European countries are experiencing population decline and the tacit assumption in most analyses is that the decline may have detrimental welfare effects. In this paper we use a survey among the population in the Netherlands to discover whether population decline is always met with fear. A number of results stand out: population size preferences differ by geographic proximity: at a global level the majority of respondents favors a (global) population decline, but closer to home one supports a stationary population. Population decline is clearly not always met with fear: 31 percent would like the population to decline at the national level and they generally perceive decline to be accompanied by immaterial welfare gains (improvement environment) as well as material welfare losses (tax increases, economic stagnation). In addition to these driving forces it appears that the attitude towards immigrants is a very strong determinant at all geographical levels: immigrants seem to be a stronger fear factor than population decline. The data was collected from a Dutch household panel.

This dataset is about countries in Europe. It has 44 rows. It features 3 columns: proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments, and urban population.

Dataset replaced by: http://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/fxzwH5qqU5iplMua0M5TQ The indicator shows the percentage of the total population who declare that they are affected either by noise from neighbours or from outside.

This dataset is about countries per year in Western Europe. It has 576 rows. It features 4 columns: country, male population, and proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments.

This vector dataset shows the data of the number of people 75 years old or older in a number of cities across Europe. The data was obtained from Eurostat dataset of cities and greater cities and joined to the Urban Audit 2011-2014 cities' centroids.

Older people tend to be more affected by climate-related hazards, mainly heatwaves but also flooding. The number of older people and their poportion in the population should be considered in planning adaptation to climate change in order to design and implement appropriate actions.

The labour force participation rate is the percentage of economically active population aged 15-64 on the total population of the same age. According to the definitions of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) for the purposes of the labour market statistics people are classified as employed, unemployed and outside the labour force. The economically active population (also called labour force) is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Persons outside the labour force are those who, during the reference week, were neither employed nor unemployed. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is the three-year change in percentage points, with an indicative threshold of -0.2 pp. In the table, values are expressed also as percentage of total population. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private households.

apportionments_pop_2021_pred_2024.xlsx This is a dataset containing prediction apportionments of seats for the 2024 election of the European Parliament (EP). This prediction is based on population data from the 2021 census held by Eurostat. See our paper for the standard function, configurations of parameters, and d-rounding rules we used for calculation. Note: We recommend readers who are not so well informed about apportionment problems and rounding rules see https://www.census.gov/library/video/2021/what-is-apportionment.html or https://www.census.gov/history/www/reference/apportionment/methods_of_apportionment.html.

Data interpretations for this dataset are as follows. 4 worksheets: all: prediction apportionment results of all configurations under the assumption that the membership remains unchanged and the total number of seats is between 705 (current total number of seats) and 750 (statutory threshold). no_lose: prediction apportionment results under the following assumptions: (1) the membership remains unchanged; (2) any Member State does not lose any seats from the current distribution of seats; (3) and the total number of seats is between 705 and 750. increase_no_lose: prediction apportionment results under the following assumptions: (1) the membership remains unchanged; (2) any Member State with an increasing population does not lose any seats from the current distribution of seats; (3) and the total number of seats is between 705 and 750. response: prediction apportionment results under the following assumptions: (1) the membership remains unchanged; (2) any Member State with an increasing population does not lose any seats from the current distribution of seats while any Member State with a decreasing population does not gain seats; (3) and the total number of seats is between 705 and 750. Meanings of column names: State: name of Member State of the European Union p_2011: population data from the 2011 census (data source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/population-demography/population-housing-censuses/database) p_2021: population data from the 2021 census (data source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Population_and_housing_census_2021_-_population_grids&stable=1#Distribution_of_European_population) stat_2020: current distribution of seats in the EP (data source: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/eu-affairs/20180126STO94114/infographic-how-many-seats-does-each-country-get-in-in-the-european-parliament) other columns: composed in the order of "a", "gamma", "d-rounding rule", and "the total number of seats (S)".

indexes_pop_2021_pred_2024.csv This is a dataset presenting the extent of the PSI-based inequality index (index based on Population Seat Index) and the conventional PSP-based index (index based on the proportion of seats to population) of all prediction apportionments of seats for the 2024 election of the European Parliament (EP). This prediction is based on population data from the 2021 census held by Eurostat. See our paper for the standard function, configurations of parameters, and d-rounding rules used for calculation and the PSI-based index and PSP-based index used for evaluation. Data interpretations for this dataset are as follows. Meanings of column names: a: configuration of the standard function gamma: configuration of the standard function rounding: d-rounding rule used for obtaining a whole number S: the total number of seats in the prediction x_min: the minimum number of seats in the prediction apportionment x_max: the maximum number of seats in the prediction apportionment inequality index: maximum of PSI divided by minimum of PSI psp_max/psp_min: maximum of PSP divided by minimum of PSP

