Slope-Area Index (SAI) is used to predict erosion along a stream channel. It is a function of channel slope, and drainage area upstream raised to the exponent used in equations for flood frequency of 2-percent exceedance floods. The guidelines for use of the coefficient from 2-percent exceedance came from meetings with cooperators describing bankfull discharge as a 2-percent exceedance. The Slope-Area Index, as defined by Cartwright and Diehl, 2017, is calculated as: SAI = S * A^b (1) where SAI is the slope-area index, S is the channel slope, A is the drainage area (the number of cells draining into the target cell), and b is a user-specified exponent. The flood frequency report for NC (Weaver and others, 2009) defines the regional regression equations for exceedance flows for rural basins in the Southeast. The 2-percent chance exceedance flow raises the Drainage Area uses a 0.60 coefficient for all the physiographic provinces other than Small Urban basins in the Piedmont. The Urban equations drainage area coefficients for 2-percent exceedance flow (Feaster and others, 2014) were used for Piedmont (HLR2) urban basins. Urban basins were defined as catchments which were greater than 10% developed (urban). For piedmont (HLR2, small urban le 3 dasqmi and pcturb gt 10%) SAI = slope*da^0.8 For piedmont (HLR2, small urban dasqmi gt 3 and le 436 and pcturb ge 10%) SAI = slope * da^.5

This dataset contains site information and results of flood-frequency analysis for 139 urban streamflow gaging stations (streamgages) operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Tennessee and parts of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Developed imperviousness in the basins, based on the 2011 National Land Cover Database, was at least 10 percent (Homer and others, 2015). Drainage areas of the streamgage basins ranged from 0.15 - 161 square miles. Annual peak-flow data from the 1947 - 2022 water years were used in the study (U.S. Geological Survey, 2024). Peak-flow (.pkf), specification (.psf), output (.PRT), and export (.EXP) files from flood-frequency analysis in USGS PeakFQ software (Veilleux and others, 2014; Flynn and others, 2006) are provided. Site information and results of flood-frequency analysis are provided in .csv format.

This data release contains a dataset of geospatial and tabular data used in support of a flood-frequency study of urban streams in Tennessee and parts of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina (Wagner and Ladd, 2024b). The dataset includes data used in the development of generalized least-squares (GLS) regression equations for predicting streamflows at ungaged locations in the study area corresponding to 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities. Included in the dataset are shapefiles of the streamgage basins and outlets used in the study packaged in a zip file (TNurbanFFreq_Basins and TNurbanFFreq_Outlets feature classes in TNurbanFFreq_Basins_and_Outlets.zip), three rasters in tiff format developed for calculation of basin characteristics packaged in a zip file (nlcd2011_developed_percent.tif, piedmont_eco_lvl3_percent.tif, and ridge_and_valley_eco_lvl3_percent.tif in Basin_Characteristic_Rasters.zip), and a table in csv format listing the basin characteristics that were tested as explanatory variables for development of the regression equations (BasinCharsTested.csv). The data contained in the shapefiles of basin polygons and outlet locations for streamgages used in the flood-frequency analysis were derived from various sources (Falcone, 2011; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Geological Survey, 2012; U.S. Geological Survey, 2019) further described in the Entity and Attribute section information in this metadata document related to the TNurbanFFreq_Basins.shp shapefile. The table from this data release listing the basin characteristics tested as explanatory variables predominately includes characteristics that were not used in the final GLS regression equations. The variables used in the final equations were drainage area, the percentage of developed land from the 2011 National Land Cover Database (NLCD; Homer and others, 2015; Dewitz and U.S. Geological Survey, 2021), and the percentages of land within the Piedmont level 3 ecoregion and the Ridge and Valley level 3 ecoregion (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2013). The 3 rasters included in this data release represent the percentage of developed land derived from the 2011 NLCD and the percentages of land within the Piedmont level 3 ecoregion and the Ridge and Valley level 3 ecoregion.

This dataset contains results of generalized least-squares (GLS) regression for 136 streamflow gaging stations (streamgages) operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on urban streams in Tennessee and parts of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina. GLS regression was used to relate drainage area, percentages of the drainage basins of the streamgages in developed land use (the sum of classes 21-24 from the 2011 NLCD; Homer and others, 2015), and the percentages of the streamgage basins in the Piedmont and Ridge and Valley level 3 (L3) ecoregions (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010) to previously published estimates of streamflows corresponding to the 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, and 0.002 annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs; Wagner and Ladd, 2024). From this regression, equations were developed that can be used to predict streamflows corresponding to the eight selected AEPs at ungaged locations on urban streams (percent developed imperviousness greater than 10%; Homer and others, 2015) in the study area. Standard errors of prediction ranged from 35.8 percent for the 0.2 AEP (the 5-year flood) to 55.4 percent for the 0.002 AEP (the 500-year flood). GLS regression was conducted using version 3.0 of USGS weighted regression (WREG) software (Farmer, 2019; Eng and others, 2009); input and output files from WREG are provided. USGS site information, values of the five basin characteristics, at-site estimates of the selected AEPs and their variances (from Wagner and Ladd, 2024), GLS estimates of the selected AEPs and their variances, weighted estimates of the selected AEPs and their variances and associated 95-percent confidence limits (see Appendix 9, "Weighting of Independent Estimates", in England and others, 2019), and the residual, leverage, and influence values from GLS regression are provided in CSV format ("GLSresults.csv"). A table of the final GLS regression equations for each AEP and their associated performance metrics is also provided in CSV format ("RegressionEquations.csv"). The following input files for USGS WREG software are located in the "WREG_input" directory within the "WREG_input.zip" folder: a text file of basin characteristics for all 136 selected streamgages in the study area ("SiteInfo.txt") and a PeakFQ output (.PRT) and export (.EXP) file for each streamgage, located in the "PeakFQ" subdirectory. The following eight WREG output files, located in the "GLS_output" folder within the "GLS_output.zip" directory, are in sub-directories for each of the 8 selected AEPs: "coef.txt," "CoVarMat.txt," "FitandResid.txt," "modelInput.txt," "outputRaw.rda," "PerformanceMetrics.txt," "ResLevInf.txt," and "Weighting.txt."

