifically in Chattagram. In RMG the workers in Chattagram mostly have a permanent contract, whereas in Dhaka this is only the case for four in ten workers. RMG workers in Dhaka are in majority hired through a labour intermediary. Workers in the tea gardens and estates in Chattagram in majority have no contract, whereas in Sylhet they have in majority a permanent contract. On average the workers have eleven years of work experience. Almost half of the employees say they have been promoted in their current workplace.

COVID-19 Absenteeism from work was very high in the first months of the pandemic, when the government ordered a general lock down (closure) for all industries. Almost all workers in construction, RMG and leather reported that they were absent from work from late March to late May 2020. Female workers were far less absent than male workers, and this is primarily due to the fact that the tea gardens and estates with their highly female workforce did not close. From 77% in March-May absenteeism tremendously dropped till 5% in June-September. By September the number of absent days had dropped to almost zero in all sectors. Absenteeism was predominantly due to workplace closures, but in some cases due to the unavailability of transport. More than eight all absent workers faced a wage reduction. Wage reduction has been applied equally across the various groups of workers. The workers who faced reduced earnings reported borrowing from family or friends (66% of those who faced wage reduction), receiving food distribution of the government (23%), borrowing from a micro lenders (MFI) (20%), borrowing from other small lenders (14%), receiving rations from the employer (9%) or receiving cash assistance from the government or from non-governmental institutions (both 4%). Male workers have borrowed from family or friends more often than female workers, and so did workers aged 40-49 and couples with more than two children.

COVID-19 Hygiene at the workplace After return to work workers have assessed hygiene at the workplace and the supply of hygiene facilities. Workers are most positive about the safe distance or space in dining seating areas (56% assesses this as a low risk), followed by the independent use of all work equipment, as opposed to shared (46%). They were least positive about a safe distance between work stations and number of washrooms/toilets, and more than two in ten workers assess the number of washrooms/toilets even as a high risk. Handwashing facilities are by a large majority of the workers assessed as adequate with a low risk. In contrast, gloves were certainly not adequately supplied, as more than seven in ten workers state that these are not adequately supplied. This may be due to the fact that use of gloves could affect workers’ productivity, depending on the occupations.

