The typical American picture of a family with 2.5 kids might not be as relevant as it once was: In 2023, there was an average of 1.94 children under 18 per family in the United States. This is a decrease from 2.33 children under 18 per family in 1960.

Familial structure in the United States

If there’s one thing the United States is known for, it’s diversity. Whether this is diversity in ethnicity, culture, or family structure, there is something for everyone in the U.S. Two-parent households in the U.S. are declining, and the number of families with no children are increasing. The number of families with children has stayed more or less constant since 2000.

Adoptions in the U.S.

Families in the U.S. don’t necessarily consist of parents and their own biological children. In 2021, around 35,940 children were adopted by married couples, and 13,307 children were adopted by single women.

In 2023, the around 11.1 percent of the population was living below the national poverty line in the United States. Poverty in the United StatesAs shown in the statistic above, the poverty rate among all people living in the United States has shifted within the last 15 years. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) defines poverty as follows: “Absolute poverty measures poverty in relation to the amount of money necessary to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. The concept of absolute poverty is not concerned with broader quality of life issues or with the overall level of inequality in society.” The poverty rate in the United States varies widely across different ethnic groups. American Indians and Alaska Natives are the ethnic group with the most people living in poverty in 2022, with about 25 percent of the population earning an income below the poverty line. In comparison to that, only 8.6 percent of the White (non-Hispanic) population and the Asian population were living below the poverty line in 2022. Children are one of the most poverty endangered population groups in the U.S. between 1990 and 2022. Child poverty peaked in 1993 with 22.7 percent of children living in poverty in that year in the United States. Between 2000 and 2010, the child poverty rate in the United States was increasing every year; however,this rate was down to 15 percent in 2022. The number of people living in poverty in the U.S. varies from state to state. Compared to California, where about 4.44 million people were living in poverty in 2022, the state of Minnesota had about 429,000 people living in poverty.

This web map provides and in-depth look at school districts within the United States. Clicking on a school district in the map will reveal different statistics about each district in the pop-up. The statistics presented in this map are approximations based on summarizing American Community Survey(ACS) data using tract centroids. They may differ from published statistics by school districts found on data.census.gov. A few things you will learn from this map:How many public and private schools fall within a district?Socioeconomic factors about the Census Tracts which fall within the district:School enrollment for grades Kindergarten through 12thDisconnected children in the districtChildren living below the poverty level Children with no internet at home Children without a working parentRace/ethnicity breakdown of population under the age of 19 in the districtFor more information about the data sources:This map uses these hosted feature layers containing the most recent American Community Survey data. These layers are part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas, and are updated every year when the American Community Survey releases estimates, so values in the map always reflect the newest data available.Current School Districts Layer:The National Center for Education Statistics’ (NCES) Education Demographic and Geographic Estimate (EDGE) program develops annually updated school district boundary composite files that include public elementary, secondary, and unified school district boundaries clipped to the U.S. shoreline. School districts are single-purpose administrative units designed by state and local officials to organize and provide public education for local residents. District boundaries are collected for NCES by the U.S. Census Bureau to support educational research and program administration, and the boundaries are essential for constructing district-level estimates of the number of children in poverty.The Census Bureau’s School District Boundary Review program (SDRP) (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sdrp.html) obtains the boundaries, names, and grade ranges from state officials, and integrates these updates into Census TIGER. Census TIGER boundaries include legal maritime buffers for coastal areas by default, but the NCES composite file removes these buffers to facilitate broader use and cleaner cartographic representation. The NCES EDGE program collaborates with the U.S. Census Bureau’s Education Demographic, Geographic, and Economic Statistics (EDGE) Branch to develop the composite school district files. The inputs for this data layer were developed from Census TIGER/Line and represent the most current boundaries available. For more information about NCES school district boundary data, see https://nces.ed.gov/programs/edge/Geographic/DistrictBoundaries.Public Schools Layer:This Public Schools feature dataset is composed of all Public elementary and secondary education facilities in the United States as defined by the Common Core of Data (CCD, https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/ ), National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, https://nces.ed.gov ), US Department of Education for the 2017-2018 school year. This includes all Kindergarten through 12th grade schools as tracked by the Common Core of Data. Included in this dataset are military schools in US territories and referenced in the city field with an APO or FPO address. DOD schools represented in the NCES data that are outside of the United States or US territories have been omitted. This feature class contains all MEDS/MEDS+ as approved by NGA. Complete field and attribute information is available in the ”Entities and Attributes” metadata section. Geographical coverage is depicted in the thumbnail above and detailed in the Place Keyword section of the metadata. This release includes the addition of 3065 new records, modifications to the spatial location and/or attribution of 99,287 records, and removal of 2996 records not present in the NCES CCD data.Private Schools Layer:This Private Schools feature dataset is composed of private elementary and secondary education facilities in the United States as defined by the Private School Survey (PSS, https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/), National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, https://nces.ed.gov), US Department of Education for the 2017-2018 school year. This includes all prekindergarten through 12th grade schools as tracked by the PSS. This feature class contains all MEDS/MEDS+ as approved by NGA. Complete field and attribute information is available in the ”Entities and Attributes” metadata section. Geographical coverage is depicted in the thumbnail above and detailed in the Place Keyword section of the metadata. This release includes the addition of 2675 new records, modifications to the spatial location and/or attribution of 19836 records, the removal of 254 records no longer applicable. Additionally, 10,870 records were removed that previously had a STATUS value of 2 (Unknown; not represented in the most recent PSS data) and duplicate records identified by ORNL.Web Map originally owned by Summers Cleary