Abstract

The 1993 KMPS was carried out under the direction of researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Paragon Research International, Inc., and the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.3 The government of the Kyrgyz Republic has recently established an open access policy in regards to the data collected in the KMPS (for details, see appendix A). The potential uses of this data set are quite broad given the multi-topic nature of the data and the fact that it was carried out at the national level.

The purpose of this paper is to provide detailed documentation of the KMPS in order to:

a) simplify its use for potential users thereby lowering start-up costs to analysts; b) ensure that the procedures used in the design, implementation and initial analysis of the survey are chronicled accurately.

Such documentation will serve both to facilitate use of the data set and to prevent misuse of the data due to misunderstandings of the sample and/or field work procedures.

Geographic coverage

The whole country.

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Households
• Municipals

Universe

In this study, "household" was defined as a group of people who live together in a given domicile, who keep house together, and share common income and expenditures. Judging from the 1989 census, there were about 856'000 families containing 4'258'000 individuals living in Kyrgyzstan at that time and an average of about five members per family. The questionnaires are address to:

• Family in the households about their income and expenditures, and the health of all its members;
• Adult of the household from14 years and older, preferably privately;
• Children under the age of 14 years;
• Community abouts basic information on community services, infrastructure and economic structure;

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

According to the 1989 Census, there were about 856,000 families and 4,258,000 individuals living in the Kyrgyz Republic at that time (an average of about five members per family). Though the definition of 'household' used in the KMPS differs from the Census definition of 'family', this figure provided an estimate of the number of households from which the sample was to be drawn. Note that the sampling methodology assumes that any growth in the number of households since 1989 was equally distributed across regions. The target household sample size was 2,000. To allow for an estimated non-response rate of about five percent, a sample of 2,100 households was drawn. The actual number of completed household interviews was 1,938, reflecting a non response rate of 7.7 per cent. The response rate for individuals is more difficult to calculate, since some household members (eg. students under 18 studying elsewhere) could not be interviewed.

Sampling deviation

The sample is designed to be fully representative of all households in the Kyrgyz Republic in the second half of 1993. Stratification was based on information on the population provided in the 1989 Census (since results from the 1994 microcensus were not available at the time of the survey). A stratified, multi-stage sampling procedure was used, with the number of stages dependent on whether households were being drawn from urban or rural areas.13 The following is a brief description of the sampling process (summarized in table below).

                          Stages of the sampling process
                                            Non self-representing strata

Stage Self-representing strata Urban areas Rural areas 1st microcensus enumeration urban settlements rural settlements districts (cities) (villages) 2nd households microcensus household enumeration districts 3rd household

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Explanation of the five questionnaires of this study:

• The household questionnaire was administered to the person who best knew the business and concerns of the family, its income and expenditures, and the health of all its members. This respondent may not necessarily have been the head of the household, however the household questionnaire was not to be administered to a child.
• The adult individual questionnaire was administered personally to every member of the household 14 years and older, preferably privately. Interviewers were not permitted to fill out an adult questionnaire based on answers provided by another member of the household.
• The child individual questionnaire was completed for every member of the household under the age of 14 years. The questionnaire was administered to the adult member of the household who was responsible for caring for the child.
• The "Survey of Availability and Prices of Food Products and Fue"l contains three sections of information relating to retail outlets7 selling food products in the 'local area'8 of the households participating in the survey.
• Basic information on community services, infrastructure and economic structure were collected in this survey. A community, or 'immediate place of residence' is defined as the microcensus enumeration district in urban areas and the settlement (village) in rural areas. The survey includes preliminary identification data and details the raion, settlement identifier, microcensus enumeration district, date of survey and also the name of the person conducting the survey.

Cleaning operations

• The local supervisors were required to examine the questionnaires to locate problems which could be remedied in the field. Such problems included missing key demographic information and problem with household and individual identification numbers. All questionnaires were then sent to Bishkek, where they were again checked for identification number problems and then to Moscow, where yet another ID check was performed.

• Open-ended questions (eg. occupation and nationality questions) were not immediately coded. Instead, the responses were entered into the data set in text, to be coded at a later date. Codes for all open-ended questions except occupation were made available in midFebruary. Occupation codes were made available in June 1994.

• Data entry and verification of the household questionnaires was completed by a private data entry firm by January 25. All other data entry was handled in-house using the SPSS data program. The first entry of the 10,000 child and adult questionnaires began on December 20, 1993; the verification pass began on January 20 and was completed by February 2. Entry of the community and price surveys began in late January and was completed in two weeks.

Response rate

To allow for an estimated non-response rate of about five percent, a sample of 2,100 households was drawn. The actual number of completed household interviews was 1,938, reflecting a non response rate of 7.7 per cent. The response rate for individuals is more difficult to calculate, since some household members (eg. students under 18 studying elsewhere) could not be interviewed.