100+ datasets found
  1. d

    Mass Killings in America, 2006 - present

    • data.world
    csv, zip
    Updated Oct 14, 2025
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    The Associated Press (2025). Mass Killings in America, 2006 - present [Dataset]. https://data.world/associatedpress/mass-killings-public
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    zip, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 14, 2025
    Authors
    The Associated Press
    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 2006 - Oct 12, 2025
    Area covered
    Description

    THIS DATASET WAS LAST UPDATED AT 8:11 PM EASTERN ON OCT. 13

    OVERVIEW

    2019 had the most mass killings since at least the 1970s, according to the Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings Database.

    In all, there were 45 mass killings, defined as when four or more people are killed excluding the perpetrator. Of those, 33 were mass shootings . This summer was especially violent, with three high-profile public mass shootings occurring in the span of just four weeks, leaving 38 killed and 66 injured.

    A total of 229 people died in mass killings in 2019.

    The AP's analysis found that more than 50% of the incidents were family annihilations, which is similar to prior years. Although they are far less common, the 9 public mass shootings during the year were the most deadly type of mass murder, resulting in 73 people's deaths, not including the assailants.

    One-third of the offenders died at the scene of the killing or soon after, half from suicides.

    About this Dataset

    The Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings database tracks all U.S. homicides since 2006 involving four or more people killed (not including the offender) over a short period of time (24 hours) regardless of weapon, location, victim-offender relationship or motive. The database includes information on these and other characteristics concerning the incidents, offenders, and victims.

    The AP/USA TODAY/Northeastern database represents the most complete tracking of mass murders by the above definition currently available. Other efforts, such as the Gun Violence Archive or Everytown for Gun Safety may include events that do not meet our criteria, but a review of these sites and others indicates that this database contains every event that matches the definition, including some not tracked by other organizations.

    This data will be updated periodically and can be used as an ongoing resource to help cover these events.

    Using this Dataset

    To get basic counts of incidents of mass killings and mass shootings by year nationwide, use these queries:

    Mass killings by year

    Mass shootings by year

    To get these counts just for your state:

    Filter killings by state

    Definition of "mass murder"

    Mass murder is defined as the intentional killing of four or more victims by any means within a 24-hour period, excluding the deaths of unborn children and the offender(s). The standard of four or more dead was initially set by the FBI.

    This definition does not exclude cases based on method (e.g., shootings only), type or motivation (e.g., public only), victim-offender relationship (e.g., strangers only), or number of locations (e.g., one). The time frame of 24 hours was chosen to eliminate conflation with spree killers, who kill multiple victims in quick succession in different locations or incidents, and to satisfy the traditional requirement of occurring in a “single incident.”

    Offenders who commit mass murder during a spree (before or after committing additional homicides) are included in the database, and all victims within seven days of the mass murder are included in the victim count. Negligent homicides related to driving under the influence or accidental fires are excluded due to the lack of offender intent. Only incidents occurring within the 50 states and Washington D.C. are considered.

    Methodology

    Project researchers first identified potential incidents using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Homicide incidents in the SHR were flagged as potential mass murder cases if four or more victims were reported on the same record, and the type of death was murder or non-negligent manslaughter.

    Cases were subsequently verified utilizing media accounts, court documents, academic journal articles, books, and local law enforcement records obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. Each data point was corroborated by multiple sources, which were compiled into a single document to assess the quality of information.

    In case(s) of contradiction among sources, official law enforcement or court records were used, when available, followed by the most recent media or academic source.

    Case information was subsequently compared with every other known mass murder database to ensure reliability and validity. Incidents listed in the SHR that could not be independently verified were excluded from the database.

    Project researchers also conducted extensive searches for incidents not reported in the SHR during the time period, utilizing internet search engines, Lexis-Nexis, and Newspapers.com. Search terms include: [number] dead, [number] killed, [number] slain, [number] murdered, [number] homicide, mass murder, mass shooting, massacre, rampage, family killing, familicide, and arson murder. Offender, victim, and location names were also directly searched when available.

