This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in Labor market tightness and inflation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, PIIE Working Paper 24-23.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Bloesch, Justin. 2024. Labor market tightness and inflation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. PIIE Working Paper 24-23. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

In this project, rich administrative data on search and recruitment from a low-wage online job portal are used to study the labor market impacts of COVID-19 in India. The data from the job portal includes information on vacancies and job seekers across 2019 and 2020. It covers all users that either posted a vacancy or applied to a job on the portal across the two years. The following datasets are available: Aggregate data State level data Each dataset reports the following details: Vacancies: Number of vacancies; number of full-time vacancies; average minimum salary for full-time vacancies; number of full-time vacancies above minimum salary offer of Rs. 15,000; average minimum experience for full-time vacancies Job seekers: Number of job seekers; Number of job seekers by gender, age and education

Employment by industry and sex, UK, published quarterly, non-seasonally adjusted. Labour Force Survey. These are official statistics in development.

Unemployment Rate in the United States increased to 4.20 percent in July from 4.10 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Labor Force Participation Rate in Argentina increased to 48.80 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 48.30 percent in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Argentina Labor Force Participation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The project was designed to identify changes in the employment relationship and contractual basis of employment over the 1980's and 1990's, and to examine their consequences for the future of work. The growth and distribution of numerical and functional flexibility, and their impact on employees and the self-employed, were examined. The project also explored changes in work expectations, organisational commitment and work pressure. Human resource practices and control regimes were examined alongside their impact upon work/family balance, work effort and levels of work strain. Contemporary accounts and explanations of the changing nature of work were assessed, in order to understand both continuity and discontinuity in employment relations. The project used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methodology. The quantitative survey and related documentation formed the original deposit, and sixteen qualitative interviews and related schedules were added for the second edition of the study. Main Topics: Quantitative data The quantitative dataset records the responses of workers aged 20-60 covering issues of work expectations and employment commitment; previous work history; second jobs; current main job details; organisation of work; information and communications; training, employability and career; benefits and working time; job satisfaction and organisational commitment; job security; personal and family details; prosperity, earnings and hours; employer details; discretion, responsibility and supervision; representation, pay fixing and rewards; type of business, clients, employees and motives; competition, risk assessment and start-up capital; work intensity; job security, perceived alternatives. Standard Measures Five- and seven-item Likert scales were used. Qualitative interview data The interview material is taken from the preliminary qualitative phase of the project, which was subsequently used to help devise new questions for the survey questionnaire. The interviews highlight a number of issues such as: The difficulty of recruiting and retaining employees in a buoyant labour market. Employers spoke of the difficulty of finding skilled (an not-so-skilled) workers in the context of tight labour market conditions. The growing internationalisation of recruitment, manifest in US-based companies opening branches in South East England, was another force for driving up salaries for skilled individuals. In this context, the possibility of relocating 'back office' operations to low wage developing countries was being pursued. The 'long hours' culture and the consequences for work-family balance. Employees spoke of the pressure to show 'face time' in their workplaces, a practice that was considered essential to display motivation within competitive, professional work environments. Young professionals spoke of the frustrations of working long hours on tedious tasks to meet deadlines and impress their superiors. Another notable factor was the advent of ICT (e.g. email, intranet, etc.). While one of the benefits included being able to work from home, an acknowledged cost was email overload and the pressure to deal with this outside of 'normal working hours'. Though the feminisation of the labour force was recognised, employers were making relatively little progress in providing family-friendly policies. The spread of team-based forms of work. Both employers and employees highlighted the spread of team-based work, especially for project-based tasks. These frequently meant that employees were members of more than one project team and moved between teams as new projects (and teams) emerged. This posed a challenge for managers, who still had to monitor their subordinate's performance, and to reward systems that focused on individuals rather than teams. Finally, legislative changes were seen to have contributed to the burden of change on managers and had constrained employers' policies. Purposive selection/case studies (qualitative interviews), multi-stage cluster sample (quantitative data). Face-to-face interview Self-completion 1999 2002 ADULTS ANXIETY BUSINESS ECONOMICS BUSINESSES CAPITAL CARE OF DEPENDANTS CARE OF THE DISABLED CARE OF THE ELDERLY CAREER DEVELOPMENT CHRONIC ILLNESS COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATIONS EQUI... COMMUTING CONDITIONS OF EMPLO... CUSTOMERS DECISION MAKING DOMESTIC RESPONSIBI... ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC COMPETITION EMPLOYEES EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY FAMILIES FRINGE BENEFITS FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT GENDER Great Britain HOLIDAY LEAVE HOURS OF WORK INCENTIVES INFORMATION AND COM... JOB CHANGING JOB CHARACTERISTICS JOB EVALUATION JOB REQUIREMENTS JOB SATISFACTION JOB SECURITY LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT LABOUR FORCE LABOUR MIGRATION Labour and employment MANAGERS MARITAL STATUS OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING PART TIME EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE PRIVATE PERSONAL PE... PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL PROFIT SHARING PROMOTION JOB QUALIFICATIONS REDUNDANCY RESPONSIBILITY RETIREMENT REWARDS RISK SELF EMPLOYED SICK PAY SPOUSE S ECONOMIC A... SUBCONTRACTING SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT SUPERVISION TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TIME TRADE UNIONS TRAINING UNWAGED WORKERS WAGES WEALTH WORK ATTITUDE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKLOADS WORKPLACE