Current life situation and ways of life. Social relations and courses of life. Topics: 1. Children: number of siblings; sex of siblings; growing up with both parents or single-parent; divorce or other reasons for separation of parents; social origins; child-raising goals; number of children; desired number of children; living together with a partner; living separately; year of separation; right to support or personal payment obligations; regularity of payments deposited. 2. Partnership: steady partnership; judgement on living together with partner and quality of partnership (scale); division of decision-making authority in partnership. 3. Questions on social net: person to confide in; persons with whom one regularly has meals and to whom emotional relations exist; persons from whom one receives financial support or whom one supports; leisure partner; number of living grandparents. 4. School, training and employment: year and month of birth; year of school completion; time of first taking up occupational activity and complete information on professional career; current employment status; number of hours each week; temporary work; work orientation (scale); child-raising and employment; information on number of siblings, number of grandchildren, number of grandparents, employment, occupational position and number of hours each week of spouse; division of tasks in partnership; attitude to marriage (scale); estimated weekly effort for activities for family and household; attitude to children (scale); religious denomination; religiousness; postmaterialism; residential status; monthly rent or housing costs; floor space; number of rooms; number of children's rooms; information on infrastructure available in one's residential area and use of these facilities; presence and use of facilities for children in the immediate vicinity of one's residence; household income; income sources; possession of assets; right to support for children; regularity of payments; arrangement for child care; looking after persons in need of care in the household; self-assessment of condition of health; problems occurring in daily life in the family and occupation and perceived stress from this (scale); contraception; person using and deciding about contraception; marriage duration, number of relatives; household size; perceived family; occupational situation of man and woman. Additionally there are various indices in the dataset: family cycle; family form; forms of child-raising; marriage; children as burden, as benefit; postmaterialism; partnership after Featherman; infrastructure; distance to various relatives; income per person. Also encoded was: state and district code. Aktuelle Lebenssituation und Lebensformen. Soziale Beziehungen und Lebensverläufe. Themen: 1. Kinder: Geschwisterzahl; Geschlecht der Geschwister; Aufwachsen bei beiden Elternteilen oder bei alleinerziehenden Elternteilen; Scheidung oder andere Gründe für die Trennung der Eltern; soziale Herkunft; Erziehungsziele; Kinderzahl; gewünschte Kinderzahl; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; getrenntlebend; Jahr der Trennung; Anspruch auf Unterhaltsgeld oder eigene Zahlungsverpflichtungen; Regelmäßigkeit der eingehenden Zahlungen. 2. Partnerschaft: Feste Partnerschaft; Beurteilung des Zusammenlebens mit dem Partner und der Qualität der Partnerschaft (Skala); Aufteilung der Entscheidungsbefugnisse in der Partnerschaft. 3. Fragen zum sozialen Netz: Vertrauensperson; Personen, mit denen regelmäßig Mahlzeiten eingenommen werden und zu denen gefühlsmäßige Beziehungen bestehen; Personen, von denen eine finanzielle Unterstützung erhalten bzw. an die eine solche gegeben wird; Freizeitpartner; Anzahl der lebenden Großeltern. 4. Schule, Ausbildung und Erwerbstätigkeit: Geburtsjahr und Geburtsmonat; Jahr des Schulabschlusses; Zeitpunkt der ersten Aufnahme einer beruflichen Tätigkeit und lückenlose Angabe der beruflichen Karriere; derzeitiger Erwerbsstatus; Wochenstundenzahl; befristetes Arbeitsverhältnis; Arbeitsorientierung (Skala); Kindererziehung und Berufstätigkeit; Angaben über die Geschwisterzahl, Enkelzahl, Großelternzahl, Erwerbstätigkeit, berufliche Position und Wochenstundenzahl des Ehepartners; Aufgabenteilung in der Partnerschaft; Einstellung zur Ehe (Skala); geschätzter wöchentlicher Aufwand für Familien- und Haushaltstätigkeiten; Einstellung zu Kindern (Skala); Konfession; Religiosität; Postmaterialismus; Wohnstatus; monatliche Miet- bzw. Wohnungskosten; Wohnfläche; Zimmerzahl; Anzahl der Kinderzimmer; Angaben über die Infrastrukturversorgung der Wohngegend und Nutzung dieser Einrichtungen; Vorhandensein und Nutzung von Einrichtungen für Kinder in der näheren Umgebung der Wohnung; Haushaltseinkommen; Einkommensquellen; Vermögensbesitz; Unterhaltsansprüche für Kinder; Regelmäßigkeit des Zahlungseingangs; Kinderbetreuungsregelung; Betreuung pflegebedürftiger Personen im Haushalt; Selbsteinschätzung des Gesundheitszustands; aufgetretene Probleme im familiären und beruflichen Alltag und dadurch empfundene Belastung (Skala); Verhütung; Anwender und Entscheider über die Verhütung; Ehedauer, Anzahl der Verwandten; Haushaltsgröße; wahrgenommene Familie; Berufssituation von Mann und Frau. Zusätzlich im Datensatz sind verschiedene Indizes: Familienzyklus; Familienform; Erziehungsformen; Ehe; Kinder als Last, als Nutzen; Postmaterialismus; Partnerschaft nach Featherman; Infrastruktur; Entfernung zu verschiedenen Verwandten; Pro-Kopf-Einkommen. Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Bundesland und Kreiskennziffer. Five different surveys with different samples. The details are noted with the individual studies. See the references under further remarks. Fünf verschiedene Erhebungen mit unterschiedlichen Stichproben. Die Details sind bei den Einzelstudien vermerkt. Siehe die Verweise unter weitere Hinweise.