This data collection provides selected economic, social, demographic, and political information for 48 states of the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. Variables describe population characteristics, such as the number of adults aged 65 and over, the number of dentists and physicians, the number of patients in mental hospitals, the death rates of white and non-white infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births, respectively, the number of recipients of public assistance such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), elementary and secondary school enrollment, enrollment in vocational programs, the total number of students in higher education, the number of those conferred with M.A. and Ph.D. degrees, and the number of workers in research experiment stations. Other variables provide economic information, such as personal income per capita, average monthly payment per recipient of some public assistance programs, average salary per month for full-time state and local employees, state and local government revenues and expenditures, and various intergovernmental revenues from the federal government for certain services. Additional variables record crime statistics, such as the number of robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, assault, rape, and murder offenses per 100,000 of the population. There are also variables that give information on each state's topography, such as the acreage of state parks, total farm acreage, municipal road mileage, and total unsurfaced road mileage.

The graph illustrates the number of babies born in the United States from 1995 to 2025. The x-axis represents the years, labeled from '95 to '25, while the y-axis shows the annual number of births. Over this 30-year period, birth numbers peaked at 4,316,233 in 2007 and reached a low of 3,596,017 in 2023. The data reveals relatively stable birth rates from 1995 to 2010, with slight fluctuations, followed by a gradual decline starting around 2017. The information is presented in a line graph format, effectively highlighting the long-term downward trend in U.S. birth numbers over the specified timeframe.

THIS DATASET WAS LAST UPDATED AT 2:11 AM EASTERN ON JULY 23

OVERVIEW

2019 had the most mass killings since at least the 1970s, according to the Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings Database.

In all, there were 45 mass killings, defined as when four or more people are killed excluding the perpetrator. Of those, 33 were mass shootings . This summer was especially violent, with three high-profile public mass shootings occurring in the span of just four weeks, leaving 38 killed and 66 injured.

A total of 229 people died in mass killings in 2019.

The AP's analysis found that more than 50% of the incidents were family annihilations, which is similar to prior years. Although they are far less common, the 9 public mass shootings during the year were the most deadly type of mass murder, resulting in 73 people's deaths, not including the assailants.

One-third of the offenders died at the scene of the killing or soon after, half from suicides.

About this Dataset

The Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings database tracks all U.S. homicides since 2006 involving four or more people killed (not including the offender) over a short period of time (24 hours) regardless of weapon, location, victim-offender relationship or motive. The database includes information on these and other characteristics concerning the incidents, offenders, and victims.

The AP/USA TODAY/Northeastern database represents the most complete tracking of mass murders by the above definition currently available. Other efforts, such as the Gun Violence Archive or Everytown for Gun Safety may include events that do not meet our criteria, but a review of these sites and others indicates that this database contains every event that matches the definition, including some not tracked by other organizations.

This data will be updated periodically and can be used as an ongoing resource to help cover these events.

Using this Dataset

To get basic counts of incidents of mass killings and mass shootings by year nationwide, use these queries:

Mass killings by year

Mass shootings by year

To get these counts just for your state:

Filter killings by state

Definition of "mass murder"

Mass murder is defined as the intentional killing of four or more victims by any means within a 24-hour period, excluding the deaths of unborn children and the offender(s). The standard of four or more dead was initially set by the FBI.

This definition does not exclude cases based on method (e.g., shootings only), type or motivation (e.g., public only), victim-offender relationship (e.g., strangers only), or number of locations (e.g., one). The time frame of 24 hours was chosen to eliminate conflation with spree killers, who kill multiple victims in quick succession in different locations or incidents, and to satisfy the traditional requirement of occurring in a “single incident.”

Offenders who commit mass murder during a spree (before or after committing additional homicides) are included in the database, and all victims within seven days of the mass murder are included in the victim count. Negligent homicides related to driving under the influence or accidental fires are excluded due to the lack of offender intent. Only incidents occurring within the 50 states and Washington D.C. are considered.

Methodology

Project researchers first identified potential incidents using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Homicide incidents in the SHR were flagged as potential mass murder cases if four or more victims were reported on the same record, and the type of death was murder or non-negligent manslaughter.

Cases were subsequently verified utilizing media accounts, court documents, academic journal articles, books, and local law enforcement records obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. Each data point was corroborated by multiple sources, which were compiled into a single document to assess the quality of information.

In case(s) of contradiction among sources, official law enforcement or court records were used, when available, followed by the most recent media or academic source.

Case information was subsequently compared with every other known mass murder database to ensure reliability and validity. Incidents listed in the SHR that could not be independently verified were excluded from the database.

Project researchers also conducted extensive searches for incidents not reported in the SHR during the time period, utilizing internet search engines, Lexis-Nexis, and Newspapers.com. Search terms include: [number] dead, [number] killed, [number] slain, [number] murdered, [number] homicide, mass murder, mass shooting, massacre, rampage, family killing, familicide, and arson murder. Offender, victim, and location names were also directly searched when available.