    This project started at USA TODAY in 2012.

    Contacts

    Contact AP Data Editor Justin Myers with questions, suggestions or comments about this dataset at jmyers@ap.org. The Northeastern University researcher working with AP and USA TODAY is Professor James Alan Fox, who can be reached at j.fox@northeastern.edu or 617-416-4400.

  2. g

    Catoctin Creek

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Jun 2, 2008
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    data (2008). Catoctin Creek [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 2, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This dataset has been migrated from our Geocommons platform, and lacks a description from the original posting user. This is not a Fortiusone provided dataset. Please keep this in mind, and make of the dataset what you will. Thank you for visiting Finder!

  3. g

    New York City Newsstand data with Fake Sales numbers

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Jun 5, 2008
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    Bill Greer (2008). New York City Newsstand data with Fake Sales numbers [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 5, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    Fake Data, no source
    data
    Authors
    Bill Greer
    Description

    This dataset shows actual locations of newsstands throughout New York City, with actual contact information, however I've added a few columns of fake data representing sales of magazines at that newsstand. the numbers are randomly generated, and fake.

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    Wikipedia, Number of School Shootings by State, US, 2007

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). Wikipedia, Number of School Shootings by State, US, 2007 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This dataset lists the number of well known school shootings by state. Some states have had more incidents than others. School shooting is a term popularized in American and Canadian media to describe gun violence at educational institutions, especially the mass murder or spree killing of people connected with an institution. A school shooting can be perpetrated by one or more students, expelled students, alumni, faculty members, or outsiders. Unlike acts of revenge against specific people, school shootings usually involve multiple intended or actual victims, often randomly targeted. Source: Wikipedia section on school shootings http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_shootings#List_of_school_shootings

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    Census, Demographic Data For Manhattan, New York City

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Jun 4, 2008
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    Census (2008). Census, Demographic Data For Manhattan, New York City [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 4, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Census
    Description

    This dataset provides highly detailed (Block Level) views of various demographics for Manhattan, New York city. this dataset includes information on age, race, sex, income, housing, and various other attributes. This data comes from the 2000 Us Census and was joined to the Census Tiger line files to create the output. enjoy!

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    Arenamaps.com, Ice Rinks, Utah,

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 27, 2008
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    data (2008). Arenamaps.com, Ice Rinks, Utah, [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 27, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This dataset shows the locations based on street addresses of all of the Ice Rinks in the State of Utah. The raw data was geocoded from its original source at: http://www.arenamaps.com/arenas/Utah.htm

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    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR), Hazardous Waste...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 13, 2008
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    data (2008). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR), Hazardous Waste Sites, USA and Territories, 5.08 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 13, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR)
    data
    Description

    This dataset displays all the hazardous waste sites in the United States and it's Territories as of 5.08. The data comes from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR). The dataset contains information about the site: Site ID Site Name CERCLIS # Address City State County Latitude Longitude Population Region # Congressional Districts Federal Facility National Priorities List Status Ownership Status Classification For more information go to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR)website at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov

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    Association of Religious Data Archives, Total and Mainline Religions, USA,...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    Association of Religious Data Archives (2008). Association of Religious Data Archives, Total and Mainline Religions, USA, 2007 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Association of Religious Data Archives
    Description

    This dataset was found online at the Association of Religious Data Archives (ARDA) website. http://www.thearda.com/ . This data set shows information on religous groups throughout the United States. All data was uploaded as a polypoint centroids per county in the United States, in shapefile format. This Data set shows the Total congregations, Total Adherents, and Rate of Adherence per 1000 population for All religions in the United States and for the Mainline Religions.

