Dataset used in the article "Does Visual Stimulation by Photographs of Cats and Dogs Make People Happier and More Optimistic?"ColumnsIDis_preview: true - response by the researcher to check the questionnaire, it should be removedremove: respondent checked that his/her responses are not valid and should not be used in future analysisfinished_proc: percentage of the questionnaire finisheddate_time: filing of the questionnaire started at this timeduration_formatted: duration of the filling of the questionnairebrowserbrowser_versionOS: operating systempriming: true - primed group, false - control groupcat_dog: objects on photos showngenderage: in yerssex_o: attraction to people of the opposite sex (scale 1 - 7)sex_s: attraction to people of the same sex (scale 1 - 7) orientation: computed as the difference of previous twomood: actual mood (scale 0 - 5)condition_phys: physical condition (scale 0 - 5)condition_psych: mental condition (scale 0 - 5)life_quality: life quality (scale 0 - 5)optimism: mean of previous threeoptimism_zskore: z-score of the previous children_own: how many children does respondent havewanted_sons: total number of sons which respondent would like to havewanted_daughters: total number of daughters which respondent would like to havewanted_children: a sum of previous twoliking_dogs: how much respondent likes dogs (scale 1 - 100)present_whenever_dog: respondent has ever kept a dogpresent_now_dog: respondent keeps dog nowpresent_Ndogs: how many dogs does respondent keep now liking_cats: how much respondent likes cats (scale 1 - 100)present_whenever_cat: respondent has ever kept a catpresent_now_cat: respondent keeps cat nowpresent_Ncats: how many cats does respondent keep now

This dataset contains the predicted prices of the asset Doodles Certified Viral: Dog People over the next 16 years. This data is calculated initially using a default 5 percent annual growth rate, and after page load, it features a sliding scale component where the user can then further adjust the growth rate to their own positive or negative projections. The maximum positive adjustable growth rate is 100 percent, and the minimum adjustable growth rate is -100 percent.

The Indonesian island province of Bali experienced its first rabies incursion in 2008. Mass vaccination of the dog population has proven effective and rabies cases in dogs and people have decreased, however the virus is still circulating among the dog population. Vaccination coverage must be maintained until rabies elimination. Increasing efficiency and effectiveness of vaccination campaigns is therefore desired. Community engagement leading to preventative health actions by community members can reduce disease incidence and costs of control. Here we evaluate 2 years of a novel community-based dog welfare and rabies control project (Program Dharma) in the Sanur sub-district. The project engaged the services of people living in the project area with an interest or experience in dogs or community health services. These people spoke with owners within their own community about dog welfare and health, monitored owned and unowned dogs and increased owner and carer efforts to access vaccination and further veterinary services. The evaluation focused on a sample of dogs whose owners had been regularly engaged with project. Vaccination coverage was increased and there were no dog or human rabies cases reported in the project area; the percentage of the dogs that had never been vaccinated was reduced by an average 28.3% (baseline unvaccinated 41–49%, post-project unvaccinated 11–19%). The welfare of dogs improved from an average of 20.7% of dogs with visible welfare problems at baseline to 2.7% after project implementation. Roaming dog density observed on street surveys also decreased in all project areas (24–47% reduction dependent on desa). A participatory evaluation event with a sample of Program Dharma community-based agents highlighted several additional successes, including that the community appeared to welcome and value their services and were beginning to support the cost of project activities. Conversely, challenges included identifying dogs in the database during revisits, sustaining the costs of community member time spent working on Program Dharma activities and the costs of veterinary care, whilst avoiding dependency of owners on free veterinary services. The benefits revealed by the evaluation were judged to be sufficient to extend Program Dharma to new areas, whilst evolving activities to resolve challenges.

Antemortem tooth loss in dogs and wolves by number and percentage of individuals affected: a. wolves, b. dogs.

Antemortem tooth fracture in dogs and wolves by number and percentage of individuals affected: a. wolves, b. dogs.

Percentage information on sex, age, and presence or absence of diarrhea in the population of dogs and cats (n = 119) in the neighborhood of Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Crossmodal correspondences are intuitively held relationships between non-redundant features of a stimulus, such as auditory pitch and visual illumination. While a number of correspondences have been identified in humans to date (e.g. high pitch is intuitively felt to be luminant, angular, and elevated in space), their evolutionary and developmental origins remain unclear. Here we investigated the existence of audio-visual crossmodal correspondences in domestic dogs, and specifically, the known human correspondence in which high auditory pitch is associated with elevated spatial position. In an audio-visual attention task, we found that dogs engaged more with audio-visual stimuli that were congruent with human intuitions (high auditory pitch paired with a spatially elevated visual stimulus) compared to incongruent (low pitch paired with elevated visual stimulus). This result suggests that crossmodal correspondences are not a uniquely human or primate phenomenon, and that they cannot easily be dismissed as merely lexical conventions (i.e., matching ‘high’ pitch with ‘high’ elevation).