This project started at USA TODAY in 2012.

Contacts

Contact AP Data Editor Justin Myers with questions, suggestions or comments about this dataset at jmyers@ap.org. The Northeastern University researcher working with AP and USA TODAY is Professor James Alan Fox, who can be reached at j.fox@northeastern.edu or 617-416-4400.

The 1994 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 6,128 women age 15-49 and 2,141 men age 15-54. The ZDHS was implemented by the Central Statistical Office (CSO), with significant technical guidance provided by the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MOH&CW) and the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council (ZNFPC). Macro International Inc. (U.S.A.) provided technical assistance throughout the course of the project in the context of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme, while financial assistance was provided by the U.S, Agency for International Development (USAID/Harare). Data collection for the ZDHS was conducted from July to November 1994. As in the 1988 ZDHS, the 1994 ZDHS was designed to provide information on levels and trends in fertility, family planning knowledge and use, infant and child mortality, and maternal and child health. How- ever, the 1994 ZDHS went further, collecting data on: compliance with contraceptive pill use, knowledge and behaviours related to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, and mortality related to pregnancy and childbearing (i.e., maternal mortality). The ZDHS data are intended for use by programme managers and policymakers to evaluate and improve family planning and health programmes in Zimbabwe. The primary objectives of the 1994 ZDHS were to provide up-to-date information on: fertility levels; nuptiality; sexual activity; fertility preferences; awareness and use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; nutritional status of mothers and young children; early childhood mortality and maternal mortality; maternal and child health, and awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The 1994 ZDHS is a follow-up of the 1988 ZDHS, also implemented by CSO. While significantly expanded in scope, the 1994 ZDHS provides updated estimates of basic demographic and health indicators covered in the earlier survey. MAIN RESULTS FERTILITY Survey results show that Zimbabwe has experienced a fairly rapid decline in fertility over the past decade. Despite the decline in fertility, childbearing still begins early for many women. One in five women age 15-19 has begun childbearing (i.e., has already given birth or is pregnant with her first child). More than half of women have had a child before age 20. Births that occur too soon after a previous birth face higher risks of undemutrition, illness, and death. The 1994 ZDHS indicates that 12 percent of births in Zimbabwe take place less than two years after a prior birth. Marriage. The age at which women and men marry has risen slowly over the past 20 years. Nineteen percent of currently married women are in a polygynous union (i.e., their husband has at least one other wife). This represents a small rise in polygyny since the 1988 ZDHS when 17 percent of married women were in polygynous unions. Fertility Preferences. Around one-third of both women and men in Zimbabwe want no more children. The survey results show that, of births in the last three years, 1 in 10 was unwanted and in 1 in three was mistimed. If all unwanted births were avoided, the fertility rate in Zimbabwe would fall from 4.3 to 3.5 children per woman. FAMILY PLANNING Knowledge and use of family planning in Zimbabwe has continued to rise over the last several years. The 1994 ZDHS shows that virtually all married women (99 percent) and men (100 percent) were able to cite at least one modem method of contraception. Contraceptive use varies widely among geographic and socioeconomic subgroups. Fifty-eight per- cent of married women in Harare are using a modem method versus 28 percent in Manicaland. Government-sponsored providers remain the chief source of contraceptive methods in Zimbabwe. Survey results show that 15 percent of married women have an unmet need for family planning (either for spacing or limiting births). CHILDHOOD MORTALITY One of the main objectives of the ZDHS was to document the levels and trends in mortality among children under age five. The 1994 ZDHS results show that child survival prospects have not improved since the late 1980s. The ZDHS results show that childhood mortality is especially high when associated with two factors: short preceding birth interval and low level of maternal education. MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH Utilisation of antenatal services is high in Zimbabwe; in the three years before the survey, mothers received antenatal care for 93 percent of births. About 70 percent of births take place in health facilities; however, this figure varies from around 53 percent in Manicaland and Mashonaland Central to 94 percent in Bulawayo. It is important for the health of both the mother and child that trained medical personnel are available in cases of prolonged or obstructed delivery, which are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Twenty-four percent of children under age three were reported to have had diarrhoea in the two weeks preceding the survey. Nutrition. Almost all children (99 percent) are breastfed for some period of time; When food supplementation begins, wide disparity exists in the types of food received by children in different geographic and socioecoaomic groups. Generally, children living in urban areas (Harare and Bulawayo, in particular) and children of more educated women receive protein-rich foods (e.g., meat, eggs, etc.) on a more regular basis than other children. AIDS AIDS-related Knowledge and Behaviour. All but a fraction of Zimbabwean women and men have heard of AIDS, but the quality of that knowledge is sometimes poor. Condom use and limiting the number of sexual partners were cited most frequently by both women and men as ways to avoid the AIDS Virus. While general knowledge of condoms is nearly universal among both women and men, when asked where they could get a condom, 30 Percent of women and 20 percent of men could not cite a single source.