The Online Recruitment Sites industry has boomed since the 2000s as job searches have moved online and the internet has become an indispensable part of daily life. The internet has become the primary medium for communicating and accessing information, the main driving force behind this industry's rise. Job seekers and employers have increasingly turned to online recruitment sites to look for new openings and find new talent pools.The largest online recruitment sites have grown through organic innovation and by acquiring competitors targeting niche industries. Historically, incumbents held a competitive advantage in developing brand names, making it difficult for new sites to gain market share. Nonetheless, low barriers to entry have upended the industry as once-dominant platforms like Monster and CareerBuilder have lost relevance, and LinkedIn has become the overwhelming market-leader by leveraging technological innovation. Online job portals have become the primary tool for matching candidates to employers, with the pandemic only furthering the online shift as businesses embrace digital talent sourcing. In this environment, industry revenue is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% to $18.8 billion through 2025, including 6.4% in 2025 alone. Profitability has widened too, despite heavy ongoing investments in technology, with platforms relying on premium services to bring in recurring revenue streams.Driven by the rapid development of artificial intelligence and machine learning to automate resume screening, candidate sourcing and chat-based engagement, online recruitment sites will provide a broader range of services that go well beyond standard job posting services and resume collection. Predictive analytics will be central to the transformation of talent acquisition by replacing manual screening, helping recruiters compete more effectively with in-house hiring departments. Online recruitment sites will continue to evolve into professional networking platforms, becoming comprehensive career ecosystems. With a steady labor market poised to see growth in key sectors like healthcare and technology, revenue across online recruitment sites is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% to $24.8 billion through 2030.

Initial Jobless Claims in the United States increased to 218 thousand in the week ending July 26 of 2025 from 217 thousand in the previous week. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Initial Jobless Claims - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Since 1956 an election study has been carried out in connection with a Swedish general election. This study is accordingly number twelve of the collection. Many of the questions are replications of questions asked in one or several of the previous surveys, but there are also a number of questions not asked before. In this survey the respondents had to give their opinion on the major tax reform completed in this year. They also had to indicate what they considered most important to fight against, unemployment or inflation, and their opinion on the preferences of the political parties. In view of the deteriorating economy the respondents had to give their opinion on the cause of the economic problems in Sweden, and how the situation would have been if there had been a bourgeois government. The respondents also had to indicate if they had been affected by the tightening labour market. A number of questions dealt with the European Community and a possible Swedish membership. Purpose: Explain why people vote as they do and why an election ends in a particular way. Track and follow trends in the Swedish electoral democracy and make comparisons with other countries. Detta är den tolfte riksomfattande studien i serien undersökningar kring partival, valdeltagande och opinionsbildning inom den svenska valmanskåren i samband med ett riksdagsval. Undersökningen ingår som steg två i panelen 1988-1991 och som steg ett i panelen 1991-1994. Ett stort antal av frågorna har ställts i en eller flera tidigare valundersökningar. Nya frågeställningar i denna undersökning tar upp inställningen till 1991 års skattereform samt vad man anser viktigast att bekämpa, arbetslöshet eller inflation. Respondenterna fick även ange vad man trodde var den viktigaste orsaken till Sveriges försämrade ekonomi och hur man trodde situationen skulle ha varit med en borgerlig regering samt om man själv blivit drabbad av det försämrade läget på arbetsmarknaden. Ett antal frågor berörde Europeiska Gemenskapen och ett möjligt svenskt medlemskap. Syfte: Förklara varför väljare röstar som de gör och varför val slutar som de gör. Spåra och följa trender i svensk valdemokrati och göra jämförelser med utvecklingen i andra länder. Probability: Simple random Sannolikhetsurval: obundet slumpmässigt urval Probability Sannolikhetsurval Face-to-face interview Personlig intervju Self-administered questionnaire: paper Självadministrerat frågeformulär: papper Interview Intervju Elections Government POLITICS POLITIK Political Science Political behaviour... Politiska beteenden... Regering Samhällsvetenskap Social Sciences Statsvetenskap Val anställning arbete och sysselsä... associations beskattning communications economic systems economics ekonomi ekonomiskt system election campaigns elections electoral issues employment energi energy environment fackföreningar finance finans förtroende förtroende för rege... groups grupper inrikespolitik internal politics international politics international relat... internationell politik internationella rel... kommunikation labour and employment mass communication mass media masskommunikation massmedia miljö minoritetsgrupp minority groups naturvetenskaplig f... occupations offentlig sektor offentliga finanser organisationer organizations parliamentary elect... partipolitik party politics political allegiance political attitudes political behaviour political groups political interest political leaders political participa... political parties political systems political systems a... politicians politics politik politik policy politiker politisk anhängare politiska grupper politiska ledare politiska partier politiska system politiska system oc... politiska åsikter politiskt beteende politiskt deltagande politiskt intresse public finance public sector riksdagsval röstning sammanslutningar science and technology scientific research social mobility social policy social rörlighet social structure social struktur taxation technology and inno... teknologi trade unions trust trust in government val valfrågor valkampanjer vetenskap och tekno... voting välbefinnande socialt well being society yrken

