United States US: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 10.790 % in 2017. United States US: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 10.790 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. United States US: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.; ; International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.; Weighted average;

Population-based county-level estimates for diagnosed (DDP), undiagnosed (UDP), and total diabetes prevalence (TDP) were acquired from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) for the years 2004-2012 (Evaluation 2017). Prevalence estimates were calculated using a two-stage approach. The first stage used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to predict high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (≥126 mg/dL) and/or hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels (≥6.5% [48 mmol/mol]) based on self-reported demographic and behavioral characteristics (Dwyer-Lindgren, Mackenbach et al. 2016). This model was then applied to Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to impute high FPG and/or A1C status for each BRFSS respondent (Dwyer-Lindgren, Mackenbach et al. 2016). The second stage used the imputed BRFSS data to fit a series of small area models, which were used to predict the county-level prevalence of each of the diabetes-related outcomes (Dwyer-Lindgren, Mackenbach et al. 2016). Diagnosed diabetes was defined as the proportion of adults (age 20+ years) who reported a previous diabetes diagnosis, represented as an age-standardized prevalence percentage. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as proportion of adults (age 20+ years) who have a high FPG or HbA1C but did not report a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Total diabetes was defined as the proportion of adults (age 20+ years) who reported a previous diabetes diagnosis and/or had a high FPG/HbA1C. The age-standardized diabetes prevalence (%) was used as the outcome. The EQI was constructed for 2000-2005 for all US counties and is composed of five domains (air, water, built, land, and sociodemographic), each composed of variables to represent the environmental quality of that _domain. Domain-specific EQIs were developed using principal components analysis (PCA) to reduce these variables within each _domain while the overall EQI was constructed from a second PCA from these individual domains (L. C. Messer et al., 2014). To account for differences in environment across rural and urban counties, the overall and _domain-specific EQIs were stratified by rural urban continuum codes (RUCCs) (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2015). This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Human health data are not available publicly. EQI data are available at: https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/NHEERL/EQI. Format: Data are stored as csv files. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Jagai, J., A. Krajewski, S. Shaikh, D. Lobdell, and R. Sargis. Association between environmental quality and diabetes in the U.S.A.. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, 11(2): 315-324, (2020).

Diabetes Mellitus death rates by county, all races (includes Hispanic/Latino), all sexes, all ages, 2019-2023. Death data were provided by the National Vital Statistics System. Death rates (deaths per 100,000 population per year) are age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population (20 age groups: <1, 1-4, 5-9, ... , 80-84, 85-89, 90+). Rates calculated using SEER*Stat. Population counts for denominators are based on Census populations as modified by the National Cancer Institute. The US Population Data File is used for mortality data. The Average Annual Percent Change is based onthe APCs calculated by the Joinpoint Regression Program (Version 4.9.0.0). Due to data availability issues, the time period used in the calculation of the joinpoint regression model may differ for selected counties. Counties with a (3) after their name may have their joinpoint regresssion model calculated using a different time period due to data availability issues.

Key Indicators of Heart Disease

2022 annual CDC survey data of 400k+ adults related to their health status

What subject does the dataset cover?

According to the CDC, heart disease is a leading cause of death for people of most races in the U.S. (African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and whites). About half of all Americans (47%) have at least 1 of 3 major risk factors for heart disease: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. Other key indicators include diabetes status, obesity (high BMI), not getting enough physical activity, or drinking too much alcohol. Identifying and preventing the factors that have the greatest impact on heart disease is very important in healthcare. In turn, developments in computing allow the application of machine learning methods to detect "patterns" in the data that can predict a patient's condition.

Where did the data set come from and what treatments has it undergone?

The dataset originally comes from the CDC and is a major part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which conducts annual telephone surveys to collect data on the health status of U.S. residents. As described by the CDC: "Established in 1984 with 15 states, BRFSS now collects data in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and three U.S. territories. BRFSS completes more than 400,000 adult interviews each year, making it the largest continuously conducted health survey system in the world. The most recent dataset includes data from 2023. In this dataset, I noticed many factors (questions) that directly or indirectly influence heart disease, so I decided to select the most relevant variables from it. I also decided to share with you two versions of the most recent dataset: with NaNs and without it.

What can you do with this data set?