Abstract

The 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 7,881 wo 881 women age 15-49 and 3,407 men age 15-54. The KDHS was implemented by the National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) and the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), with significant technical and logistical support provided by the Ministry of Health and various other governmental and nongovernmental organizations in Kenya. Macro International Inc. of Calverton, Maryland (U.S.A.) provided technical assistance throughout the course of the project in the context of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme, while financial assistance was provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID/Nairobi) and the Department for International Development (DFID/U.K.). Data collection for the KDHS was conducted from February to July 1998. Like the previous KDHS surveys conducted in 1989 and 1993, the 1998 KDHS was designed to provide information on levels and trends in fertility, family planning knowledge and use, infant and child mortality, and other maternal and child health indicators. However, the 1998 KDHS went further to collect more in-depth data on knowledge and behaviours related to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), detailed “calendar” data that allows estimation of contraceptive discontinuation rates, and information related to the practice of female circumcision. Further, unlike earlier surveys, the 1998 KDHS provides a national estimate of the level of maternal mortality (i.e. related to pregnancy and childbearing).The KDHS data are intended for use by programme managers and policymakers to evaluate and improve health and family planning programmes in Kenya. Fertility. The survey results demonstrate a continuation of the fertility transition in Kenya. At current fertility levels, a Kenyan women will bear 4.7 children in her life, down 30 percent from the 1989 KDHS when the total fertility rate (TFR) was 6.7 children, and 42 percent since the 1977/78 Kenya Fertility Survey (KFS) when the TFR was 8.1 children per woman. A rural woman can expect to have 5.2 children, around two children more than an urban women (3.1 children). Fertility differentials by women's education level are even more remarkable; women with no education will bear an average of 5.8 children, compared to 3.5 children for women with secondary school education. Marriage. The age at which women and men first marry has risen slowly over the past 20 years. Currently, women marry for the first time at an average age of 20 years, compared with 25 years for men. Women with a secondary education marry five years later (22) than women with no education (17).The KDHS data indicate that the practice of polygyny continues to decline in Kenya. Sixteen percent of currently married women are in a polygynous union (i.e., their husband has at least one other wife), compared with 19 percent of women in the 1993 KDHS, 23 percent in the 1989 KDHS, and 30 percent in the 1977/78 KFS. While men first marry an average of 5 years later than women, men become sexual active about onehalf of a year earlier than women; in the youngest age cohort for which estimates are available (age 20-24), first sex occurs at age 16.8 for women and 16.2 for men. Fertility Preferences. Fifty-three percent of women and 46 percent of men in Kenya do not want to have any more children. Another 25 percent of women and 27 percent of men would like to delay their next child for two years or longer. Thus, about three-quarters of women and men either want to limit or to space their births. The survey results show that, of all births in the last three years, 1 in 10 was unwanted and 1 in 3 was mistimed. If all unwanted births were avoided, the fertility rate in Kenya would fall from 4.7 to 3.5 children per woman. Family Planning. Knowledge and use of family planning in Kenya has continued to rise over the last several years. The 1998 KDHS shows that virtually all married women (98 percent) and men (99 percent) were able to cite at least one modern method of contraception. The pill, condoms, injectables, and female sterlisation are the most widely known methods. Overall, 39 percent of currently married women are using a method of contraception. Use of modern methods has increased from 27 in the 1993 KDHS to 32 percent in the 1998 KDHS. Currently, the most widely used methods are contraceptive injectables (12 percent of married women), the pill (9 percent), female sterilisation (6 percent), and periodic abstinence (6 percent). Three percent of married women are using the IUD, while over 1 percent report using the condom and 1 percent use of contraceptive implants (Norplant). The rapid increase in use of injectables (from 7 to 12 percent between 1993 and 1998) to become the predominant method, plus small rises in the use of implants, condoms and female sterilisation have more than offset small decreases in pill and IUD use. Thus, both new acceptance of contraception and method switching have characterised the 1993-1998 intersurvey period. Contraceptive use varies widely among geographic and socioeconomic subgroups. More than half of currently married women in Central Province (61 percent) and Nairobi Province (56 percent) are currently using a method, compared with 28 percent in Nyanza Province and 22 percent in Coast Province. Just 23 percent of women with no education use contraception versus 57 percent of women with at least some secondary education. Government facilities provide contraceptives to 58 percent of users, while 33 percent are supplied by private medical sources, 5 percent through other private sources, and 3 percent through community-based distribution (CBD) agents. This represents a significant shift in sourcing away from public outlets, a decline from 68 percent estimated in the 1993 KDHS. While the government continues to provide about two-thirds of IUD insertions and female sterilisations, the percentage of pills and injectables supplied out of government facilities has dropped from over 70 percent in 1993 to 53 percent for pills and 64 percent for injectables in 1998. Supply of condoms through public sector facilities has also declined: from 37 to 21 percent between 1993 and 1998. The survey results indicate that 24 percent of married women have an unmet need for family planning (either for spacing or limiting births). This group comprises married women who are not using a method of family planning but either want to wait two year or more for their next birth (14 percent) or do not want any more children (10 percent). While encouraging that unmet need at the national level has declined (from 34 to 24 percent) since 1993, there are parts of the country where the need for contraception remains high. For example, the level of unmet need is higher in Western Province (32 percent) and Coast Province (30 province) than elsewhere in Kenya. Early Childhood Mortality. One of the main objectives of the KDHS was to document current levels and trends in mortality among children under age 5. Results from the 1998 KDHS data make clear that childhood mortality conditions have worsened in the early-mid 1990s; this after a period of steadily improving child survival prospects through the mid-to-late 1980s. Under-five mortality, the probability of dying before the fifth birthday, stands at 112 deaths per 1000 live births which represents a 24 percent increase over the last decade. Survival chances during age 1-4 years suffered disproportionately: rising 38 percent over the same period. Survey results show that childhood mortality is especially high when associated with two factors: a short preceding birth interval and a low level of maternal education. The risk of dying in the first year of life is more than doubled when the child is born after an interval of less than 24 months. Children of women with no education experience an under-five mortality rate that is two times higher than children of women who attended secondary school or higher. Provincial differentials in childhood mortality are striking; under-five mortality ranges from a low of 34 deaths per 1000 live births in Central Province to a high of 199 per 1000 in Nyanza Province. Maternal Health. Utilisation of antenatal services is high in Kenya; in the three years before the survey, mothers received antenatal care for 92 percent of births (Note: These data do not speak to the quality of those antenatal services). The median number of antenatal visits per pregnancy was 3.7. Most antenatal care is provided by nurses and trained midwives (64 percent), but the percentage provided by doctors (28 percent) has risen in recent years. Still, over one-third of women who do receive care, start during the third trimester of pregnancy-too late to receive the optimum benefits of antenatal care. Mothers reported receiving at least one tetanus toxoid injection during pregnancy for 90 percent of births in the three years before the survey. Tetanus toxoid is a powerful weapon in the fight against neonatal tetanus, a deadly disease that attacks young infants. Forty-two percent of births take place in health facilities; however, this figure varies from around three-quarters of births in Nairobi to around one-quarter of births in Western Province. It is important for the health of both the mother and child that trained medical personnel are available in cases of prolonged labour or obstructed delivery, which are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. The 1998 KDHS collected information that allows estimation of mortality related to pregnancy and childbearing. For the 10-year period before the survey, the maternal mortality ratio was estimated to be 590 deaths per 100,000 live births. Bearing on average 4.7 children, a Kenyan woman has a 1 in 36 chance of dying from maternal causes during her lifetime. Childhood Immunisation. The KDHS