  9. g

    Wikipedia, US Olympic Gold Medals Per State, USA,

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Jun 2, 2008
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    data (2008). Wikipedia, US Olympic Gold Medals Per State, USA, [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 2, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This Dataset Tally's up the number of Olympic Gold medal winners per state. if an athlete has earned multiple medals, they only count as one. Its just the way it works out. anyways, this was pulled from Wikipedia.org, and is incomplete, these aren't total counts, these are just counts that i could find data for. If you'd like to try to do better, feel free. Source URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Olympic_gold_medalists_for_the_United_States

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    BEA, Real GDP by Metropolitan Area, USA, 2001-2005

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). BEA, Real GDP by Metropolitan Area, USA, 2001-2005 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This dataset displays the Real GDP by metropolitan area for the years 2001-2005. For each of the posted metropolitan areas Millions of chained dollars and the percentage change from the previous year is posted. This data was geocoded according to city and state locations. During the geocoding process 233/363 records from the original dataset were successfully geocoded. The reason for this is that during the process is that the dataset often groups cities together into one metropolitan area, which were unable to be properly coded. This data was collected from the Bureau of Economic analysis at their web page at: http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm Access Date: October 29, 2007

  11. g

    U.S. Department of Justice, Crime, USA by State, 2006

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 5, 2008
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    Emily Sciarillo (2008). U.S. Department of Justice, Crime, USA by State, 2006 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 5, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation; Criminal Justice Information Services Division
    data
    Authors
    Emily Sciarillo
    Description

    This dataset was retrieved from the U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Criminal Justice Information Services Division website on February 29, 2008. "This table provides the estimated number of offenses and the actual number of offenses reported in the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA), cities outside metropolitan areas, and nonmetropolitan counties, and the rate (per 100,000 inhabitants) for each grouping, and the estimated population for each state" however to simplify the dataset, I only included the state total and the rate for each state. Data for Puerto Rico was not included. "The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program". Please see the Data Declaration for further information on the data set. Values of -1 represent no value.

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    U.S. Department of Justice, Murders by Type of Weapon, USA by State, 2006

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 5, 2008
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    Emily Sciarillo (2008). U.S. Department of Justice, Murders by Type of Weapon, USA by State, 2006 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 5, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation; Criminal Justice Information Services Division
    data
    Authors
    Emily Sciarillo
    Description

    This dataset was retrieved from the U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Criminal Justice Information Services Division website on February 29, 2008. "This table provides the type of weapons used in murder offenses. The data are based on the aggregated data from agencies within each state for which supplemental homicide data (i.e., weapon information) were reported to the FBI. The table also includes a breakdown of the types of firearms used in murders (i.e., handguns, rifles, shotguns, or unknown firearms)". "The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program". Estimated population was added for each state for 2006 that appeared on Table 5 of the data from 2006. Total murders from 2005 and 2004 were also included. Please see the Data Declaration for further information on the data set. Values of -1 represent no value.

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    National Transportation Atlas Database, US Military Bases, US, 2006

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). National Transportation Atlas Database, US Military Bases, US, 2006 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    The United States Military Installations database contains the boundaries and location information for important military installations in the United States and Puerto Rico. The database includes records for 405 military installations. Source: National Transportation Atlas Database URL: http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_atlas_database/2006/

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    CARMA, United States Power Plant Emissions, United States, 2000/2007/Future

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 2, 2008
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    data (2008). CARMA, United States Power Plant Emissions, United States, 2000/2007/Future [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 2, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    CARMA
    Description

    All the data for this dataset is provided from CARMA: Data from CARMA (www.carma.org) This dataset provides information about Power Plant emissions in the USA. Power Plant emissions from all power plants in the United Staes were obtained by CARMA for the past (2000 Annual Report), the present (2007 data), and the future. CARMA determine data presented for the future to reflect planned plant construction, expansion, and retirement. The dataset provides the name, company, parent company, city, state, zip, county, metro area, lat/lon, and plant id for each individual power plant. The dataset reports for the three time periods: Intensity: Pounds of CO2 emitted per megawatt-hour of electricity produced. Energy: Annual megawatt-hours of electricity produced. Carbon: Annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The units are short or U.S. tons. Multiply by 0.907 to get metric tons. Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA) is a massive database containing information on the carbon emissions of over 50,000 power plants and 4,000 power companies worldwide. Power generation accounts for 40% of all carbon emissions in the United States and about one-quarter of global emissions. CARMA is the first global inventory of a major, sector of the economy. The objective of CARMA.org is to equip individuals with the information they need to forge a cleaner, low-carbon future. By providing complete information for both clean and dirty power producers, CARMA hopes to influence the opinions and decisions of consumers, investors, shareholders, managers, workers, activists, and policymakers. CARMA builds on experience with public information disclosure techniques that have proven successful in reducing traditional pollutants. Please see carma.org for more information http://carma.org/region/detail/202