Unemployment Rate in the United Kingdom increased to 4.70 percent in May from 4.60 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This is the fifth study in the series of SOM-surveys carried out in Western Sweden exclusively. The questionnaire was divided into six subject fields: mass media; politics and society; the municipality of Göteborg; traffic and environment; leisure; and background. Most of the questions are replications of questions asked in one or several previous SOM-surveys. New media questions dealt with thoughts of giving up morning paper subscription, and habits concerning television viewing. Other questions focused on the respondent´s opinion on the function of democracy in Sweden as well as in their own municipality; possibilities to influence a number of local government activities, and if the respondent had tried to influence local government activities during the last year. Respondents also had to state if they believed one in general can trust most people, and how satisfied they were with their own life. A number of questions dealt with the importance of different education and research areas on the future development of Göteborg and the Göteborg region, and the respondent´s contacts with different educational organizations in Göteborg. The respondents also had to give their opinion on the traffic situation in Göteborg. Furthermore they had to report about membership and activities in different organizations. The respondents also had to indicate if they, or someone in their family, had been affected by the tightening labour market. They also had to give their opinion on the future possibilities for children and youth of today to get a good education, employment, good housing, and the same welfare as today.

Purpose:

Study attitudes and behaviors that are linked to local and regional issues and phenomena

This is the fifth study in the series of SOM-surveys carried out in Western Sweden exclusively. The questionnaire was divided into six subject fields: mass media; politics and society; the municipality of Göteborg; traffic and environment; leisure; and background. Most of the questions are replications of questions asked in one or several previous SOM-surveys. New media questions dealt with thoughts of giving up morning paper subscription, and habits concerning television viewing. Other questions focused on the respondent´s opinion on the function of democracy in Sweden as well as in their own municipality; possibilities to influence a number of local government activities, and if the respondent had tried to influence local government activities during the last year. Respondents also had to state if they believed one in general can trust most people, and how satisfied they were with their own life. A number of questions dealt with the importance of different education and research areas on the future development of Göteborg and the Göteborg region, and the respondent´s contacts with different educational organizations in Göteborg. The respondents also had to give their opinion on the traffic situation in Göteborg. Furthermore they had to report about membership and activities in different organizations. The respondents also had to indicate if they, or someone in their family, had been affected by the tightening labour market. They also had to give their opinion on the future possibilities for children and youth of today to get a good education, employment, good housing, and the same welfare as today. Purpose: Study attitudes and behaviors that are linked to local and regional issues and phenomena Detta är den femte studien i serien SOM-undersökningar genomförda i Västsverige. Brevenkäten var indelad i sex frågeområden: Massmedier; Politik och samhälle; Göteborgs kommun; Trafik och miljö; Fritid; samt Bakgrundsfrågor. Personer bosatta i Göteborgs kommun fick även ange inställning till åtta kommunala politiker samt om man känner till vilken stadsdelsnämnd man tillhör. De flesta frågorna är ställda i en eller flera tidigare Väst-SOM. Nya frågeställningar i 1996 års undersökning tar upp: tankar på att upphöra med tidningsprenumeration; vanor när det gäller TV-tittande; inställning till hur demokratin fungerar i Sverige som helhet samt i den egna kommunen; vilka möjligheter man anser sig ha att vid behov påverka verksamheten inom: hälso- och sjukvård, barnomsorg, skola, äldreomsorg, fritid/kultur, planfrågor och socialtjänsten; om man försökt påverka någon kommunal eller landstingskommunal verksamhet senaste året. Respondenten fick även ange i vilken utsträckning det går att lita på människor i allmänhet samt hur nöjd man är med det liv man lever. Ett antal nyinsatta frågor behandlade hur viktigt man ansåg olika satsningar på utbildnings- och forskningsområden är för Göteborgs och Göteborgsregionens framtida utveckling, samt om responden genom studier/arbete eller på något annat sätt kommit i kontakt med Chalmers, delar av Göteborgs universitet eller annan utbildningsorganisation. Respondenter bosatta i Göteborgs kommun fick ta ställning till ett antal påståenden om trafiksituationen i Göteborg. Därutöver ställdes frågor om medlemskap och aktivitet i olika föreningar. Respondenterna fick även ange om de själva eller någon familjemedlem drabbats av det försämrade läget på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Avslutningsvis fick man bedöma möjligheterna för dagens barn och ungdomar att i framtiden kunna få god utbildning, fast anställning, bra bostad och samma välfärd som idag. Syfte: Studera attityder och beteenden som är knutna till lokala och regionala frågor och företeelser Probability: Simple random Sannolikhetsurval: obundet slumpmässigt urval Probability Sannolikhetsurval Self-administered questionnaire: paper Självadministrerat frågeformulär: papper