Methods Data was collected by video recording the dogs' reactions during the presentation of audio-visual stimuli. Each row in the data set represents a trial (one 8 second audio-visual animation presented to a dog). The presentations were projected onto a wall with an overhead projector (Eiki Brilliant Projector LC-XB28) and a MacBook Pro laptop. The sound was played using two Behringer Europort MPA40BT speakers placed adjacent and on both sides of the wall onto which the animations were projected. An audio-visual animation of moving insects was projected in between each trial as a means of attracting the dogs’ attention to the screen. Dogs’ behaviour was recorded using a SONY (Handycam XAVC 5 AVCHD Progressive) camera placed on a tripod in front and to the left of the dog. There was another camera (SONY Handycam AVCHD Progressive) placed in front and to the right of the dog which was sending a live feed to a screen monitor placed behind the dog and owner. Data was coded using Gamebreaker 10 by two independent raters, blind to the condition.

A within subject design was used with each dog seeing both the congruent and incongruent version of the audio-visual stimulus once. We compared congruent and incongruent conditions, with three dependent measures: the duration-of-looking at the stimulus (time in seconds each dog spent with its gaze focused on the stimulus), time-spent-tracing the stimulus (evidenced by the amount of time in seconds each dog spent moving its head up and down to follow the stimulus) and the percentage of time the dog spent tracing, out of the total time he/she spent looking; i.e., (time-spent-tracing/ duration-of-looking) x100. A linear mixed model was run using SPSS v.25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and the differences in means were considered significant at an alpha level of 0.05.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs is associated with clinical signs of intestinal dysfunction, as well as abnormal lymphocytic and myeloid cell infiltrates in the small and/or large intestine. Thus, in many respects IBD in dogs resembles IBD in humans. However, the factors that trigger intestinal inflammation in dogs with IBD are not well understood and have been variously attributed to immune responses against dietary antigens or intestinal antigens. Previous studies in humans with IBD have documented increased production of IgG and IgA antibodies specific to intestinal bacteria, and this abnormal immune response has been linked to disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the humoral immune response against gut bacteria in dogs with IBD, using flow cytometry to quantitate IgG and IgA binding. Studies were also done to investigate the source of these antibodies (locally produced versus systemic production) and whether greater antibody binding to bacteria is associated with increased inflammatory responses. We found that dogs with IBD had significantly higher percentages and overall amounts of IgG bound to their intestinal bacteria compared to healthy dogs. Similarly, significantly higher percentages of bacteria were IgA+ bacteria were also found in dogs with IBD. Serum antibody recognition of gut bacteria was not different between healthy dogs and dogs with IBD, suggesting that anti-bacterial antibodies were primarily produced locally in the gut rather than systemically. Importantly, bacteria in the Actinobacteria phylum and in particular the genus Collinsella had significantly greater levels of antibody binding in dogs with IBD. Based on these findings, we concluded that antibody binding to commensal gut bacteria was significantly increased in dogs with IBD, that particular phyla were preferential targets for gut antibodies, and that anti-bacterial antibody responses may play an important role in regulating gut inflammation.

Serology surveys in unvaccinated domestic dogs yielding the estimated percentage with detectable rabies-specific antibodies in serum.

Rabies is a devastating zoonotic disease causing nearly 60,000 deaths globally each year. The disease causes Malawi an economic loss of 13 million USD and kills almost 500 people annually. Domestic dogs are the main reservoir for rabies and vaccinating over 70% of the dog population is the most efficient method to reduce its incidence in both humans and canines. However, achieving such coverages is often difficult and depend on many geospatial factors. Rural and pastoral regions are considered difficult to vaccinate efficiently due to low dog densities, and reports of campaigns spanning large areas containing vastly different communities are lacking. This study describes a mass canine vaccination campaign covering rural and urban regions in southern Malawi. The campaign achieved an average vaccination coverage of 83.4% across 3 districts, and vaccinated over 89,000 dogs through a combined static point and door-to-door effort. A dog population of 107,574 dogs was estimated (dog:human ratio of 1:23). The canine population was found to be almost completely owned (99.2%) and mostly kept for security purposes (82.7%). The dogs were mainly adults, males, and not neutered. Regression analysis identified education level and proportion of young dogs as the only factors influencing (positively and negatively, respectively) whether vaccination coverage over 70% was achieved in a region, independently of variables such as population density or poverty. A second regression analysis was performed predicting absolute vaccination coverage. While education level and the proportion of confined dogs were associated with positive vaccination coverage, higher proportions of young animals and female dogs were associated with a decrease in coverage. This study confirms the feasibility of homogeneously vaccinating over 70% of the dogs in a large area including rural and urban communities. These findings can inform the logistics of future campaigns and might be used as a template to facilitate high-number, high-coverage vaccination campaigns to other regions in sub-Saharan Africa.