The CLARISSA Cash Plus intervention represented an innovative social protection scheme for tackling social ills, including the worst forms of child labour (WFCL). A universal and unconditional ‘cash plus’ programme, it combined community mobilisation, case work, and cash transfers (CTs). It was implemented in a high-density, low-income neighbourhood in Dhaka to build individual, family, and group capacities to meet needs. This, in turn, was expected to lead to a corresponding decrease in deprivation and community-identified social issues that negatively affect wellbeing, including WFCL. Four principles underpinned the intervention: Unconditionality, Universality, Needs-centred and people-led, and Emergent and open-ended.The intervention took place in Dhaka – North Gojmohol – over a 27-month period, between October 2021 and December 2023, to test and study the impact of providing unconditional and people‑led support to everyone in a community. Cash transfers were provided between January and June 2023 in monthly instalments, plus one investment transfer in September 2023. A total of 1,573 households received cash, through the Upay mobile financial service. Cash was complemented by a ‘plus’ component, implemented between October 2021 and December 2023. Referred to as relational needs-based community organising (NBCO), a team of 20 community mobilisers (CMs) delivered case work at the individual and family level and community mobilisation at the group level. The intervention was part of the wider CLARISSA programme, led by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) and funded by UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO). The intervention was implemented by Terre des hommes (Tdh) in Bangladesh and evaluated in collaboration with the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD) and researchers from the University of Bath and the Open University, UK.The evaluation of the CLARISSA Social Protection pilot was rooted in contribution analysis that combined multiple methods over more than three years in line with emerging best practice guidelines for mixed methods research on children, work, and wellbeing. Quantitative research included bi-monthly monitoring surveys administered by the project’s community mobilisers (CMs), including basic questions about wellbeing, perceived economic resilience, school attendance, etc. This was complimented by baseline, midline, and endline surveys, which collected information about key outcome indicators within the sphere of influence of the intervention, such as children’s engagement with different forms of work and working conditions, with schooling and other activities, household living conditions and sources of income, and respondents’ perceptions of change. Qualitative tools were used to probe topics and results of interest, as well as impact pathways. These included reflective diaries written by the community mobilisers; three rounds of focus group discussions (FGDs) with community members; three rounds of key informant interviews (KIIs) with members of case study households; and long-term ethnographic observation.Quantitative DataThe quantitative evaluation of the CLARISSA Cash Plus intervention involved several data collection methods to gather information about household living standards, children’s education and work, and social dynamics. The data collection included a pre-intervention census, four periodic surveys, and 13 rounds of bi-monthly monitoring surveys, all conducted between late 2020 and late 2023. Details of each instrument are as follows:Census: Conducted in October/November 2020 in the target neighbourhood of North Gojmohol (n=1,832) and the comparison neighbourhood of Balurmath (n=2,365)Periodic surveys: Baseline (February 2021, n=752 in North Gojmohol), Midline 1 (before cash) (October 2022, n=771 in North Gojmohol), Midline 2 (after 6 rounds of cash) (July 2023, n=769 in North Gojmohol), and Endline (December 2023, n=750 in North Gojmohol and n=773 in Balumath)Bi-monthly monitoring data (13 rounds): Conducted between December 2021 and December 2023 in North Gojmohol (average of 1,400 households per round)The present repository summarizes this information, organized as follows:1.1 Bimonthly survey (household): Panel dataset comprising 13 rounds of bi-monthly monitoring data at the household level (average of 1,400 households per round, total of 18,379 observations)1.2 Bimonthly survey (child): Panel dataset comprising 13 rounds of bi-monthly monitoring data at the child level (aged 5 to 16 at census) (average of 940 children per round, total of 12,213 observations)2.1 Periodic survey (household): Panel dataset comprising 5 periodic surveys (census, baseline, midline 1, midline 2, endline) at the household level (average of 750 households per period, total of 3,762 observations)2.2 Periodic survey (child): Panel dataset comprising 4 periodic surveys (baseline, midline 1, midline 2, endline) at the child level (average of 3,100 children per period, total of 12,417 observations)3.0 Balurmat - North Gojmohol panel: Balanced panel dataset comprising 558 households in North Gojmohol and 773 households in Balurmath, observed both at 2020 census and 2023 endline (total of 2,662 observations)4.0 Questionnaires: Original questionnaires for all datasetsAll datasets are provided in Stata format (.dta) and Excel format (.xlsx) and are accompanied by their respective dictionary in Excel format (.xlsx).Qualitative DataThe qualitative study was conducted in three rounds: the first round of IDIs and FGDs took place between December 2022 and January 2023; the second round took place from April to May 2023; and the third round took place from November to December 2023. KIIs were taken during the 2nd round of study in May 2023.The sample size by round and instrument type is shown below:RoundsIDIs with childrenIDIs with parentsIDIs with CMsFGDsKIIs1st Round (12/2022 – 01/2023)3026-06-2nd Round ( 04/2023 – 05/2023)3023-06053rd Round (11/2023 – 12/2023)26250307-The files in this archive contain the qualitative data and include six types of transcripts:· 1.1 Interviews with children in case study households (IDI): 30 families in round 1, 30 in round 2, and 26 in round 3· 1.2 Interviews with parents in case study households (IDI): 26 families in round 1, 23 in round 2, and 25 in round 3· 1.3 Interviews with community mobiliser (IDI): 3 CM in round 3· 2.0 Key informant interviews (KII): 5 in round 2· 3.0 Focus group discussions (FGD): 6 in round 1, 6 in round 2, and 7 in round 3· 4.0 Community mobiliser micro-narratives (556 cases)Additionally, this repository includes a comprehensive list of all qualitative data files ("List of all qualitative data+MC.xlsx").

