The goal of this work is to generate large statistically representative datasets to train machine learning models for disruption prediction provided by data from few existing discharges. Such a comprehensive training database is important to achieve satisfying and reliable prediction results in artificial neural network classifiers. Here, we aim for a robust augmentation of the training database for multivariate time series data using Student-t process regression. We apply Student-t process regression in a state space formulation via Bayesian filtering to tackle challenges imposed by outliers and noise in the training data set and to reduce the computational complexity. Thus, the method can also be used if the time resolution is high. We use an uncorrelated model for each dimension and impose correlations afterwards via coloring transformations. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on plasma diagnostics data of three different disruption classes from the DIII-D tokamak. To evaluate if the distribution of the generated data is similar to the training data, we additionally perform statistical analyses using methods from time series analysis, descriptive statistics, and classic machine learning clustering algorithms.

If you use this dataset, please cite this paper: Puertas, E.; De-Las-Heras, G.; Sánchez-Soriano, J.; Fernández-Andrés, J. Dataset: Variable Message Signal Annotated Images for Object Detection. Data 2022, 7, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/data7040041

This dataset consists of Spanish road images taken from inside a vehicle, as well as annotations in XML files in PASCAL VOC format that indicate the location of Variable Message Signals within them. Also, a CSV file is attached with information regarding the geographic position, the folder where the image is located, and the text in Spanish. This can be used to train supervised learning computer vision algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks. Throughout this work, the process followed to obtain the dataset, image acquisition, and labeling, and its specifications are detailed. The dataset is constituted of 1216 instances, 888 positives, and 328 negatives, in 1152 jpg images with a resolution of 1280x720 pixels. These are divided into 576 real images and 576 images created from the data-augmentation technique. The purpose of this dataset is to help in road computer vision research since there is not one specifically for VMSs.

The folder structure of the dataset is as follows:

• vms_dataset/
  • data.csv
  • real_images/
    • imgs/
    • annotations/
  • data-augmentation/
    • imgs/
    • annotations/

In which:

• data.csv: Each row contains the following information separated by commas (,): image_name, x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max, class_name, lat, long, folder, text.
• real_images: Images extracted directly from the videos.
• data-augmentation: Images created using data-augmentation
• imgs: Image files in .jpg format.
• annotations: Annotation files in .xml format.

Deep learning has emerged as a robust tool for automating feature extraction from 3D images, offering an efficient alternative to labour-intensive and potentially biased manual image segmentation methods. However, there has been limited exploration into the optimal training set sizes, including assessing whether artificial expansion by data augmentation can achieve consistent results in less time and how consistent these benefits are across different types of traits. In this study, we manually segmented 50 planktonic foraminifera specimens from the genus Menardella to determine the minimum number of training images required to produce accurate volumetric and shape data from internal and external structures. The results reveal unsurprisingly that deep learning models improve with a larger number of training images with eight specimens being required to achieve 95% accuracy. Furthermore, data augmentation can enhance network accuracy by up to 8.0%. Notably, predicting both volumetric and ..., Data collection 50 planktonic foraminifera, comprising 4 Menardella menardii, 17 Menardella limbata, 18 Menardella exilis, and 11 Menardella pertenuis specimens, were used in our analyses (electronic supplementary material, figures S1 and S2). The taxonomic classification of these species was established based on the analysis of morphological characteristics observed in their shells. In this context, all species are characterised by lenticular, low trochosprial tests with a prominent keel [13]. Discrimination among these species is achievable, as M. limbata can be distinguished from its ancestor, M. menardii, by having a greater number of chambers and a smaller umbilicus. Moreover, M. exilis and M. pertenuis can be discerned from M. limbata by their thinner, more polished tests and reduced trochospirality. Furthermore, M. pertenuis is identifiable by a thin plate extending over the umbilicus and possessing a greater number of chambers in the final whorl compared to M. exilis [13]. The s..., , # Data from: How many specimens make a sufficient training set for automated three dimensional feature extraction?