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    City-Data, Largest and Smallest Difference Between High and Low...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 27, 2008
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    data (2008). City-Data, Largest and Smallest Difference Between High and Low Temperatures, USA, [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 27, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    City-Data
    data
    Description

    This dataset illustrates the largest difference between high and low temperatures and the smallest difference between high and low temperatures in cities with 50,000 people or more. A value of -1 means that the data was not applicable. Also included are the rankings, the inverse ranking to be used for mapping purposes, the popualtion, the name of city and state, and the temperature degree difference. Source City-Data URL http//www.city-data.com/top2/c489.html http//www.city-data.com/top2/c490.html Date Accessed November 13,2007

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    World Bank Group Entrepreneurship, Entreprenuership Database World Bank,...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). World Bank Group Entrepreneurship, Entreprenuership Database World Bank, World, 2007 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    World Bank Group Entrepreneurship
    Description

    The 2007 World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey measures entrepreneurial activity in 84 developing and industrial countries over the period 2003-2005. The database includes cross-country, time-series data on the number of total and newly registered businesses, collected directly from Registrar of Companies around the world. In its second year, this survey incorporates improvements in methodology, and expanded participation from countries covered, allowing for greater cross-border compatibility of data compared with the 2006 survey. This joint effort by the IFC SME Department and the World Bank Developing Research Group is the most comprehensive dataset on cross-country firm entry data available today. This database The World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Dataaset presents data collected primarily from country business registries using the first annual World Bank Group Questionnaire on Entrepreneurship (alternative sources were tax authorities, finance ministries, and national statistics offices). For more information on the author of the database, Leora Klapper, visit: http://go.worldbank.org/DK5AHCQSO0. This data was access at the preceeding link, on October 11, 2007. Please visit the link for more information in regards to this dataset.

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    CARMA, World Power Plant Emissions and Power Plant types by Country, World,...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 5, 2008
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    CARMA (2008). CARMA, World Power Plant Emissions and Power Plant types by Country, World, 2000/2007/Future [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 5, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    CARMA
    Description

    All the data for this dataset is provided from CARMA: Data from CARMA (www.carma.org) This dataset provides information about Power Plant emissions and power plant types around the world by country. This information was obtained by CARMA for the past (2000 Annual Report), the present (2007 data), and the future. CARMA determine data presented for the future to reflect planned plant construction, expansion, and retirement. The location of the countries is placed by lat/lon coordinates that was provided by CARMA. The dataset provides the country, region type, plant count, and lat/lon for each individual country. The dataset reports for the three time periods: Intensity: Pounds of CO2 emitted per megawatt-hour of electricity produced. Energy: Annual megawatt-hours of electricity produced. Carbon: Annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The units are short or U.S. tons. Multiply by 0.907 to get metric tons. % Fossil: The percentage of total electricity that is generated by the combustion of coal, oil, or natural gas. % Hydro: The percentage of total electricity that is generated by hydroelectric power facilities. % Nuclear: The percentage of total electricity that is generated by nuclear power facilities. % Other Renewable: The percentage of total electricity that is generated by the use of wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, captured heat, or hydrogen energy. The objective of CARMA.org is to equip individuals with the information they need to forge a cleaner, low-carbon future. By providing complete information for both clean and dirty power producers, CARMA hopes to influence the opinions and decisions of consumers, investors, shareholders, managers, workers, activists, and policymakers. CARMA builds on experience with public information disclosure techniques that have proven successful in reducing traditional pollutants. Please see carma.org for more information

