This database contains measured soil water retention, hydraulic conductivity, and water diffusivity data, as well as pedological information of some 790 soil samples from around the world. Quantifying water flow and chemical transport in the vadose zone typically requires knowledge of the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. The UNsaturated SOil hydraulic DAtabase (UNSODA) was developed to provide a source of unsaturated hydraulic data and some other soil properties for practitioners and researchers. A first MS-DOS version of the database was released in 1996. It has been applied in numerous studies. In this paper, we describe the second version (UNSODA V2.0) for use with Microsoft Access-97®1. The format and structure of the new database have been modified to provide additional and more convenient options for data searches, to provide compatibility with other programs for easy loading and downloading of data, and to allow users to customise the contents and look of graphical output. This paper reviews the structure and contents of the database as well as the operations that can be performed on the different data types in UNSODA V2.0. The use and application of the new database are illustrated with two examples. The retrieval of data is briefly illustrated, followed by a more detailed example regarding the interpolation of soil particle-size distribution data obtained according to different national definitions of particle-size classes. The interpolation procedure, which is based on finding similar particle-size distribution curves from a large European data set, also performed well for soils that originate from other geographical areas. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: UNSODA 2.0 README. File Name: UNSODA 2.0 README.pdfResource Title: UNSODA 2.0 zip package. File Name: unsoda.ZIPResource Description: Contains a README file and Microsoft Access database. Files added to original record on June 8, 2020.

Groundwater: Thickness of the unsaturated soil zone The geometric data were developed in 2013 as part of the project "Distance to the groundwater table of the main aquifer in Brandenburg". The thickness of the unsaturated soil zone is defined as the perpendicular distance between the ground surface and the groundwater pressure surface. Approximately 14,100 boreholes and a kriging interpolation method were used for the regionalization. The resolution took place in a grid of 10x10 m. Calculated areas of < 25,000 m2 are included in the enveloping area. Lakes with an area of ​​< 25,000 m2 were not taken into account and were also included in the surrounding area. Open pit areas (as of 2011) were cut out. As a result of the processing, more than 37,700 individual areas in 13 classes of thickness could be documented. Of this, 31% of the land surface has an unsaturated soil zone < 2 m and 50% < 5 m thick.

The cycloisomerization of β-, γ-, and δ-unsaturated N-acyl sulfonamides to N-sulfonyl lactams and imidates is reported. This transformation is effected in the presence of a CoIII(salen) catalyst using t-BuOOH or air as the oxidant. The method shows good functional group tolerance (alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, ether, N-Boc) and furnishes an underexplored class of cyclic building blocks. The strong solvent dependence of the transformation is investigated, and the synthetic versatility of the N-sulfonyl imidate product class is highlighted.

Synthesis of a new class of fully unsaturated ladder structures, phenylene-containing oligoacenes (POAs), using 3,4-bis(methylene)cyclobutene as a building block for sequential Diels–Alder reactions is described. The geometric effects of strain and energetic cost of antiaromaticity can be observed via the optical and electrochemical properties of the reported compounds. The resulting shape-persistant ladder structures contain neighboring chromophores that are partially electronically isolated from one another while still undergoing a reduction in the band gap of the material.

The concentration of C37-C39 long-chain alkenones and alkenes were determined in surface water and surface sediment samples from the subpolar waters of the Southern Ocean. Distributions of these compounds were similar in both sample sets indicating little differential degradation between or within compound classes. The relative amounts of the tri- to tetra-unsaturated C37 alkenones increased with increasing temperature for temperatures below 6°C similar to the di- and tri-unsaturated C37 alkenones. The C37 di-, tri-, and tetra-unsaturated methyl alkenones are used in paleotemperature calculations via the U37K and the U37K ratios. In these datasets, the relative abundances of the C37:2 and the C37.3 alkenones as a proportion of the total C37 alkenones were opposite and strongly related to temperature (the latter with more scatter), but the abundance of the C37:4 alkenone showed no relationship with temperature. The original definition of U37K includes the abundance of 37:4 in both the numerator and denominator, and thus it is perhaps not surprising that there is considerable scatter in the values obtained for U37K at low temperatures. Of the two, we suggest that U37K' is the better parameter for use in paleotemperature estimations, even in cold locations. U37K' values in the sediments fall on virtually the same regression line obtained for the water column samples of Sikes and Volkman (1993, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90120-L), indicating that their calibration is suitable for use in Southern Ocean sediments. The comparison of water column data with sedimentary temperature estimates suggests that the alkenone distributions are dominated by contributions from the summer when the biomass of Emiliania huxleyi and presumably flux to the sediment, is expected to be high.

A chiral bicyclic bridgehead phosphoramidite (briphos) prepared from 1-aminoindane is a highly efficient and selective ligand for rhodium(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated N,N-dimethyl-sulfamoyl imino esters at ambient temperature. This transformation provides a new class of chiral (Z)-γ,γ-diaryl-α,β-dehydroamino esters with excellent yield and enantioselectivity.

A highly enantio- and diastereoselective [4 + 1]-annulation reaction between α,β-unsaturated imines and allylic carbonates has been realized under the catalysis of a novel hybrid P-chiral phosphine oxide–phosphine, providing enantioenriched polysubstituted 2-pyrrolines in good to excellent yields and up to 99% ee. Based on Han’s methods, the catalyst featuring a sole P(O)-chirality in the molecule is readily accessible and represents a class of new chiral phosphine organocatalysts. In the plausible catalytic mechanism, an intramolecular Coulombic interaction between the in situ generated phosphonium cation and polar chiral PO moiety may play a positive role.

A significant limitation of modern asymmetric catalysis is that, when applied to processes that generate chiral molecules with multiple stereogenic centers in a single step, researchers cannot selectively access the full matrix of all possible stereoisomeric products. Mirror image products can be discretely provided by the enantiomeric pair of a chiral catalyst. But modulating the enforced sense of diastereoselectivity using a single catalyst is a largely unmet challenge. We document here the possibility of switching the catalytic functions of a chiral organic small molecule (a quinuclidine derivative with a pendant primary amine) by applying an external chemical stimulus, in order to induce diastereodivergent pathways. The strategy can fully control the stereochemistry of the asymmetric conjugate addition of alkyl thiols to α-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones, a class of carbonyls that has never before succumbed to a catalytic approach. The judicious choice of acidic additives and reaction media switches the sense of the catalyst’s diastereoselection, thereby affording either the syn or anti product with high enantioselectivity.