Dataset replaced by: http://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/N2RkNM4ALZgLvEvlfbGTeA Lifelong learning refers to persons aged 25 to 64 who stated that they received education or training in the four weeks preceding the survey (numerator). The denominator consists of the total population of the same age group, excluding those who did not answer to the question 'participation in education and training'. Both the numerator and the denominator come from the EU Labour Force Survey. The information collected relates to all education or training whether or not relevant to the respondent's current or possible future job. The indicator is based on the EU Labour Force Survey.

This dataset is about countries per year in Europe. It has 2,816 rows. It features 4 columns: country, urban population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters , and proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments.

The Census of Population and Housing is one of the most important surveys carried out by ISTAT. It is conducted every ten years from 1861, and the main objectives are: the count of the whole population and the recognition of its structural characteristics; updating and revision of civil registers; the definition of the legal population for juridical and electoral purposes; the collection of information about the number and structural characteristics of houses and buildings. The Census collects information about demographic and family structure of the population, the types of their households, their level of education, their employment status, and other informations on residents population. In 2011, for the first time, some information of socio-economic character were measured on a sample basis through the use of two types of questionnaire: one in a reduced form, with a few questions, including indispensable information for the production of the data required by the European Union with an high spatial detail, and one in complete form. In particular, Istat provides a 1% sample data (594,247 cases) released in two separate datasets: the first file (individui) refers to persons usually resident in private households and in Institutional households and the second one (alloggi) refers to living quarters. In urban areas with at least 20,000 inhabitants a sample was selected by a simple random sampling without replacement procedure of one third of the families. A complete version (long form) of the questionnaire has been sent to the sample, while a short version the questionnaire has been sent to all other inhabitants. web-based self-administered questionnaire (CAWI)

This dataset provides values for INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT STOCK PERCENT OF POPULATION WB DATA.HTMLES reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This service identifies U.S. Census Block Groups in which 51% or more of the households earn less than 80 percent of the Area Median Income (AMI). The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program requires that each CDBG funded activity must either principally benefit low- and moderate-income persons, aid in the prevention or elimination of slums or blight, or meet a community development need having a particular urgency because existing conditions pose a serious and immediate threat to the health or welfare of the community and other financial resources are not available to meet that need. With respect to activities that principally benefit low- and moderate-income persons, at least 51 percent of the activity's beneficiaries must be low and moderate income.

This dataset shows the percentage of total population change in the EU regions between 2001 and 2011.

Per thousands inhabitants (annual average)\r EU-28 = 3.64 \r HR: 2002-2011\r \r

Source: Eurostat

Content

Urban population proportion. Proportion of the population living in Local Administrative Units - 2 (LAU2s) classified as cities, towns and suburbs. Classification of LAU2s as cities, towns and suburbs is based on the LUISA degree of urbanization projections. The population that live in cities, towns and suburbs is calculated based on total LAU2 populations, not the population of grids.

Context

This is a dataset from Joint Research Centre hosted by the EU Open Data Portal. The Open Data Portal is found here and they update their information according the frequency that the data is collected. Explore Joint Research Centre data using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Joint Research Centre organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using the EU ODP API and Kaggle's API.