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    CARMA, Turkey Power Plant Emissions, Turkey, 2000/2007/Future

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 5, 2008
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    data (2008). CARMA, Turkey Power Plant Emissions, Turkey, 2000/2007/Future [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 5, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    CARMA
    Description

    All the data for this dataset is provided from CARMA: Data from CARMA (www.carma.org) This dataset provides information about Power Plant emissions in Turkey. Power Plant emissions from all power plants in Turkey were obtained by CARMA for the past (2000 Annual Report), the present (2007 data), and the future. CARMA determine data presented for the future to reflect planned plant construction, expansion, and retirement. The dataset provides the name, company, parent company, city, state, zip, county, metro area, lat/lon, and plant id for each individual power plant. The dataset reports for the three time periods: Intensity: Pounds of CO2 emitted per megawatt-hour of electricity produced. Energy: Annual megawatt-hours of electricity produced. Carbon: Annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The units are short or U.S. tons. Multiply by 0.907 to get metric tons. Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA) is a massive database containing information on the carbon emissions of over 50,000 power plants and 4,000 power companies worldwide. Power generation accounts for 40% of all carbon emissions in the United States and about one-quarter of global emissions. CARMA is the first global inventory of a major, sector of the economy. The objective of CARMA.org is to equip individuals with the information they need to forge a cleaner, low-carbon future. By providing complete information for both clean and dirty power producers, CARMA hopes to influence the opinions and decisions of consumers, investors, shareholders, managers, workers, activists, and policymakers. CARMA builds on experience with public information disclosure techniques that have proven successful in reducing traditional pollutants. Please see carma.org for more information

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    Federal Communications Commission (FCC), AM Radio Database, USA, 2007

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    Dale Bickel (2008). Federal Communications Commission (FCC), AM Radio Database, USA, 2007 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Federal Communication Commission
    Authors
    Dale Bickel
    Description

    This dataset explores radio station information in the AM broadcast band (530 kHz to 1700 kHz).

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    CARMA, Hungary Power Plant Emissions, Hungary, 2000/2007/Future

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 6, 2008
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    data (2008). CARMA, Hungary Power Plant Emissions, Hungary, 2000/2007/Future [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 6, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    CARMA
    Description

    All the data for this dataset is provided from CARMA: Data from CARMA (www.carma.org) This dataset provides information about Power Plant emissions in Hungary. Power Plant emissions from all power plants in Hungary were obtained by CARMA for the past (2000 Annual Report), the present (2007 data), and the future. CARMA determine data presented for the future to reflect planned plant construction, expansion, and retirement. The dataset provides the name, company, parent company, city, state, zip, county, metro area, lat/lon, and plant id for each individual power plant. The dataset reports for the three time periods: Intensity: Pounds of CO2 emitted per megawatt-hour of electricity produced. Energy: Annual megawatt-hours of electricity produced. Carbon: Annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The units are short or U.S. tons. Multiply by 0.907 to get metric tons. Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA) is a massive database containing information on the carbon emissions of over 50,000 power plants and 4,000 power companies worldwide. Power generation accounts for 40% of all carbon emissions in the United States and about one-quarter of global emissions. CARMA is the first global inventory of a major, sector of the economy. The objective of CARMA.org is to equip individuals with the information they need to forge a cleaner, low-carbon future. By providing complete information for both clean and dirty power producers, CARMA hopes to influence the opinions and decisions of consumers, investors, shareholders, managers, workers, activists, and policymakers. CARMA builds on experience with public information disclosure techniques that have proven successful in reducing traditional pollutants. Please see carma.org for more information

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The Associated Press (2025). Mass Killings in America, 2006 - present [Dataset]. https://data.world/associatedpress/mass-killings-public

Mass Killings in America, 2006 - present

Data from the AP-USA TODAY-Northeastern project tracking the killings of four or more victims from 2006-present

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6 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
zip, csvAvailable download formats
Dataset updated
Oct 14, 2025
Authors
The Associated Press
Time period covered
Jan 1, 2006 - Oct 12, 2025
Area covered
Description

THIS DATASET WAS LAST UPDATED AT 8:11 PM EASTERN ON OCT. 13

OVERVIEW

2019 had the most mass killings since at least the 1970s, according to the Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings Database.