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1rn8pk12f

All computer code and final raw data used for this research work are stored in GitHub: https://github.com/JamesMulqueeney/Automated-3D-Feature-Extraction and have been archived within the Zenodo repository:Â https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11109348.Â

This data is the additional primary data used in each analysis. These include: CT Image Files, Manual Segmentation Files (use for training or analysis), Inputs and Outputs for Shape Analysis and an example .h5 file which can be used to practice AI segmentation.Â

Description of the data and file structure

The primary data is arranged into the following:

1. Image_Files.zip: Foraminiferal CT data used in the analysis.Â
2. **I...

Machine learning‐based behaviour classification using acceleration data is a powerful tool in bio‐logging research. Deep learning architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short‐term memory (LSTM) and self‐attention mechanisms as well as related training techniques have been extensively studied in human activity recognition. However, they have rarely been used in wild animal studies. The main challenges of acceleration‐based wild animal behaviour classification include data shortages, class imbalance problems, various types of noise in data due to differences in individual behaviour and where the loggers were attached and complexity in data due to complex animal‐specific behaviours, which may have limited the application of deep learning techniques in this area. To overcome these challenges, we explored the effectiveness of techniques for efficient model training: data augmentation, manifold mixup and pre‐training of deep learning models with unlabelled data, using datasets from two species of wild seabirds and state‐of‐the‐art deep learning model architectures. Data augmentation improved the overall model performance when one of the various techniques (none, scaling, jittering, permutation, time‐warping and rotation) was randomly applied to each data during mini‐batch training. Manifold mixup also improved model performance, but not as much as random data augmentation. Pre‐training with unlabelled data did not improve model performance. The state‐of‐the‐art deep learning models, including a model consisting of four CNN layers, an LSTM layer and a multi‐head attention layer, as well as its modified version with shortcut connection, showed better performance among other comparative models. Using only raw acceleration data as inputs, these models outperformed classic machine learning approaches that used 119 handcrafted features. Our experiments showed that deep learning techniques are promising for acceleration‐based behaviour classification of wild animals and highlighted some challenges (e.g. effective use of unlabelled data). There is scope for greater exploration of deep learning techniques in wild animal studies (e.g. advanced data augmentation, multimodal sensor data use, transfer learning and self‐supervised learning). We hope that this study will stimulate the development of deep learning techniques for wild animal behaviour classification using time‐series sensor data.

This abstract is cited from the original article "Exploring deep learning techniques for wild animal behaviour classification using animal-borne accelerometers" in Methods in Ecology and Evolution (Otsuka et al., 2024).Please see README for the details of the datasets.

Abstract Purpose This paper aims to develop a successful deep learning model with data augmentation technique to discover the clinical uniqueness of chest X-ray imaging features of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Patients and methods We enrolled 149 CWP patients and 68 dust-exposure workers for a prospective cohort observational study between August 2021 and December 2021 at First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Two hundred seventeen chest X-ray images were collected for this study, obtaining reliable diagnostic results through the radiologists' team, and confirming clinical imaging features. We segmented regions of interest with diagnosis reports, then classified them into three categories. To identify these clinical features, we developed a deep learning model (ShuffleNet V2-ECA Net) with data augmentation through performances of different deep learning models by assessment with Receiver Operation Characteristics (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), and Loss curves. Results We selected the ShuffleNet V2-ECA Net as the optimal model. The average AUC of this model was 0.98, and all classifications of clinical imaging features had an AUC above 0.95. Conclusion We performed a study on a small dataset to classify the chest X-ray clinical imaging features of pneumoconiosis using a deep learning technique. A deep learning model of ShuffleNet V2 and ECA-Net was successfully constructed using data augmentation, which achieved an average accuracy of 98%. This method uncovered the uniqueness of the chest X-ray imaging features of CWP, thus supplying additional reference material for clinical application.

Context

Data science beginners start with curated set of data, but it's a well known fact that in a real Data Science Project, major time is spent on collecting, cleaning and organizing data . Also domain expertise is considered as important aspect of creating good ML models. Being an automobile enthusiast, I tool up this challenge to collect images of two of the popular car models from a used car website, where users upload the images of the car they want to sell and then train a Deep Neural Network to identify model of a car from car images. In my search for images I found that approximately 10 percent of the cars pictures did not represent the intended car correctly and those pictures have to be deleted from final data.

Content

There are 4000 images of two of the popular cars (Swift and Wagonr) in India of make Maruti Suzuki with 2000 pictures belonging to each model. The data is divided into training set with 2400 images , validation set with 800 images and test set with 800 images. The data was randomized before splitting into training, test and validation set.