This dataset is distributed under the following license: Legal Notice

Abstract: The aim of this study is to gain insights into the attitudes of the population towards big data practices and the factors influencing them. To this end, a nationwide survey (N = 1,331), representative of the population of Germany, addressed the attitudes about selected big data practices exemplified by four scenarios, which may have a direct impact on the personal lifestyle. The scenarios contained price discrimination in retail, credit scoring, differentiations in health insurance, and differentiations in employment. The attitudes about the scenarios were set into relation to demographic characteristics, personal value orientations, knowledge about computers and the internet, and general attitudes about privacy and data protection. Another focus of the study is on the institutional framework of privacy and data protection, because the realization of benefits or risks of big data practices for the population also depends on the knowledge about the rights the institutional framework provided to the population and the actual use of those rights. As results, several challenges for the framework by big data practices were confirmed, in particular for the elements of informed consent with privacy policies, purpose limitation, and the individuals’ rights to request information about the processing of personal data and to have these data corrected or erased. TechnicalRemarks: TYPE OF SURVEY AND METHODS The data set includes responses to a survey conducted by professionally trained interviewers of a social and market research company in the form of computer-aided telephone interviews (CATI) from 2017-02 to 2017-04. The target population was inhabitants of Germany aged 18 years and more, who were randomly selected by using the sampling approaches ADM eASYSAMPLe (based on the Gabler-Häder method) for landline connections and eASYMOBILe for mobile connections. The 1,331 completed questionnaires comprise 44.2 percent mobile and 55.8 percent landline phone respondents. Most questions had options to answer with a 5-point rating scale (Likert-like) anchored with ‘Fully agree’ to ‘Do not agree at all’, or ‘Very uncomfortable’ to ‘Very comfortable’, for instance. Responses by the interviewees were weighted to obtain a representation of the entire German population (variable ‘gewicht’ in the data sets). To this end, standard weighting procedures were applied to reduce differences between the sample and the entire population with regard to known rates of response and non-response depending on household size, age, gender, educational level, and place of residence. RELATED PUBLICATION AND FURTHER DETAILS The questionnaire, analysis and results will be published in the corresponding report (main text in English language, questionnaire in Appendix B in German language of the interviews and English translation). The report will be available as open access publication at KIT Scientific Publishing (https://www.ksp.kit.edu/). Reference: Orwat, Carsten; Schankin, Andrea (2018): Attitudes towards big data practices and the institutional framework of privacy and data protection - A population survey, KIT Scientific Report 7753, Karlsruhe: KIT Scientific Publishing. FILE FORMATS The data set of responses is saved for the repository KITopen at 2018-11 in the following file formats: comma-separated values (.csv), tapulator-separated values (.dat), Excel (.xlx), Excel 2007 or newer (.xlxs), and SPSS Statistics (.sav). The questionnaire is saved in the following file formats: comma-separated values (.csv), Excel (.xlx), Excel 2007 or newer (.xlxs), and Portable Document Format (.pdf). PROJECT AND FUNDING The survey is part of the project Assessing Big Data (ABIDA) (from 2015-03 to 2019-02), which receives funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany (grant no. 01IS15016A-F). http://www.abida.de

Percentage of population exposed to certain levels of EMF by type of source (power lines and teleradiocommunication systems). In the case of exposure to RF-type EMFs, the population exposed to certain levels of electric field, produced by the SRB systems, is quantified. In the case of exposure to ELF-type EMF, the population exposed to certain levels of magnetic field, produced by power lines, is quantified. In 2015, the data was updated for the detection of RF-type EMFs of the SRB plants, the data for power lines was not updated.

The Global Human Settlement Layer: Population and Built-Up Estimates, and Degree of Urbanization Settlement Model Grid data set provides gridded data on human population (GHS-POP), built-up area (GHS-BUILT), and degree of urbanization (GHS-SMOD) across four time periods: 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2014 (BUILT) or 2015 (POP, SMOD). GHS-BUILT describes the percent built-up area for each 30 arc-second grid cell (approximately 1 km at the equator) based on Landsat imagery from each of the four time periods. GHS-POP consists of census data from the 2010 round of global census from Gridded Population of the World, Version 4, Revision 10 (GPWv4.10) spatially-allocated within census Units based on the percent built-up areas from GHS-BUILT. GHS-SMOD uses GHS-BUILT and GHS-POP in order to develop a standardized classification of degree of urbanization grid. The original data from the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC-EC) has been combined into a single data package in GeoTIFF format and reprojected from Mollweide Equal Area into WGS84 at 9 arc-second and 30 arc-second horizontal resolutions in order to support integration with a variety of global raster data sets.

Aim Palaeoecological reconstructions document past vegetation change with estimates of rapid rates of changing species distribution limits that are often not matched by model simulations of climate-driven vegetation dynamics. Genetic surveys of extant plant populations have yielded new insight into continental vegetation histories, challenging traditional interpretations that had been based on pollen data. Our aim is to examine an updated continental pollen data set from Europe in the light of the new ideas about vegetation dynamics emerging from genetic research and vegetation modelling studies. Location Europe Methods: We use pollen data from the European Pollen Database (EPD) to construct interpolated maps of pollen percentages documenting change in distribution and abundance of major plant genera and the grass family in Europe over the last 15,000 years. Results: Our analyses confirm high rates of postglacial spread with at least 1000 metres per year for Corylus, Ulmus and Alnus and average rates of 400 metres per year for Tilia, Quercus, Fagus and Carpinus. The late Holocene expansions of Picea and Fagus populations in many European regions cannot be explained by migrational lag. Both taxa shift their population centres towards the Atlantic coast suggesting that climate may have played a role in the timing of their expansions. The slowest rates of spread were reconstructed for Abies. Main conclusions: The calculated rates of postglacial plant spread are higher in Europe than those from North America, which may be due to more rapid shifts in climate mediated by the Gulf Stream and westerly winds. Late Holocene anthropogenic land use practices in Europe had major effects on individual taxa, which in combination with climate change contributed to shifts in areas of abundance and dominance. The high rates of spread calculated from the European pollen data are consistent with the common tree species rapidly tracking early Holocene climate change and contribute to the debate on the consequences of global warming for plant distributions.