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (formerly known as the ONS Opinions Survey or Omnibus) is an omnibus survey that began in 1990, collecting data on a range of subjects commissioned by both the ONS internally and external clients (limited to other government departments, charities, non-profit organisations and academia).Data are collected from one individual aged 16 or over, selected from each sampled private household. Personal data include data on the individual, their family, address, household, income and education, plus responses and opinions on a variety of subjects within commissioned modules. The questionnaire collects timely data for research and policy analysis evaluation on the social impacts of recent topics of national importance, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the cost of living, on individuals and households in Great Britain. From April 2018 to November 2019, the design of the OPN changed from face-to-face to a mixed-mode design (online first with telephone interviewing where necessary). Mixed-mode collection allows respondents to complete the survey more flexibly and provides a more cost-effective service for customers. In March 2020, the OPN was adapted to become a weekly survey used to collect data on the social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the lives of people of Great Britain. These data are held in the Secure Access study, SN 8635, ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, Covid-19 Module, 2020-2022: Secure Access. From August 2021, as coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions were lifting across Great Britain, the OPN moved to fortnightly data collection, sampling around 5,000 households in each survey wave to ensure the survey remains sustainable. The OPN has since expanded to include questions on other topics of national importance, such as health and the cost of living. For more information about the survey and its methodology, see the ONS OPN Quality and Methodology Information webpage.Secure Access Opinions and Lifestyle Survey dataOther Secure Access OPN data cover modules run at various points from 1997-2019, on Census religion (SN 8078), cervical cancer screening (SN 8080), contact after separation (SN 8089), contraception (SN 8095), disability (SNs 8680 and 8096), general lifestyle (SN 8092), illness and activity (SN 8094), and non-resident parental contact (SN 8093). See Opinions and Lifestyle Survey: Secure Access for details. Main Topics:Each month's questionnaire consists of two elements: core questions, covering demographic information, are asked each month together with non-core questions that vary from month to month. The non-core questions for this month were: Second Homes (Module 4): ownership of a second home by any member of the household and reasons for having the second home. Condom Use (Module 6): awareness of publicity about AIDS; use of condoms amongst the sexually active and its relation to publicity about HIV and AIDS. Investment Income (Module 7a): ownership of shares and income from shares, bank accounts and building society accounts. Also question about investments in PEPs and TESSAs Tenant's Charter (Module 34): tenants of local authorities were asked if they has received a copy of a report on the performance of their Housing Services, whether they had read it and how easy they found it to understand; whether found information useful; level of satisfaction with the council as a landlord. Medicines (Module 54): whether taken or given any medicines for digestive system diseases/problems; whether taken or been given any antibiotic medicines; names of medicines and days taken. Pensions (Module 56): arrangements for pensions and retirement income; views on advantages and disadvantages of state pensions and private pensions; whether present employer runs a pension scheme and whether belongs to scheme; reasons for not belonging to employer's pension scheme; contributions to employer's pension scheme; pension entitlement and benefits from employer's pension scheme; satisfaction with scheme; membership to previous employer's pension scheme; worries, concerns or problems with employer's pension scheme. Overseas Transactions (Module 58): financial transactions (receipts or payments) made as a private individual in the past 12 months; value in pound sterling; currency of transaction; reasons for transaction. Access to Shops (Module 59): availability of shops which sell food or household groceries within a short distance of home; whether these are small shops or large supermarkets; how much use is made of the small shops and the extent to which they are relied upon.