Families of tax filers; Single-earner and dual-earner census families by number of children (final T1 Family File; T1FF).

The average for 2017 based on 65 countries was 1.8 kidnappings per 100,000 people. The highest value was in Belgium: 10.3 kidnappings per 100,000 people and the lowest value was in Bermuda: 0 kidnappings per 100,000 people. The indicator is available from 2003 to 2017. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The American Time Use Survey (ATUS) collects information on how people living in the United States spend their time. Data collected in this study measured the amount of time that people spent doing various activities in 2006, such as paid work, child care, religious activities, volunteering, and socializing. Respondents were interviewed only once about how they spent their time on the previous day, where they were, and whom they were with. An Eating and Health (EH) module was introduced in January 2006, which included questions related to eating, meal preparation, and health, all of which were asked after completion of the ATUS questions. Part 1, Respondent and Activity Summary File, contains demographic information about respondents and a summary of the total number of minutes they spent doing each activity that day. Part 2, Roster File, contains information about household members and nonhousehold children under the age of 18. Part 3, Activity File, includes additional information on activities in which respondents participated, including the location of each activity and the total time spent on secondary child care. Part 4, Who File, includes data on who was present during each activity. Part 5, ATUS-CPS 2006 File, contains data on respondents and members of their household collected during their participation in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Parts 6 and 7 correspond to the 2006 Eating and Health (EH) Module. Parts 8-12 contain supplemental data files that can be used for further analysis of the data. Part 8, Case History File, contains information about the interview process. Part 9, Call History File, gives information about each call attempt. Part 10, Trips File, provides information about the number, duration, and purpose of overnight trips away from home for two or more nights in a row in a given reference month. Parts 11 and 12 contain base weights, replicate base weights, and replicate final weights for each case that was selected to be interviewed for the ATUS. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, ethnicity, education level, income, employment status, occupation, citizenship status, country of origin, and household composition.

Abstract

The World Bank has launched a quick-deploying high-frequency phone-monitoring survey of households to generate near real-time insights on the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on households which hence to be used to support evidence-based response to the crisis. At a moment when all conventional modes of data collection have had to be suspended, a phone-based rapid data collection/tracking tool can generate large payoffs by helping identify affected populations across the vast archipelago as the contagion spreads, identify with a high degree of granularity the mechanisms of socio-economic impact, identify gaps in public policy response as the Government responds, generating insight that could be useful in scaling up or redirecting resources as necessary as the affected population copes and eventually regains economic footing.