Aggregate indicators at the level of the country for 7 countries of the East Bloc from the areas of economy, defense, population and society. Topics: 1. Population and society: population density; population growth from 1970 to 1978; infant mortality and life expectancy; degree of urbanization; rate of provision with running water and sanitary facilities; residential furnishings and housing conditions; hospital beds and doctors per capita; proportion of children in kindergartens; proportion of women in various branchs of the economy; religious affiliation; divorce rate; training level of the population; education expenditures; employees in technology and science; scientific book production; social mobility. 2. Economy: growth rate of the gross national product; GNP per capita; public investments; merchandise import and export; proportion of employees and proportion of production in the individual sectors of the economy; average income; meat consumption and supply of calories; trade with Comecon countries, capitalist and under-developed countries; trade deficit and foreign debt; growth of import and export as well as of income; work productivity; working hours needed for selected goods; capital intensity; provision of households with telephone, television, cars and other durable economic goods; energy import and energy use; employee-worker relationship; development of real income as well as prices; private savings; income concentration; retail trade index; hectare yields and proportion of private agriculture. 3. Military: defense expenditures; export of weapons; strength of military forces; proportion of defense expenditures in gross national product; number of disturbances and protest demonstrations; armed attacks and persons killed; sanctions of the government; internal security forces. 4. Miscellaneous: content analysis of newspapers regarding reports about human rights, disarmament, economic as well as technical cooperation and conflicts after adoption of the final agreement of Helsinki and Belgrad. Auf Länderebene aggregierte Indikatoren von 7 Staaten des Ostblocks aus den Bereichen Wirtschaft, Verteidigung, Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft. Themen: 1. Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft: Bevölkerungsdichte; Bevölkerungswachstum von 1970 bis 1978; Kindersterblichkeit und Lebenserwartung; Urbanisierungsgrad; Versorgungsrate mit fließend Wasser und sanitären Einrichtungen; Wohnungsausstattung und Wohnungsbedingungen; Krankenhausbetten und Ärzte pro Anteil der Kinder in Kindergärten; Frauenanteil in verschiedenen Wirtschaftszweigen; Religionszugehörigkeit; Scheidungsrate; Ausbildungsniveau der Bevölkerung; Bildungsausgaben; Beschäftigte in der Technik und Wissenschaft; wissenschaftliche Buchproduktion; soziale Mobilität. 2. Wirtschaft: Wachstumsrate des Bruttosozialprodukts; BSP pro Kopf; öffentliche Investitionen; Warenimport und -export; Beschäftigtenanteil und Produktionsanteil in den einzelnen Sektoren der Wirtschaft; Durchschnittseinkommen; Fleischkonsum und Kalorienversorgung; Handel mit Comecon-Staaten, kapitalistischen und unterentwickelten Ländern; Handelsdefizit und Auslandsverschuldung; Wachstum von Import und Export sowie der Einkommen; Arbeitsproduktivität; benötigte Arbeitszeit für ausgewählte Güter; Kapitalintensität; Versorgung der Hauhalte mit Telefon, Fernsehen, Autos und sonstigen langlebigen Wirtschaftsgütern; Energieimport und Energieverwendung; Angestellten Arbeiterverhältnis; Entwicklung de Realeinkommen sowie der Preise; privates Sparen; Einkommenskonzentration; Einzelhandelsindex; Hektarerträge und Anteil der privaten Agrarwirtschaft. 3. Militär: Verteidigungsausgaben; Waffenexporte; Stärke der Streitkräfte; Anteil der Verteidigungsausgaben am Bruttosozialprodukt; Anzahl der Unruhen und Protestdemonstrationen; bewaffnete Angriffe und getötete Personen; Sanktionen der Regierung; interne Sicherheitskräfte. 4. Sonstiges: Inhaltsanalyse von Zeitungen bezüglich Berichten über Menschenrechte, Abrüstung, ökonomische sowie technische Koope ration und Konflikte nach Verabschiedung der Schlußakte von Helsinki und Belgrad. Aggregate data from statistics yearbooks and the like.

Inactive population as a percentage of the total population, by sex and age (%)