As described above, the original dataset of nearly 300 variables was reduced to 40variables. In addition to classical EDA, this dataset can be used to apply a number of machine learning methods, especially classifier models (logistic regression, SVM, random forest, etc.). You should treat the variable "HadHeartAttack" as binary ("Yes" - respondent had heart disease; "No" - respondent did not have heart disease). Note, however, that the classes are unbalanced, so the classic approach of applying a model is not advisable. Fixing the weights/undersampling should yield much better results. Based on the data set, I built a logistic regression model and embedded it in an application that might inspire you: https://share.streamlit.io/kamilpytlak/heart-condition-checker/main/app.py. Can you indicate which variables have a significant effect on the likelihood of heart disease?

What steps did you use to convert the dataset?

Check out this notebook in my GitHub repository: https://github.com/kamilpytlak/data-science-projects/blob/main/heart-disease-prediction/2022/notebooks/data_processing.ipynb

The size of the North America Self-monitoring Blood Glucose Market was valued at USD 8.10 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 12.99 Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 6.98% during the forecast period. Recent developments include: May 2023: LifeScan announced positive data from a study of real-world evidence supporting its Bluetooth-connected blood glucose meter. Evidence from more than 55,000 people with diabetes demonstrated sustained improvements in readings in range. The analysis focuses on changes over 180 days. LifeScan published results in the peer-reviewed journal Diabetes Therapy. The company’s OneTouch Bluetooth-connected blood glucose meter and mobile diabetes app provide simplicity, accuracy, and trust., January 2023: LifeScan announced that the peer-reviewed Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology published Improved Glycemic Control Using a Bluetooth-Connected Blood Glucose Meter and a Mobile Diabetes App: Real-World Evidence from Over 144,000 People With Diabetes, detailing results from a retrospective analysis of real-world data from over 144,000 people with diabetes is one of the largest combined blood glucose meter and mobile diabetes app datasets ever published.. Key drivers for this market are: Rising Prevalence of Cancer Worldwide, Technological Advancements in Diagnostic Testing; Increasing Demand for Point-of-care Treatment. Potential restraints include: High Cost of Molecular Diagnostic Tests, Lack of Skilled Workforce and Stringent Regulatory Framework. Notable trends are: Blood Glucose Test Strips Held the Largest Market Share in Current Year.

The global Diabetes Care Devices market, valued at approximately $XX million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by rising diabetes prevalence globally, an aging population, and increasing adoption of advanced technologies like continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.10% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a significant expansion, with substantial opportunities across various segments. Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) devices, including glucometers, test strips, and lancets, continue to dominate the market due to their widespread accessibility and affordability. However, the CGM segment is witnessing exponential growth, fueled by its enhanced accuracy, convenience, and ability to provide real-time glucose data, leading to improved diabetes management. The increasing demand for insulin delivery devices, such as insulin pumps, syringes, pens, and jet injectors, also contributes significantly to market expansion. Technological advancements, including the development of integrated devices and improved sensor technologies, are further propelling market growth. The market is geographically diverse, with North America and Europe currently holding the largest market share due to high diabetes prevalence and developed healthcare infrastructure. However, Asia Pacific is emerging as a high-growth region, driven by rising disposable incomes and increasing healthcare awareness. Market restraints include the high cost of advanced devices, particularly CGMs and insulin pumps, which can limit accessibility in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, the need for regular calibration and potential inaccuracies associated with some devices present challenges. Despite these restraints, the continuous development of more affordable and user-friendly devices, coupled with supportive government initiatives and rising awareness campaigns, are expected to mitigate these challenges and drive market expansion throughout the forecast period. Key players in the market, including Abbott, Roche, Dexcom, Medtronic, and Novo Nordisk, are heavily invested in research and development, further fueling innovation and market competition. This competitive landscape will continue to shape the market dynamics, leading to advancements in technology and more accessible and affordable diabetes care solutions. Recent developments include: March 2023: Abbott announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration cleared its FreeStyle Libre 2 and FreeStyle Libre 3 integrated continuous glucose monitoring system sensors for integration with automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. Abbott modified the sensors to enable integration with AID systems., January 2023: LifeScan announced that the peer-reviewed Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology published Improved Glycemic Control Using a Bluetooth Connected Blood Glucose Meter and a Mobile Diabetes App: Real-World Evidence From Over 144,000 People With Diabetes, detailing results from a retrospective analysis of real-world data from over 144,000 people with diabetes - one of the largest combined blood glucose meter and mobile diabetes app datasets ever published.. Notable trends are: The continuous glucose monitoring segment is expected to witness a healthy growth rate over the forecast period.

