Graph and download economic data for Labor Force Participation Rate - Women (LNU01300002) from Jan 1948 to Aug 2025 about females, participation, civilian, labor force, 16 years +, labor, household survey, rate, and USA.

Labor force, female (% of total labor force) in Canada was reported at 47.35 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Canada - Labor force, female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

United Kingdom UK: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data was reported at 46.528 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 46.515 % for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 45.614 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 46.528 % in 2017 and a record low of 43.192 % in 1990. United Kingdom UK: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Labour Force. Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.; ; Derived using data from International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database and World Bank population estimates. Labor data retrieved in September 2018.; Weighted average; Data up to 2016 are estimates while data from 2017 are projections.

The average for 2024 based on 176 countries was 51.13 percent. The highest value was in Madagascar: 82.56 percent and the lowest value was in Yemen: 4.91 percent. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) in United States was reported at 84.17 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (national estimate) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Labor force, female (% of total labor force) in United States was reported at 45.59 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Labor force, female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Brazil: Female labor force participation rate: The latest value from 2024 is 53.03 percent, a decline from 53.21 percent in 2023. In comparison, the world average is 51.13 percent, based on data from 176 countries. Historically, the average for Brazil from 1990 to 2024 is 52.22 percent. The minimum value, 44.42 percent, was reached in 1990 while the maximum of 56.86 percent was recorded in 2005.

Graph and download economic data for Infra-Annual Labor Statistics: Labor Force Participation Rate Female: From 25 to 54 Years for United States (LRAC25FEUSM156S) from Jan 1955 to Aug 2025 about 25 to 54 years, females, participation, labor force, labor, rate, and USA.

Labor force, female (% of total labor force) in Kenya was reported at 47.19 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Kenya - Labor force, female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Brazil BR: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data was reported at 43.342 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 43.325 % for 2023. Brazil BR: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 42.032 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2024, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.596 % in 2019 and a record low of 34.754 % in 1990. Brazil BR: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Labour Force. Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.;World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Estimates are based on data obtained from International Labour Organization and United Nations Population Division.;Weighted average;

India: Female labor force participation rate: The latest value from 2024 is 32.8 percent, an increase from 31.24 percent in 2023. In comparison, the world average is 51.13 percent, based on data from 176 countries. Historically, the average for India from 1990 to 2024 is 30.43 percent. The minimum value, 26 percent, was reached in 2020 while the maximum of 34.85 percent was recorded in 2005.

Chad: Female labor force participation rate: The latest value from 2024 is 48.45 percent, a decline from 48.7 percent in 2023. In comparison, the world average is 51.13 percent, based on data from 176 countries. Historically, the average for Chad from 1990 to 2024 is 55.9 percent. The minimum value, 48.06 percent, was reached in 2020 while the maximum of 64.6 percent was recorded in 1992.

Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate is the proportion of female labor force participation relative to male labor force participation. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population ages 15 and older. The labor force is the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed.

Bangladesh BD: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data was reported at 36.941 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 36.668 % for 2023. Bangladesh BD: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 26.577 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2024, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.941 % in 2024 and a record low of 20.683 % in 1990. Bangladesh BD: Labour Force: Female: % of Total Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bangladesh – Table BD.World Bank.WDI: Labour Force. Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.;World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Estimates are based on data obtained from International Labour Organization and United Nations Population Division.;Weighted average;

Between 1970 and 1988, the share of women in the civilian workforce in the U.S. rose from 38 to 45 percent, whereas this figure remained fairly constant at just over 50 percent in the Soviet Union. In 1970 in the U.S., the service sector was the only where women made up a majority of the workforce; by 1988, women also made up a majority of the workforce in retail trade and the finance, insurance and real estate sector. In the Soviet Union, these were also the three sectors where women made up the largest share of the workforce.

When comparing both countries, the largest differences existed in the agriculture and construction industries; the share of women in the USSR's agricultural workforce was roughly three times larger than in the U.S. in 1970, and double in 1988; in construction the rate was almost six times higher in 1970, and three times higher in 1988. The reason for the differences decreasing over these years is due to the fact that women's share of the workforce in the U.S. grew across all industries, whereas women in the Soviet Union increasingly moved from jobs in the primary and tertiary sectors to those in service industries.