The starter kernal is provided for keras with CNN. I have also created github project documenting advanced techniques in pytorch and keras for image classification like data augmentation, dropout, batch normalization and transfer learning

Inspiration

1. With small dataset like this, how much accuracy can we achieve and whether more data is always better. The baseline model trained in Keras achieves 88% accuracy on validation set, can we achieve even better performance and by how much.

2. Is the data collected for the two car models representative of all possible car from all over country or there is sample bias .

3. I would also like someone to extend the concept to build a use case so that if user uploads an incorrect car picture of car , the ML model could automatically flag it. For example user uploading incorrect model or an image which is not a car

W+jet events at generator and reconstruction level, used to train analysis-specific generative models.

Events are represented as an array of relevant high-level features. Reco objects are matched to Gen objects and a minimal selection is applied to define the generator support in the N-dim space identified by the input features.

About 2M events, used for large-scale testing

Details in https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.01835

This image dataset contains synthetic structure images used for training the deep-learning based nanowire segmentation model presented in our work "A deep learned nanowire segmentation model using synthetic data augmentation" to be published in npj Computational materials. Detailed information can be found in the corresponding article.

This database contains the reference data used for direct force training of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) interatomic potentials using the atomic energy network (ænet) and ænet-PyTorch packages (https://github.com/atomisticnet/aenet-PyTorch). It also includes the GPR-augmented data used for indirect force training via Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) surrogate models using the ænet-GPR package (https://github.com/atomisticnet/aenet-gpr). Each data file contains atomic structures, energies, and atomic forces in XCrySDen Structure Format (XSF). The dataset includes all reference training/test data and corresponding GPR-augmented data used in the four benchmark examples presented in the reference paper, "Scalable Training of Neural Network Potentials for Complex Interfaces Through Data Augmentation". A hierarchy of the dataset is described in the README.txt file, and an overview of the dataset is also summarized in supplementary Table S1 of the reference paper.

Dataset used for data augmentation in the training phase of the Variable Misuse tool. It contains some source code files extracted from third-party repositories.

many methods exist to augment a 3D object

Data and code for the paper "Assessing the Reliability of Point Mutation as Data Augmentation for Deep Learning with Genomic Data".

physical

Brain Tumor Detection Research Paper Code and Dataset

Paper title: Transforming brain tumor detection: the impact of YOLO models and MRI orientations.

Authored by: Yazan Al-Smadi, Ahmad Al-Qerem, et al. (2023)

This project contains a full version of the used brain tumor dataset and a full code version of the proposed research methodology.

The purified dataset for data augmentation for DAISM-DNNXMBD can be downloaded from this repository.

The pbmc8k dataset downloaded from 10X Genomics were processed and uesd for data augmentation to create training datasets for training DAISM-DNN models. pbmc8k.h5ad contains 5 cell types (B.cells, CD4.T.cells, CD8.T.cells, monocytic.lineage, NK.cells), and pbmc8k_fine.h5ad cantains 7 cell types (naive.B.cells, memory.B.cells, naive.CD4.T.cells, memory.CD4.T.cells,naive.CD8.T.cells, memory.CD8.T.cells, regulatory.T.cells, monocytes, macrophages, myeloid.dendritic.cells, NK.cells).

For RNA-seq dataset, it contains 5 cell types (B.cells, CD4.T.cells, CD8.T.cells, monocytic.lineage, NK.cells). Raw FASTQ reads were downloaded from the NCBI website, and transcription and gene-level expression quantification were performed using Salmon (version 0.11.3) with Gencode v29 after quality control of FASTQ reads using fastp. All tools were used with default parameters.

Objective: Biomechanical Machine Learning (ML) models, particularly deep-learning models, demonstrate the best performance when trained using extensive datasets. However, biomechanical data are frequently limited due to diverse challenges. Effective methods for augmenting data in developing ML models, specifically in the human posture domain, are scarce. Therefore, this study explored the feasibility of leveraging generative artificial intelligence (AI) to produce realistic synthetic posture data by utilizing three-dimensional posture data.Methods: Data were collected from 338 subjects through surface topography. A Variational Autoencoder (VAE) architecture was employed to generate and evaluate synthetic posture data, examining its distinguishability from real data by domain experts, ML classifiers, and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). The benefits of incorporating augmented posture data into the learning process were exemplified by a deep autoencoder (AE) for automated feature representation.Results: Our findings highlight the challenge of differentiating synthetic data from real data for both experts and ML classifiers, underscoring the quality of synthetic data. This observation was also confirmed by SPM. By integrating synthetic data into AE training, the reconstruction error can be reduced compared to using only real data samples. Moreover, this study demonstrates the potential for reduced latent dimensions, while maintaining a reconstruction accuracy comparable to AEs trained exclusively on real data samples.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the prospects of harnessing generative AI to enhance ML tasks in the biomechanics domain.