*(Age-standardised incidence rates per 100,000 individuals per year with 95% confidence intervals. † For cells labeled as NA, 95% CIs could not be estimated as there was only 1 data point).

Dataset name: Diabetes 130-US hospitals for years 1999-2008 Data Set

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease where the blood has high sugar level. It can occur when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces (WHO). Diabetes is a progressive disease that can lead to a significant number of health complications and profoundly reduce the quality of life. While many diabetic patients manage the health complication with diet and exercise, some require medications to control blood glucose level. As published by a research article named “The relationship between diabetes mellitus and 30-day readmission rates”, it is estimated that 9.3% of the population in the United States have diabetes mellitus (DM), 28% of which are undiagnosed. In recent years, government agencies and healthcare systems have increasingly focused on 30-day readmission rates to determine the complexity of their patient populations and to improve quality. Thirty-day readmission rates for hospitalized patients with DM are reported to be between 14.4 and 22.7%, much higher than the rate for all hospitalized patients (8.5–13.5%).

Problem Statement: To identify the factors that lead to the high readmission rate of diabetic patients within 30 days post discharge and correspondingly to predict the high-risk diabetic-patients who are most likely to get readmitted within 30 days so that the quality of care can be improved along with improved patient’s experience, health of the population and reduce costs by lowering readmission rates. Also, to identify the medicines that are the most effective in treating diabetes.

Impact on business: Hospital readmission is an important contributor to total medical expenditures and is an emerging indicator of quality of care. Diabetes, similar to other chronic medical conditions, is associated with increased risk of hospital readmission. As mentioned in the article “Correction to: Hospital Readmission of Patients with Diabetes”, hospital readmission is a high-priority health care quality measure and target for cost reduction, particularly within 30 days of discharge. The burden of diabetes among hospitalized patients is substantial, growing, and costly, and readmissions contribute a significant portion of this burden. Reducing readmission rates among patients with diabetes has the potential to greatly reduce health care costs while simultaneously improving care. Our aim is to provide some insights into the risk factors for readmission and also to identify the medicines that are the most effective in treating diabetes.

Variable identification: 1. Independent variables (49): encounter_id, patient_nbr, race, gender, age, weight, admission_type_id, discharge_disposition_id, admission_source_id, time_in_hospital, payer_code, medical_specialty, num_lab_procedures, num_procedures, num_medications, number_outpatient, number_emergency, number_inpatient, diag_1, diag_2, diag_3, number_diagnoses, max_glu_serum, A1Cresult, metformin, repaglinide, nateglinide, chlorpropamide, glimepiride, acetohexamide, glipizide, glyburide, tolbutamide, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, acarbose, miglitol, troglitazone, tolazamide, examide, citoglipton, insulin, glyburide-metformin, glipizide-metformin, glimepiride-pioglitazone, metformin-rosiglitazone, metformin-pioglitazone, change, diabetesMed. ***2. Dependent variable (1)**:* readmitted (Categorical)

Extra Info: Our dataset consists of hospital admissions of length between one and 14 days that did not result in a patient’s death. Each encounter corresponds to a patient diagnosed with diabetes, although the primary diagnosis may be different. During each of the analyzed encounters, lab tests were ordered and medication was administered.