Labor force, female (% of total labor force) in World was reported at 40.24 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. World - Labor force, female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Labor force, female (% of total labor force) in Spain was reported at 46.98 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Labor force, female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Bangladesh: Female labor force participation rate: The latest value from 2024 is 44.15 percent, an increase from 43.71 percent in 2023. In comparison, the world average is 51.13 percent, based on data from 176 countries. Historically, the average for Bangladesh from 1990 to 2024 is 32.27 percent. The minimum value, 24.08 percent, was reached in 1990 while the maximum of 44.15 percent was recorded in 2024.

Abstract

This data is from a quantitative survey administered in 2023 to 2,000 married Nepali women and men from 4 provinces in the country about their own beliefs regarding norms-related behaviors, their expectations of how common it is for others in their social group to engage in those behaviors, and the expected social consequences surrounding those behaviors. It is the primary dataset used to author the working paper titled "Women’s Labor Force Participation in Nepal: An Exploration of The Role of Social Norms" - which presents rigorous evidence on whether and the extent to which social norms matter for women's labor force participation in Nepal.

Geographic coverage

The survey data includes a representative sample of households from 4 out of 7 provinces in Nepal: 1. Bagmati Province 2. Sudurpashchim Province 3. Madhesh Province 4. Gandaki Province

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The sampling frame is a list of all wards within each selected province.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Ward (cluster) selection: The sampling frame consisted of the list of all wards within each selected province. Each province comprises districts and within each district are municipalities (urban and rural municipalities) which are further broken down into wards – the smallest administrative units. The list of wards and their population figures were taken from the latest available 2021 Census. First, the universe of all districts was stratified by urban and rural to ensure greater statistical power for detecting differences between the 2 localities. The stratification by urban-rural proportionate to the population proportion of each group within a province resulted in a self-weighted sample, allowing for analysis of data at the province level and further at locality level within each province. To select the wards, a random start point was generated to negate any bias in the list and to provide an independent chance of selection from the list. The sampling method used here, probability proportionate to size (PPS), gives an independent chance of selection to each ward as per its population size, i.e., a higher chance of selection to wards with a higher population size.38 As a first step of random selection of wards, the cumulative frequency (CF) of the population of households in a ward was calculated. Since the unit of analysis for our study purpose was households having certain criteria and we expected the main outcome variables (social norms) to vary at household levels (as opposed to at an individual level), the household population figures served as the basis for sampling purpose (as opposed to the population size of individuals for a ward). Applying PPS, in the first step, the required number of wards were selected for Categories 1 and 2 households (households with working and non-working females respectively). Following this, the clusters allocated for Category 3 (households with migrant population) households were taken as a subset of the wards selected for Categories 1 and 2.

Selection of the random starting point within each ward during in-field random sampling of households: The selection of the random starting point within a PSU was done by the survey supervisors. For every ward, a predefined landmark for the starting point was chosen. The predefined landmark consisted of i) school, ii) health post, iii) central marketplace, or iv) ward office. The selection of a predefined landmark was the basis of the starting point which was made at the central office. The chosen landmark for every cluster was rotated to account for randomization and to avoid interviewer bias. Once the landmark was chosen, each enumerator used the spin-the-bottle method to randomize the direction in which the survey took place. After starting with a household, enumerators used a skip interval to survey every third household in rural and every fifth household in urban areas. Once the household was chosen, the interviewer used the screener to ascertain the eligibility as per the category quota set aside for them.

Respondent selection: The respondents were selected based on a screener instrument that surveyed the following factors: 1. Gender: Since the views about social norms and labor market outcomes vary by gender, both males and females within a household were interviewed. However, for households with migrant men, only the women were interviewed. 2. Age group: For all women, the screener was applied so as to ensure that only women within the economically active age range, i.e., between the ages of 18-59 years were interviewed. For spouses of female respondents, they had to be at least 18 years of age with no maximum age limit set. 3. Ethnicity: Nepal has more than a hundred ethnic groups residing across the country, and thus the major 8-10 groups are captured in the sample. The other objective of applying a screener for monitoring ethnic composition was to ensure that marginalized ethnic groups such as Dalits were sufficiently represented in the survey. 4. Marital Status: Only married men and women were interviewed since marriage and the responsibilities that come with are sown to impose greater social barriers and restrictions on mobility and work of females. 5. Location: The survey was carried out in both rural and urban locations in a total of 4 provinces. 6. General demographic factors include: • Perceived economic situation: Low to middle-income • It was ensured that both the respondents (male and female for Categories 1 and 2) and female respondent for Category 3 belonged to the second generation of the selected household (for example, not the in-laws residing in a household but their son and his wife.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (national estimate) in Brazil was reported at 53.1 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Brazil - Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (national estimate) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.