In all, there were 45 mass killings, defined as when four or more people are killed excluding the perpetrator. Of those, 33 were mass shootings . This summer was especially violent, with three high-profile public mass shootings occurring in the span of just four weeks, leaving 38 killed and 66 injured.

A total of 229 people died in mass killings in 2019.

The AP's analysis found that more than 50% of the incidents were family annihilations, which is similar to prior years. Although they are far less common, the 9 public mass shootings during the year were the most deadly type of mass murder, resulting in 73 people's deaths, not including the assailants.

One-third of the offenders died at the scene of the killing or soon after, half from suicides.

About this Dataset

The Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings database tracks all U.S. homicides since 2006 involving four or more people killed (not including the offender) over a short period of time (24 hours) regardless of weapon, location, victim-offender relationship or motive. The database includes information on these and other characteristics concerning the incidents, offenders, and victims.

The AP/USA TODAY/Northeastern database represents the most complete tracking of mass murders by the above definition currently available. Other efforts, such as the Gun Violence Archive or Everytown for Gun Safety may include events that do not meet our criteria, but a review of these sites and others indicates that this database contains every event that matches the definition, including some not tracked by other organizations.

This data will be updated periodically and can be used as an ongoing resource to help cover these events.

Using this Dataset

To get basic counts of incidents of mass killings and mass shootings by year nationwide, use these queries:

Mass killings by year

Mass shootings by year

To get these counts just for your state:

Filter killings by state

Definition of "mass murder"

Mass murder is defined as the intentional killing of four or more victims by any means within a 24-hour period, excluding the deaths of unborn children and the offender(s). The standard of four or more dead was initially set by the FBI.

This definition does not exclude cases based on method (e.g., shootings only), type or motivation (e.g., public only), victim-offender relationship (e.g., strangers only), or number of locations (e.g., one). The time frame of 24 hours was chosen to eliminate conflation with spree killers, who kill multiple victims in quick succession in different locations or incidents, and to satisfy the traditional requirement of occurring in a “single incident.”

Offenders who commit mass murder during a spree (before or after committing additional homicides) are included in the database, and all victims within seven days of the mass murder are included in the victim count. Negligent homicides related to driving under the influence or accidental fires are excluded due to the lack of offender intent. Only incidents occurring within the 50 states and Washington D.C. are considered.

Methodology

Project researchers first identified potential incidents using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Homicide incidents in the SHR were flagged as potential mass murder cases if four or more victims were reported on the same record, and the type of death was murder or non-negligent manslaughter.

Cases were subsequently verified utilizing media accounts, court documents, academic journal articles, books, and local law enforcement records obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. Each data point was corroborated by multiple sources, which were compiled into a single document to assess the quality of information.

In case(s) of contradiction among sources, official law enforcement or court records were used, when available, followed by the most recent media or academic source.

Case information was subsequently compared with every other known mass murder database to ensure reliability and validity. Incidents listed in the SHR that could not be independently verified were excluded from the database.

Project researchers also conducted extensive searches for incidents not reported in the SHR during the time period, utilizing internet search engines, Lexis-Nexis, and Newspapers.com. Search terms include: [number] dead, [number] killed, [number] slain, [number] murdered, [number] homicide, mass murder, mass shooting, massacre, rampage, family killing, familicide, and arson murder. Offender, victim, and location names were also directly searched when available.

This project started at USA TODAY in 2012.

Contacts

Contact AP Data Editor Justin Myers with questions, suggestions or comments about this dataset at jmyers@ap.org. The Northeastern University researcher working with AP and USA TODAY is Professor James Alan Fox, who can be reached at j.fox@northeastern.edu or 617-416-4400.

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