The North American self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) market, valued at $8.10 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the rising geriatric population. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.98% from 2019 to 2025 indicates a consistent upward trend. Key drivers include advancements in SMBG device technology, such as the development of more accurate, user-friendly, and cost-effective glucometers and lancets. Furthermore, increased awareness of diabetes management and the growing adoption of remote patient monitoring contribute significantly to market expansion. While data for individual countries within North America (United States, Canada, and Rest of North America) are not provided, we can infer that the United States likely holds the largest market share given its substantial population and higher prevalence of diabetes compared to Canada. The Rest of North America segment will likely exhibit moderate growth, reflecting the combined market dynamics of smaller countries in the region. Market restraints may include the potential for reimbursement challenges and the emergence of alternative glucose monitoring technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). However, the overall market outlook remains positive, fueled by the persistent need for effective diabetes management. Major players like Abbott, Roche, and LifeScan continue to innovate and compete, further shaping the market landscape. The forecast period (2025-2033) promises continued growth driven by technological advancements and an aging population requiring consistent blood glucose monitoring. The competitive landscape is characterized by established players like Abbott, Roche, and LifeScan, along with other significant contributors like Arkray, Ascensia, and Agamatrix. These companies are continuously striving for innovation to maintain their market share. This involves introducing technologically advanced devices, improving user experience, and developing more comprehensive diabetes management solutions. The increasing demand for accurate, convenient, and affordable SMBG devices, coupled with the growing awareness of diabetes self-management, will drive further market expansion. The incorporation of data analytics and connectivity features in SMBG devices also plays a crucial role in fostering better diabetes management and patient outcomes, thereby bolstering the market's growth trajectory. The focus on improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs will likely shape future market developments, attracting further investments and technological advancements within the sector. Recent developments include: May 2023: LifeScan announced positive data from a study of real-world evidence supporting its Bluetooth-connected blood glucose meter. Evidence from more than 55,000 people with diabetes demonstrated sustained improvements in readings in range. The analysis focuses on changes over 180 days. LifeScan published results in the peer-reviewed journal Diabetes Therapy. The company’s OneTouch Bluetooth-connected blood glucose meter and mobile diabetes app provide simplicity, accuracy, and trust., January 2023: LifeScan announced that the peer-reviewed Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology published Improved Glycemic Control Using a Bluetooth-Connected Blood Glucose Meter and a Mobile Diabetes App: Real-World Evidence from Over 144,000 People With Diabetes, detailing results from a retrospective analysis of real-world data from over 144,000 people with diabetes is one of the largest combined blood glucose meter and mobile diabetes app datasets ever published.. Notable trends are: Blood Glucose Test Strips Held the Largest Market Share in Current Year.

Cash-Flow-Per-Share Time Series for Senseonics Holdings Inc. Senseonics Holdings, Inc., a commercial-stage medical technology company, focuses on development and manufacturing of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems for people with diabetes in the United States and internationally. The company's products include Eversense, Eversense XL, Eversense E3, and Eversense 365, which are implantable CGM systems to measure glucose levels in people with diabetes through an under-the-skin sensor, a removable and rechargeable smart transmitter, and an app for real-time diabetes monitoring and management. It serves healthcare providers and patients through a network of distributors and strategic fulfillment partners. The company was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Germantown, Maryland.

The size of the Diabetes Care Devices Market in Latin America market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 5.64% during the forecast period. Recent developments include: January 2023: LifeScan announced that the peer-reviewed Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology published Improved Glycemic Control Using a Bluetooth Connected Blood Glucose Meter and a Mobile Diabetes App: Real-World Evidence From Over 144,000 People With Diabetes, detailing results from a retrospective analysis of real-world data from over 144,000 people with diabetes - one of the largest combined blood glucose meter and mobile diabetes app datasets ever published., October 2022: Becton, Dickinson, and Company and Biocorp announced that they had signed an agreement to use connected technology to track adherence to self-administered drug therapies, like biologics. To support biopharmaceutical companies in their efforts to improve the adherence and outcomes of injectable drugs, the two companies will integrate Biocorp's Injay technology-a solution designed to capture and transmit injection events using Near Field Communication technology to the BD UltraSafe Plus Passive Needle Guard used with pre-fillable syringes.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Demand for Better Dentistry and Better Aesthetic outcomes, Increase in the Disposable Income. Potential restraints include: High Cost Associated with the Digital Dentistry. Notable trends are: The Continuous Glucose Monitoring Segment is expected to witness the highest growth rate over the forecast period.

This dataset contains Medicaid data from patients under 18 years of age, by U.S. Census Block Group, in Michigan in 2017. This dataset contains percentage of visits to the Emergency Room, Hospital, and Urgent Care, noting Asthma and Diabetes patients. Medicaid data was provided by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) to Data Driven Detroit in 2018. Data Driven Detroit aggregated the dataset for a statewide analysis. Null values represent no Medicaid data or suppressed numbers (smaller than 6) to protect the information of individuals.Click here for metadata (descriptions of the fields).