The blood-brain barrier serves as a critical interface between the bloodstream and brain tissue, mainly composed of pericytes, neurons, endothelial cells, and tightly connected basal membranes. It plays a pivotal role in safeguarding brain from harmful substances, thus protecting the integrity of the nervous system and preserving overall brain homeostasis. However, this remarkable selective transmission also poses a formidable challenge in the realm of central nervous system diseases treatment, hindering the delivery of large-molecule drugs into the brain. In response to this challenge, many researchers have devoted themselves to developing drug delivery systems capable of breaching the blood-brain barrier. Among these, blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides have emerged as promising candidates. These peptides had the advantages of high biosafety, ease of synthesis, and exceptional penetration efficiency, making them an effective drug delivery solution. While previous studies have developed a few prediction models for B3PPs, their performance has often been hampered by issue of limited positive data.In this study, we present Augur, a novel prediction model using borderline-SMOTE-based data augmentation and machine learning. we extract highly interpretable physicochemical properties of blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides while solving the issues of small sample size and imbalance of positive and negative samples. Experimental results demonstrate the superior prediction performance of Augur with an AUC value of 0.932 on the training set and 0.931 on the independent test set.This newly developed Augur model demonstrates superior performance in predicting blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides, offering valuable insights for drug development targeting neurological disorders. This breakthrough may enhance the efficiency of peptide-based drug discovery and pave the way for innovative treatment strategies for central nervous system diseases.

Traditional differential expression genes (DEGs) identification models have limitations in small sample size datasets because they require meeting distribution assumptions, otherwise resulting high false positive/negative rates due to sample variation. In contrast, tabular data model based on deep learning (DL) frameworks do not need to consider the data distribution types and sample variation. However, applying DL to RNA-Seq data is still a challenge due to the lack of proper labeling and the small sample size compared to the number of genes. Data augmentation (DA) extracts data features using different methods and procedures, which can significantly increase complementary pseudo-values from limited data without significant additional cost. Based on this, we combine DA and DL framework-based tabular data model, propose a model TabDEG, to predict DEGs and their up-regulation/down-regulation directions from gene expression data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Compared to five counterpart methods, TabDEG has high sensitivity and low misclassification rates. Experiment shows that TabDEG is robust and effective in enhancing data features to facilitate classification of high-dimensional small sample size datasets and validates that TabDEG-predicted DEGs are mapped to important gene ontology terms and pathways associated with cancer.

it often causes leakage

The synthetic data generation market is experiencing explosive growth, driven by the increasing need for high-quality data in various applications, including AI/ML model training, data privacy compliance, and software testing. The market, currently estimated at $2 billion in 2025, is projected to experience a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated $10 billion by 2033. This significant expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning across industries demands large, high-quality datasets, often unavailable due to privacy concerns or data scarcity. Synthetic data provides a solution by generating realistic, privacy-preserving datasets that mirror real-world data without compromising sensitive information. Secondly, stringent data privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA are compelling organizations to explore alternative data solutions, making synthetic data a crucial tool for compliance. Finally, the advancements in generative AI models and algorithms are improving the quality and realism of synthetic data, expanding its applicability in various domains. Major players like Microsoft, Google, and AWS are actively investing in this space, driving further market expansion. The market segmentation reveals a diverse landscape with numerous specialized solutions. While large technology firms dominate the broader market, smaller, more agile companies are making significant inroads with specialized offerings focused on specific industry needs or data types. The geographical distribution is expected to be skewed towards North America and Europe initially, given the high concentration of technology companies and early adoption of advanced data technologies. However, growing awareness and increasing data needs in other regions are expected to drive substantial market growth in Asia-Pacific and other emerging markets in the coming years. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players and innovative startups, leading to continuous innovation and expansion of market applications. This dynamic environment indicates sustained growth in the foreseeable future, driven by an increasing recognition of synthetic data's potential to address critical data challenges across industries.