Domestic dogs share the same environment as humans, and they represent a valuable animal model to study naturally-occurring human disease. Platelet proteomics holds promise for the discovery of biomarkers that capture the contribution of platelets to the pathophysiology of many disease states, however, canine platelet proteomic studies are lacking. Our study objectives were to establish a protocol for proteomic identification and quantification of the thrombin-activated canine platelet secretome (CAPS), and to compare the CAPS proteins to human and murine platelet proteomic data. Washed platelets were isolated from healthy dogs, and stimulated with saline (control) or gamma-thrombin (releasate). Proteins were separated by SDS-page, trypsin-digested and analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). CAPS proteins were defined as those with a MS1-abundance ratio of two or more for releasate vs. unstimulated saline control. A total of 1,918 proteins were identified, with 908 proteins common to all dogs and 693 characterized as CAPS proteins. CAPS proteins were similar to human and murine platelet secretomes and were highly represented in hemostatic pathways. Differences unique to CAPS included replacement of platelet factor 4 with other cleavage products of platelet basic protein (e.g. interleukin-8), novel proteins (e.g. C-C motif chemokine 14), and proteins in relatively high (e.g. protease nexin-1) or low (e.g. von Willebrand factor) abundance. This study establishes the first in-depth platelet releasate proteome from healthy dogs with a reference database of 693 CAPS proteins. Similarities between CAPS and the human secretome confirm the utility of dogs as translational models of human disease, but we also identify differences unique to canine platelets. Our findings provide a resource for further investigations into disease-related CAPS profiles, and for comparative pathway analyses of platelet activation among species.

Predators inhabiting human-dominated landscapes are vulnerable to various anthropogenic actions, including people killing them. We assess potential drivers of predator killing in an agricultural landscape in southern Chile, and discuss the implications for policies and interventions to promote coexistence. We evaluate five different types of motivation: (i) sociodemographics and household economy; (ii) livestock loss; (iii) predator encounter rates; (iv) knowledge of legal protection (all native predators are currently protected); and, (v) tolerance to livestock predation. As the killing of native predators is illegal, the prevalence of this behavior by rural residents was estimated using a symmetrical forced-response randomized response technique (RRT), a method designed to ask sensitive questions. A total of 233 rural residents from randomly assigned sample units (4 km2) across the study region completed our questionnaire. More conspicuous species, such as hawks (Falconiformes sp), foxes (Lycalopex sp) and free-roaming domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), were killed by a higher proportion of farmers than more cryptic species, like the felid güiña (Leopardus guigna), skunk (Conepatus chinga) and pumas (Puma concolor). The proportion of respondents admitting to killing predators was highest for hawks (mean = 0.46, SE = 0.08), foxes (mean = 0.29, SE = 0.08) and dogs (mean = 0.30, SE = 0.08) and lowest for güiña (mean = 0.10, SE = 0.09), which is the only species of conservation concern we examine (considered Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List). From our five motivation categories, past killing of predators was associated with higher reported predator encounter rates (guina, hawks), lower tolerance to livestock predation (hawks, dogs), higher reported livestock loss (dogs) and sociodemographics and household economy (foxes). Our results demonstrate that a one-size-fits-all approach to predator persecution is unlikely to reduce or eliminate illegal killings for the suite of species we examined. We identify and describe two main types of intervention that could foster coexistence, improvement of livestock management and domestic dog management in rural areas, as well as discussing the potential for social marketing.

Time points of MRI investigations following SCI.

Number–patient number in veterinary hospital database. Patient ID–number, corresponding to patient ID number in the manuscript. Acute cases (+/-)—+ patients presented at the hospital in acute phase of SCI (3 weeks). Surgery at referring veterinarian (+/-)—+performed;—not performed. MRI time points– 0 = before decompressive surgery; 1 = 1–3 weeks after decompression; 2 = 3 weeks-2 months; 3 = 2–5 months, 4 = 5–8 months, 5 = 8–11 months, 6 = 11–14 months, 7 = 14–17 months, 8 = 17–20, 9 = >20 months after adequate decompression. SCA >3 weeks following decompression—0 = no atrophy; mild atrophy 1 = 0,75–0,95; average atrophy 2 = 0,35–0,75; severe atrophy 3 = 0–0,35 spinal cord diameter in SCI epicentre in comparison to normal spinal cord diameter. Maximal CSA of intramedullary lesion—0 = no lesion, 1 = 1–35%, 2 = 35–75%, 3 = 75–100% of the spinal cord area. T1W MRI examination—+ available,—not available. FLAIR MRI examination—+ available,—not available. Fluid-filled cavitations/syringomyelia—+ present;—not present. Maximal CSA of intramedullary lesion– 0 = no lesion, 1 = 1–35%, 2 = 35–75%, 3 = 75–100% of spinal cord area. Intramedullary hyperintensity in initial T2W MR images (+/-)—+ present;—not present; n.a. = not available. (XLS)