Context

Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations. Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses. 58% of US community hospitals are non-profit, 21% are government owned, and 21% are for-profit. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on healthcare per capita ($9,403), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.1%), than any other nation in 2014. Many different datasets are needed to portray different aspects of healthcare in US like disease prevalences, pharmaceuticals and drugs, Nutritional data of different food products available in US. Such data is collected by surveys (or otherwise) conducted by Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Foods and Drugs Administration, Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). These datasets can be used to properly review demographics and diseases, determining start ratings of healthcare providers, different drugs and their compositions as well as package informations for different diseases and for food quality. We often want such information and finding and scraping such data can be a huge hurdle. So, Here an attempt is made to make available all US healthcare data at one place to download from in csv files.

Content

• Nhanes Survey (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) - The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. The survey is unique in that it combines interviews and physical examinations. NHANES is a major program of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). NCHS is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and has the responsibility for producing vital and health statistics for the Nation. The NHANES interview includes demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and health-related questions. The examination component consists of medical, dental, and physiological measurements, as well as laboratory tests administered by highly trained medical personnel. The diseases, medical conditions, and health indicators to be studied include: Anemia, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Environmental exposures, Eye diseases, Hearing loss, Infectious diseases, Kidney disease, Nutrition, Obesity, Oral health, Osteoporosis, Physical fitness and physical functioning, Reproductive history and sexual behavior, Respiratory disease (asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema), Sexually transmitted diseases, Vision. 10000 individuals are surveyed to represent US statistics. Five files in this datasets represent current recent Nhanes data -
  Nhanes_2005_2006.csv
  Nhanes_2007_2008.csv
  Nhanes_2009_2010.csv
  Nhanes_2011_2012.csv
  Nhanes_2013_2014.csv
  
  • Data fields' description -
    • Nhanes_2005_2006.csv - Demographic, Dietary, Examinations, Laboratory
    • Nhanes_2007_2008.csv - Demographic, Dietary, Examinations, Laboratory
    • Nhanes_2009_2010.csv - Demographic, Dietary, Examinations, Laboratory
    • Nhanes_2011_2012.csv - Demographic, Dietary, [Examinations](http://https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/search/variab...

The share of the population with overweight in the United States was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 1.6 percentage points. After the fifteenth consecutive increasing year, the overweight population share is estimated to reach 77.43 percent and therefore a new peak in 2029. Notably, the share of the population with overweight of was continuously increasing over the past years.Overweight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the share of the population with overweight in countries like Canada and Mexico.

Context

The most prevalent condition in the study is obesity, affecting just over 30 percent of Americans and it followed by diabetes which has a national prevalence of 11.2 percent. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease have a prevalence of just under 7 percent while chronic kidney disease is at approximately 3 percent. The CDC stated that "while the estimated number of persons with any underlying medical condition was higher in population-dense metropolitan areas, overall prevalence was higher in rural nonmetropolitan areas". It also added that "the counties with the highest prevalences of any condition were concentrated in Southeastern states, particularly in Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia, as well as some counties in Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and northern Michigan, among others".

https://www.statista.com/chart/22365/prevalence-of-underlying-conditions-in-us-adults/

Content

Several studies have found that the risk of contracting severe Covid-19 that can result in hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation or death increases with age as well as the presence of underlying health conditions. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released a study showing that a considerable share of the American population has some form of underlying health issue, placing them at risk from severe forms of the virus. The study's findings are based on the 2018 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and U.S. Census population data and it determined that 40.7 percent of U.S. adults (aged 18 and over) have a pre-existing health condition.