Analysis unit

Household-level; Individual-level: household primary breadwinners, respondent, student, primary caregivers, and under-5 years old kids

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame of the Indonesia high-frequency phone-based monitoring of socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 on households was the list of households enumerated in three recent World Bank surveys, namely Urban Survey (US), Rural Poverty Survey (RPS), and Digital Economy Household Survey (DEHS). The US was conducted in 2018 with 3,527 sampled households living in the urban areas of 10 cities and 2 districts in 6 provinces. The RPS was conducted in 2019 with the sample size of 2,404 households living in rural areas of 12 districts in 6 provinces. The DEHS was conducted in 2020 with 3,107 sampled households, of which 2,079 households lived in urban areas and 1,028 households lived in rural areas in 26 districts and 31 cities within 27 provinces. Overall, the sampled households drawn from the three surveys across 40 districts and 35 cities in 27 provinces (out of 34 provinces). For the final sampling frame, six survey areas of the DEHS which were overlapped with the survey areas in the UPS were dropped from the sampling frame. This was done in order to avoid potential bias later on when calculating the weights (detailed below). The UPS was chosen to be kept since it had much larger samples (2,016 households) than that of the DEHS (265 households). Three stages of sampling strategies were applied. For the first stage, districts (as primary sampling unit (PSU)) were selected based on probability proportional to size (PPS) systematic sampling in each stratum, with the probability of selection was proportional to the estimated number of households based on the National Household Survey of Socio-economic (SUSENAS) 2019 data. Prior to the selection, districts were sorted by provincial code.

In the second stage, villages (as secondary sampling unit (SSU)) were selected systematically in each district, with probability of selection was proportional to the estimated number of households based on the Village Potential Census (PODES) 2018 data. Prior to the selection, villages were sorted by sub-district code. In the third stage, the number of households was selected systematically in each selected village. Prior to the selection, all households were sorted by implicit stratification, that is gender and education level of the head of households. If the primary selected households could not be contacted or refused to participate in the survey, these households were replaced by households from the same area where the non-response households were located and with the same gender and level of education of households’ head, in order to maintain the same distribution and representativeness of sampled households as in the initial design.

In the Round 8 survey where we focused on early nutrition knowledge and early child development, we introduced an additional respondent who is the primary caregiver of under 5 years old in the household. We prioritized the mother as the target of caregiver respondents. In households with multiple caregivers, one is randomly selected. Furthermore, only the under 5 children who were taken care of by the selected respondent will be listed in the early child development module.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The questionnaire in English is provided for download under the Documentation section.

Response rate

The HiFy survey was initially designed as a 5-round panel survey. By end of the fifth round, it is expected that the survey can maintain around 3,000 panel households. Based on the experience of phone-based, panel survey conducted previously in other study in Indonesia, the response rates were expected to be around 60 percent to 80 percent. However, learned from other similar surveys globally, response rates of phone-based survey, moreover phone-based panel survey, are generally below 50 percent. Meanwhile, in the case of the HiFy, information on some of households’ phone numbers was from about 2 years prior the survey with a potential risk that the targeted respondents might not be contactable through that provided numbers (already inactive or the targeted respondents had changed their phone numbers). With these considerations, the estimated response rate of the first survey was set at 60 percent, while the response rates of the following rounds were expected to be 80 percent. Having these assumptions and target, the first round of the survey was expected to target 5,100 households, with 8,500 households in the lists. The actual sample of households in the first round was 4,338 households or 85 percent of the 5,100 target households. However, the response rates in the following rounds are higher than expected, making the sampled households successfully interviewed in Round 2 were 4,119 (95% of Round 1 samples), and in Rounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were 4,067 (94%), 3,953 (91%), 3,686 (85%), 3,471 (80%), 3,435 (79%), 3,383 (78%) respectively. The number of balanced panel households up to Rounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are 3,981 (92%), 3,794 (87%), 3,601 (83%), 3,320 (77%), 3,116 (72%), and 2,856 (66%) respectively.

In 2023 the poverty rate in the United States was highest among people between 18 and 24, with a rate of 16 percent for male Americans and a rate of 21 percent for female Americans. The lowest poverty rate for both men and women was for those aged between 45 and 54. What is the poverty line? The poverty line is a metric used by the U.S. Census Bureau to define poverty in the United States. It is a specific income level that is considered to be the bare minimum a person or family needs to meet their basic needs. If a family’s annual pre-tax income is below this income level, then they are considered impoverished. The poverty guideline for a family of four in 2021 was 26,500 U.S. dollars. Living below the poverty line According to the most recent data, almost one-fifth of African Americans in the United States live below the poverty line; the most out of any ethnic group. Additionally, over 7.42 million families in the U.S. live in poverty – a figure that has held mostly steady since 1990, outside the 2008 financial crisis which threw 9.52 million families into poverty by 2012. The poverty gender gap Wage inequality has been an ongoing discussion in U.S. discourse for many years now. The poverty gap for women is most pronounced during their child-bearing years, shrinks, and then grows again in old age. While progress has been made on the gender pay gap over the last 30 years, there are still significant disparities, even in occupations that predominantly employ men. Additionally, women are often having to spend more time attending to child and household duties than men.

In 2023, **** percent of Black people living in the United States were living below the poverty line, compared to *** percent of white people. That year, the total poverty rate in the U.S. across all races and ethnicities was **** percent. Poverty in the United States Single people in the United States making less than ****** U.S. dollars a year and families of four making less than ****** U.S. dollars a year are considered to be below the poverty line. Women and children are more likely to suffer from poverty, due to women staying home more often than men to take care of children, and women suffering from the gender wage gap. Not only are women and children more likely to be affected, racial minorities are as well due to the discrimination they face. Poverty data Despite being one of the wealthiest nations in the world, the United States had the third highest poverty rate out of all OECD countries in 2019. However, the United States' poverty rate has been fluctuating since 1990, but has been decreasing since 2014. The average median household income in the U.S. has remained somewhat consistent since 1990, but has recently increased since 2014 until a slight decrease in 2020, potentially due to the pandemic. The state that had the highest number of people living below the poverty line in 2020 was California.