Survey of Household Spending (SHS), average household spending, Canada, regions and provinces.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (formerly known as the ONS Opinions Survey or Omnibus) is an omnibus survey that began in 1990, collecting data on a range of subjects commissioned by both the ONS internally and external clients (limited to other government departments, charities, non-profit organisations and academia).Data are collected from one individual aged 16 or over, selected from each sampled private household. Personal data include data on the individual, their family, address, household, income and education, plus responses and opinions on a variety of subjects within commissioned modules. The questionnaire collects timely data for research and policy analysis evaluation on the social impacts of recent topics of national importance, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the cost of living, on individuals and households in Great Britain. From April 2018 to November 2019, the design of the OPN changed from face-to-face to a mixed-mode design (online first with telephone interviewing where necessary). Mixed-mode collection allows respondents to complete the survey more flexibly and provides a more cost-effective service for customers. In March 2020, the OPN was adapted to become a weekly survey used to collect data on the social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the lives of people of Great Britain. These data are held in the Secure Access study, SN 8635, ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, Covid-19 Module, 2020-2022: Secure Access. From August 2021, as coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions were lifting across Great Britain, the OPN moved to fortnightly data collection, sampling around 5,000 households in each survey wave to ensure the survey remains sustainable. The OPN has since expanded to include questions on other topics of national importance, such as health and the cost of living. For more information about the survey and its methodology, see the ONS OPN Quality and Methodology Information webpage.Secure Access Opinions and Lifestyle Survey dataOther Secure Access OPN data cover modules run at various points from 1997-2019, on Census religion (SN 8078), cervical cancer screening (SN 8080), contact after separation (SN 8089), contraception (SN 8095), disability (SNs 8680 and 8096), general lifestyle (SN 8092), illness and activity (SN 8094), and non-resident parental contact (SN 8093). See Opinions and Lifestyle Survey: Secure Access for details. Main Topics:Each month's questionnaire consists of two elements: core questions, covering demographic information, are asked each month together with non-core questions that vary from month to month. The non-core questions for this month were: Mortgage Arrears (Module 2): source of mortgage, if any, and whether behind in payments. GP Practices (Module 3): awareness of practice leaflets and of new rules about changing doctors. Health Screening (Module 4): attitudes towards health tests administered by pharmacists and towards self-testing kits. Stepchildren (Module 5): existence of step-children of informant/partner in household, receipt of child support payments from parent outside the household and existence of dependent children of informant/partner outside household. Condoms (Module 6): use of condoms among sexually active and its relation to publicity about HIV and AIDS. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview

This deposit contains three do files which were constructed as part of the project “Intergenerational income mobility: Gender, Partnerships and Poverty in the UK”, UKRI grant number ES/P007899/1. The aim of the do files is to convert partnership, fertility, and labour market activity information provided with the age 46 wave of the British Cohort Study (BCS70) into monthly panel format. There are separate do files to do this for each of the three aspects.

This important new work looks to fill an 'evidence deficit' within the literature on intergenerational economic mobility by investigating intergenerational income mobility for two groups who are often overlooked in existing research: women and the poorest in society. To do this, the research will make two methodological advancements to previous work: First, moving to focus on the family unit in the second generation and total family resources rather than individual labour market earnings and second, looking across adulthood to observe partnership, fertility and poverty dynamics rather than a point-in-time static view of these important factors.

Specifically it will ask four research questions:

1) What is the relationship between family incomes of parents in childhood and family incomes of daughters throughout adulthood? The majority of previous studies of intergenerational income mobility have focused on the relationship between parents' income in childhood and sons' prime-age labour market earnings. Women have therefore been consistently disregarded due to difficulties observing prime-age labour market earnings for women. This is because women often exit the labour market for fertility reasons, and the timing of this exit and the duration of the spell out of the labour market are related to both parental childhood income and current labour market earnings. This means that previous studies that have focused on employed women only are not representative of the entire population of women. By combining our two advancements, considering total family income and looking across adulthood for women, we can minimise these issues. The life course approach enables us to observe average resources across a long window of time, dealing with issues of temporary labour market withdrawal, while the use of total family income gives the most complete picture of resources available to the family unit including partner's earnings and income from other sources, including benefits.

2) What role do partnerships and assortative mating play in this process across the life course? The shift to focusing on the whole family unit emphasises the importance of partnerships including when they occur and breakdown and who people partner with in terms of education and current labour market earnings. Previous research on intergenerational income mobility in the UK has suggested an important role for who people partner with but has been limited to only focusing on those in partnerships. This work will advance our understanding of partnership dynamics by looking across adulthood at both those in partnerships and at the importance of family breakdown and lone parenthood in this relationship.

3) What is the extent of intergenerational poverty in the UK, and does this persist through adulthood? The previous focus on individuals' labour market earnings has often neglected to consider intergenerational income mobility for the poorest in society: those without labour market earnings for lengthy periods of time who rely on other income from transfers and benefits. The shift in focus to total family resources and the life course approach will allow us to assess whether those who grew up in poor households are more likely to experience persistent poverty themselves in adulthood.

4) What is the role of early skills, education and labour market experiences, including job tenure and progression, in driving these newly estimated relationships? Finally our proposed work will consider the potential mechanisms for these new estimates of intergenerational income mobility for women and the poorest in society for the first time and expand our understanding of potential mechanisms for men. While our previous work showed the importance of early skills and education in transmitting inequality across generations for males, this new work will also consider the role of labour market experiences including job tenure and promotions as part of the process.