Acknowledgements

Niall McCarthy, Data Journalist https://www.statista.com/chart/22365/prevalence-of-underlying-conditions-in-us-adults/

Inspiration

Covid-19

A substantial proportion of the adult United States population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are undiagnosed, calling into question the comprehensiveness of current screening practices, which primarily rely on age, family history, and body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that a polygenic score (PGS) may serve as a complementary tool to identify high-risk individuals. The T2D polygenic score maintained predictive utility after adjusting for family history and combining genetics with family history led to even more improved disease risk prediction. We observed that the PGS was meaningfully related to age of onset with implications for screening practices: there was a linear and statistically significant relationship between the PGS and T2D onset (−1.3 years per standard deviation of the PGS). Evaluation of U.S. Preventive Task Force and a simplified version of American Diabetes Association screening guidelines showed that addition of a screening criterion for those above the 90th percentile of the PGS provided a small increase the sensitivity of the screening algorithm. Among T2D-negative individuals, the T2D PGS was associated with prediabetes, where each standard deviation increase of the PGS was associated with a 23% increase in the odds of prediabetes diagnosis. Additionally, each standard deviation increase in the PGS corresponded to a 43% increase in the odds of incident T2D at one-year follow-up. Using complications and forms of clinical intervention (i.e., lifestyle modification, metformin treatment, or insulin treatment) as proxies for advanced illness we also found statistically significant associations between the T2D PGS and insulin treatment and diabetic neuropathy. Importantly, we were able to replicate many findings in a Hispanic/Latino cohort from our database, highlighting the value of the T2D PGS as a clinical tool for individuals with ancestry other than European. In this group, the T2D PGS provided additional disease risk information beyond that offered by traditional screening methodologies. The T2D PGS also had predictive value for the age of onset and for prediabetes among T2D-negative Hispanic/Latino participants. These findings strengthen the notion that a T2D PGS could play a role in the clinical setting across multiple ancestries, potentially improving T2D screening practices, risk stratification, and disease management.

The goal is to predict the rate of heart disease (per 100,000 individuals) across the United States at the county-level from other socioeconomic indicators. The data is compiled from a wide range of sources and made publicly available by the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (USDA ERS).

There are 33 variables in this dataset. Each row in the dataset represents a United States county, and the dataset we are working with covers two particular years, denoted a, and b We don't provide a unique identifier for an individual county, just a row_id for each row.

The variables in the dataset have names that of the form category_variable, where category is the high level category of the variable (e.g. econ or health). variable is what the specific column contains.

We're trying to predict the variable heart_disease_mortality_per_100k (a positive integer) for each row of the test data set.

Columns

area — information about the county

area_rucc — Rural-Urban Continuum Codes "form a classification scheme that distinguishes metropolitan counties by the population size of their metro area, and nonmetropolitan counties by degree of urbanization and adjacency to a metro area. The official Office of Management and Budget (OMB) metro and nonmetro categories have been subdivided into three metro and six nonmetro categories. Each county in the U.S. is assigned one of the 9 codes." (USDA Economic Research Service, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes/)

area_urban_influence — Urban Influence Codes "form a classification scheme that distinguishes metropolitan counties by population size of their metro area, and nonmetropolitan counties by size of the largest city or town and proximity to metro and micropolitan areas." (USDA Economic Research Service, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/urban-influence-codes/)

econ — economic indicators

econ_economic_typology — County Typology Codes "classify all U.S. counties according to six mutually exclusive categories of economic dependence and six overlapping categories of policy-relevant themes. The economic dependence types include farming, mining, manufacturing, Federal/State government, recreation, and nonspecialized counties. The policy-relevant types include low education, low employment, persistent poverty, persistent child poverty, population loss, and retirement destination." (USDA Economic Research Service, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/county-typology-codes.aspx)

econ_pct_civilian_labor — Civilian labor force, annual average, as percent of population (Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/lau/)

econ_pct_unemployment — Unemployment, annual average, as percent of population (Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/lau/)

econ_pct_uninsured_adults — Percent of adults without health insurance (Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/lau/) econ_pct_uninsured_children — Percent of children without health insurance (Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/lau/)

health — health indicators

health_pct_adult_obesity — Percent of adults who meet clinical definition of obese (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion)

health_pct_adult_smoking — Percent of adults who smoke (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System)

health_pct_diabetes — Percent of population with diabetes (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation)

health_pct_low_birthweight — Percent of babies born with low birth weight (National Center for Health Statistics)

health_pct_excessive_drinking — Percent of adult population that engages in excessive consumption of alcohol (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, )

health_pct_physical_inacticity — Percent of adult population that is physically inactive (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion)

health_air_pollution_particulate_matter — Fine particulate matter in µg/m³ (CDC WONDER, https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/help/pm.html)

health_homicides_per_100k — Deaths by homicide per 100,000 population (National Center for Health Statistics)