Abstract

The survey MICS, carried out by the National Statistics Office (INE), with technical and financial support from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) provides new data which serves to establish a representative information base on health, nutrition, water, hygiene and sanitation, education, and demography, amongst others. In the first place we intend these statistics to enable us to up-date the statistical base line on the conditions of the Angolan population. In the future it will be used by the many sectors already mentioned in the regular tasks of planning, programming, monitoring and evaluation. This survey is the first operation and most extensive of its kind to collect and up-date data to be carried out in the country as a whole since Independence, and as such we believe that it will fulfil this objective. Secondly, the results presented here can be used as a point of departure for more detailed studies, which could contribute to a better understanding of the causes which determine the living conditions of the population, and for the better definition of programmes and policies which favour the child, other vulnerable groups and the most disadvantaged. To further these objectives, INE will be able to make the database available to interested parties in order to facilitate more specific research.

Geographic coverage

The survey was national, including all the country's provinces, urban and rural areas, areas administered, and at that time, controlled by the Government or by UNITA.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Interviews were carried out in 4,337 households during the fieldwork stage, which lasted from August-December 1996.

The sampling plan for MICS was intended to obtain a multiple purpose sample to be applied in 6 extended regions, defined as the research areas, on the basis of, on the one hand a UNICEF interventionist plan in Angola, and on the other hand, taking into consideration their geographical features.

From this sample it was possible to obtain estimates at the national level and at the level of the six geographically defined regions. Estimates at a more disaggregated level were not advisable, otherwise running the risk of losing the representative nature of the results.

Due to the war situation the country was facing factors, such as a displaced population and difficult access to certain localities. The last population census dates from 1983-84. Apart from the fact that these data are out of date, they only refer to a part of the country. For this reason, all the information available was used, and from various sources, to construct the Sampling Frame in order to select Primary Sampling Units (P.S.U.). Sources such as the Electoral Register/Census of 1992, information from the Ministry of Territorial Administration (MAT) the Provincial Governments and the social and economic provincial profiles prepared for the donors' round table in Brussels in 1995 for UNDP were used.

With the exception of the first stratum of the region "Capital C" (constituted by the Province of Luanda) the sampling of selected families for the research was probabilistic with 3 selection stages. In each region a potentially self-weighted sample of households was selected, though this characteristic self-weighting could be lost due to various factors, especially variations in population estimates.

The unit used in the first stage (PSU) was the "comuna" (the smallest administrative area in Angola) whose selection within each region was made independently, systematically and with probability proportional to the estimated size of the population.

The village in the rural areas or the neighbourhood in the urban areas constitutes the unit used in the second stage (SSU) and its selection was made without replacement and from a list of villages, which were accessible and based on information collected by regional co-ordinators. Thus, the selection was generally proportional to the number of inhabitants in the villages. In some cases (absence of population information) the treatment was: 1. When no information was available concerning the people of the village, the selection was made on a simple random basis (enumeration method); 2. When a list of villages did not exist or any information concerning its or their population (inhabitants) selection was made randomly from a point on the map, after it had been divided into 20 parts. (Map method) Finally, the family constituted the Third Stage Unit (TSU) and its selection was without replacement and with equal probability within each selected village. The method used by PAV (Extended Vaccination Programme) was applied to barrios or neighbourhoods outside Luanda. This method consists in spinning a bottle to select a random direction. Following this the first family surveyed is randomly selected in this direction. The other families are those closest to the first.

In the case of Luanda, the sample was probabilistic with two selection stages. The unit used in the first stage was the census section in the Demographic Census of 1983/84, updated when the Priority Survey on Household Living Conditions was carried out in 1995 (IPCVD) by INE. The selection of primary sampling units was made independently and systematically with probability proportional to the number of dwellings. The secondary sampling unit was the family, whose selection was without replacement and with equal probability within each selection made. The selection of families in Luanda was made using a complete list of families taken from the selected census section.

The final probability of selection for each household is obtained from the product of the probabilities at each selection stage. The analysis of the weighted results was used to facilitate national and regional estimates and in order to correct the information used in the selection of PSUs and SSUs in the next selection stage.

The sample size was defined with a level of confidence of 95% to estimate the proportion of variable keys for the research based on information available to UNICEF. The level of precision was 5%, with the exception of some variables linked to breast-feeding in which more limited age-groups were used. In these cases the level of precision used was 8%.

The estimation of the necessary sample size was made separately for each of these key variables. Quite different sizes were obtained for the sample from each of the variables, having in the end to opt for the largest size. This confers a higher level of accuracy on the other variables than that originally expected. Or, that is to say, estimates can be obtained from the survey data with a maximum error of plus or minus 5%, with the exception of those variables related to breast-feeding where the maximum error was plus or minus 8%.

The "Design Effect" (Deff) is a factor used to adjust the variance obtained from a complex sampling design using clusters with the variance of a simple random sample.

In the definition of the sample, size 2 was assumed as the lowest value and 10 as the highest, using the highest value only in the case of Water and Sanitation.