health_motor_vehicle_crash_deaths_per_100k — Deaths by motor vehicle crash per 100,000 population (National Center for Health Statistics)

health_pop_per_dentist — Population per dentist (HRSA Area Resource File)

health_pop_per_primary_care_physician — Population per Primary Care Physician (HRSA Area Resource File)

demo — demographics information

demo_pct_female — Percent of population that is female (US Census Population Estimates)

demo_pct_below_18_years_of_age — Percent of population that is below 18 years of age (US Census Population Estimates)

demo_pct_aged_65_years_and_older — Percent of population that is aged 65 years or older (US Census Population Estimates)

dem...

Proportion of children aged 10 to 11 years classified as living with obesity. For population monitoring purposes, a child’s body mass index (BMI) is classed as overweight or obese where it is on or above the 85th centile or 95th centile, respectively, based on the British 1990 (UK90) growth reference data. The population monitoring cut offs for overweight and obesity are lower than the clinical cut offs (91st and 98th centiles for overweight and obesity) used to assess individual children; this is to capture children in the population in the clinical overweight or obesity BMI categories and those who are at high risk of moving into the clinical overweight or clinical obesity categories. This helps ensure that adequate services are planned and delivered for the whole population.

Rationale There is concern about the rise of childhood obesity and the implications of obesity persisting into adulthood. The risk of obesity in adulthood and risk of future obesity-related ill health are greater as children get older. Studies tracking child obesity into adulthood have found that the probability of children who are overweight or living with obesity becoming overweight or obese adults increases with age[1,2,3]. The health consequences of childhood obesity include: increased blood lipids, glucose intolerance, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, increases in liver enzymes associated with fatty liver, exacerbation of conditions such as asthma and psychological problems such as social isolation, low self-esteem, teasing and bullying.

It is important to look at the prevalence of weight status across all weight/BMI categories to understand the whole picture and the movement of the population between categories over time.

The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence have produced guidelines to tackle obesity in adults and children - http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG43.

1 Guo SS, Chumlea WC. Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999;70(suppl): 145S-8S.

2 Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Preventative Medicine 1993;22:167-77.

3 Starc G, Strel J. Tracking excess weight and obesity from childhood to young adulthood: a 12-year prospective cohort study in Slovenia. Public Health Nutrition 2011;14:49-55.

Definition of numerator Number of children in year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) with a valid height and weight measured by the NCMP with a BMI classified as living with obesity or severe obesity (BMI on or above 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference).

Definition of denominator Number of children in year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) with a valid height and weight measured by the NCMP.

Caveats Data for local authorities may not match that published by NHS England which are based on the local authority of the school attended by the child or based on the local authority that submitted the data. There is a strong correlation between deprivation and child obesity prevalence and users of these data may wish to examine the pattern in their local area. Users may wish to produce thematic maps and charts showing local child obesity prevalence. When presenting data in charts or maps it is important, where possible, to consider the confidence intervals (CIs) around the figures. This analysis supersedes previously published data for small area geographies and historically published data should not be compared to the latest publication. Estimated data published in this fingertips tool is not comparable with previously published data due to changes in methods over the different years of production. These methods changes include; moving from estimated numbers at ward level to actual numbers; revision of geographical boundaries (including ward boundary changes and conversion from 2001 MSOA boundaries to 2011 boundaries); disclosure control methodology changes. The most recently published data applies the same methods across all years of data. There is the potential for error in the collection, collation and interpretation of the data (bias may be introduced due to poor response rates and selective opt out of children with a high BMI for age/sex which it is not possible to control for). There is not a good measure of response bias and the degree of selective opt out, but participation rates (the proportion of eligible school children who were measured) may provide a reasonable proxy; the higher the participation rate, the less chance there is for selective opt out, though this is not a perfect method of assessment. Participation rates for each local authority are available in the https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/national-child-measurement-programme/data#page/4/gid/8000022/ of this profile.

*(Age-standardised incidence rates per 100,000 individuals per year with 95% confidence intervals. † For cells labeled as NA, 95% CIs could not be estimated as there was only 1 datapoint).

How many people have received a coronavirus vaccine?

Tracking COVID-19 vaccination rates is crucial to understand the scale of protection against the virus, and how this is distributed across the global population.

A global, aggregated database on COVID-19 vaccination rates is essential to monitor progress, but it is unfortunately not yet available. This dataset provides the last weekly update of vaccination rates.

Last update

June 2021

Content

Colums description: 1. iso_code: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 – three-letter country codes 2. continent: Continent of the geographical location 3. location: Geographical location 4. date: Date of observation 5. total_cases: Total confirmed cases of COVID-19 6. new_cases: New confirmed cases of COVID-19 7. new_cases_smoothed: New confirmed cases of COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) 8. total_deaths: Total deaths attributed to COVID-19 9. new_deaths: New deaths attributed to COVID-19 10. new_deaths_smoothed: New deaths attributed to COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) 11. total_cases_per_million: Total confirmed cases of COVID-19 per 1,000,000 people 12. new_cases_per_million: New confirmed cases of COVID-19 per 1,000,000 people 13. new_cases_smoothed_per_million: New confirmed cases of COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) per 1,000,000 people 14. total_deaths_per_million: Total deaths attributed to COVID-19 per 1,000,000 people 15. new_deaths_per_million: New deaths attributed to COVID-19 per 1,000,000 people 16. new_deaths_smoothed_per_million: New deaths attributed to COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) per 1,000,000 people 17. reproduction_rate: Real-time estimate of the effective reproduction rate (R) of COVID-19. See http://trackingr-env.eba-9muars8y.us-east-2.elasticbeanstalk.com/FAQ 18. icu_patients: Number of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICUs) on a given day 19. icu_patients_per_million: Number of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICUs) on a given day per 1,000,000 people 20. hosp_patients: Number of COVID-19 patients in hospital on a given day 21. hosp_patients_per_million: Number of COVID-19 patients in hospital on a given day per 1,000,000 people 22. weekly_icu_admissions: Number of COVID-19 patients newly admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in a given week 23. weekly_icu_admissions_per_million: Number of COVID-19 patients newly admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in a given week per 1,000,000 people 24. weekly_hosp_admissions: Number of COVID-19 patients newly admitted to hospitals in a given week 25. weekly_hosp_admissions_per_million: Number of COVID-19 patients newly admitted to hospitals in a given week per 1,000,000 people 26. total_tests: Total tests for COVID-19 27. new_tests: New tests for COVID-19 28. new_tests_smoothed: New tests for COVID-19 (7-day smoothed). For countries that don't report testing data on a daily basis, we assume that testing changed equally on a daily basis over any periods in which no data was reported. This produces a complete series of daily figures, which is then averaged over a rolling 7-day window 29. total_tests_per_thousand: Total tests for COVID-19 per 1,000 people 30. new_tests_per_thousand: New tests for COVID-19 per 1,000 people 31. new_tests_smoothed_per_thousand: New tests for COVID-19 (7-day smoothed) per 1,000 people 32. tests_per_case: Tests conducted per new confirmed case of COVID-19, given as a rolling 7-day average (this is the inverse of positive_rate) 33. positive_rate: The share of COVID-19 tests that are positive, given as a rolling 7-day average (this is the inverse of tests_per_case) 34. tests_units: Units used by the location to report its testing data 35. total_vaccinations: Number of COVID-19 vaccination doses administered 36. total_vaccinations_per_hundred: Number of COVID-19 vaccination doses administered per 100 people 37. stringency_index: Government Response Stringency Index: composite measure based on 9 response indicators including school closures, workplace closures, and travel bans, rescaled to a value from 0 to 100 (100 = strictest response) 38. population: Population in 2020 39. population_density: Number of people divided by land area, measured in square kilometers, most recent year available 40. median_age: Median age of the population, UN projection for 2020 41. aged_65_older: Share of the population that is 65 years and older, most recent year available 42. aged_70_older: Share of the population that is 70 years and older in 2015 43. gdp_per_capita: Gross domestic product at purchasing power parity (constant 2011 international dollars), most recent year available 44. extreme_poverty: Share of the population living in extreme poverty, most recent year available since 2010 45. cardiovasc_death_rate: Death rate from cardiovascular disease in 2017 (annual number of deaths per 100,000 people) 46. diabetes_prevalence: Diabetes prevalence (% of population aged 20 to 79) in 2017 47. female...