In the analysis of data the confidence intervals of 95% were calculated for the main indicators using Program Epi Info 6, which calculates the value of DEFF directly from the data, . The sample size was fixed at 4,410 families distributed equally among the six regions, resulting in a sample of 735 families, 21 primary units (PSUs) and 21 secondary units (SSUs) for each of the six regions. In this way in each secondary unit selected, 35 families were chosen.

In summary, the size of the national sample was defined in: (21 clusters per region) X (35 families per cluster) X (6 regions) = 4,410 families.

Sampling deviation

MICS is the first survey since the country's independence to be carried out on a national scale.During its implementation it was necessary to call on the co-operation and help of a large number of organisations in order to overcome a whole series of political and logistic difficulties.

In spite of this help it was not always possible to reach the selected “comunas” and in some cases it was not possible to have access to all the villages which constitute the “comuna”. This lack of access was generally due to mines, collapsed bridges or lack of security.

Initially a total of 28 “comunas” were selected, however, these were in fact inaccessible. They were replaced respectively by those that were nearest and accessible, the term “nearest” having been defined as the distance between the main towns and villages of the “comuna”. The replacement of inaccessible “comunas” served to maintain the size of the sample for each region, where the nearest “comuna” was used to try and represent what had been rejected or replaced.

Obviously the situation of these replaced “comunas” will be different or probably worse than the situation of those used to replace them.

This leads us to say that the estimates arrived at as a result of the survey cannot represent the whole Angolan population and the regions, but only the population that was accessible. In the results analysis it was possible to use "weightings" in order to try and make adjustments to represent approximate numbers, as part of the population was inaccessible, but it was never possible to get exact information about this same population. All the data should be seen in this light.

However, if it is considered that the population of these “comunas” might have been overestimated on the basis of the survey, and that some of them were practically under-populated, then we can estimate the proportion of the initial sample that was lost as between 10-20%. We found that the regions with greatest access problems were those to the East and

In 2024, children in the United Kingdom spent an average of *** minutes per day on TikTok. This was followed by Instagram, as children in the UK reported using the app for an average of ** minutes daily. Children in the UK aged between four and 18 years also used Facebook for ** minutes a day on average in the measured period. Mobile ownership and usage among UK children In 2021, around ** percent of kids aged between eight and 11 years in the UK owned a smartphone, while children aged between five and seven having access to their own device were approximately ** percent. Mobile phones were also the second most popular devices used to access the web by children aged between eight and 11 years, as tablet computers were still the most popular option for users aged between three and 11 years. Children were not immune to the popularity acquired by short video format content in 2020 and 2021, spending an average of ** minutes per day engaging with TikTok, as well as over ** minutes on the YouTube app in 2021. Children data protection In 2021, ** percent of U.S. parents and ** percent of UK parents reported being slightly concerned with their children’s device usage habits. While the share of parents reporting to be very or extremely concerned was considerably smaller, children are considered among the most vulnerable digital audiences and need additional attention when it comes to data and privacy protection. According to a study conducted during the first quarter of 2022, ** percent of children’s apps hosted in the Google Play Store and ** percent of apps hosted in the Apple App Store transmitted users’ locations to advertisers. Additionally, ** percent of kids’ apps were found to collect persistent identifiers, such as users’ IP addresses, which could potentially lead to Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) violations in the United States. In the United Kingdom, companies have to take into account several obligations when considering online environments for children, including an age-appropriate design and avoiding sharing children’s data.

The child mortality rate in the United States, for children under the age of five, was 462.9 deaths per thousand births in 1800. This means that for every thousand babies born in 1800, over 46 percent did not make it to their fifth birthday. Over the course of the next 220 years, this number has dropped drastically, and the rate has dropped to its lowest point ever in 2020 where it is just seven deaths per thousand births. Although the child mortality rate has decreased greatly over this 220 year period, there were two occasions where it increased; in the 1870s, as a result of the fourth cholera pandemic, smallpox outbreaks, and yellow fever, and in the late 1910s, due to the Spanish Flu pandemic.

In 2023, around 85 percent of infants in the United States were being breastfed at discharge from the hospital, highlighting a strong trend towards early breastfeeding. This statistic shows select medical and health characteristics of mothers during pregnancy and birth in the United States in 2023.

Maternal health and birth characteristics The data reveals that 59.7 percent of delivering mothers in the U.S. were overweight or obese in 2023, a concerning statistic for maternal health. Additionally, 32.3 percent of births were via cesarean delivery, while only 1.5 percent were home births. Home birth rates vary by state, with Idaho having the highest at 4.7 percent. Despite the low overall rate of home births, some women choose this option for reasons including less medical intervention, location preference, cost, and cultural or religious factors. Declining birth rates and changing demographics The overall birth rate in the United States has been steadily declining over the past few decades. In 2022, there were 11 births per 1,000 population, down from 16.7 in 1990. This decline is influenced by various factors, including financial concerns and increased focus on careers among women. Interestingly, birth rates vary significantly across different ethnic groups, with Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women having the highest birth rates, while Asian and white women have the lowest.

In 2023, 62,685 duplicate victims of child abuse experienced physical abuse only in the United States, while 44,355 experienced sexual abuse only. The most common type of child abuse reported in that year was neglect, totaling 377,742 duplicate victims of neglect nationwide. However, not all U.S. states reported child abuse data in 2023, meaning figures may be incomplete.