The Tax Foundation’s publication Corporate Tax Rates around the World shows how statutory corporate income tax rates have developed since 1980, with data for over 200 jurisdictions for the year 2023. The dataset we compiled for the years 1980 to 2023 is made available as a resource for research.

Scope

The dataset compiled for this publication includes the 2023 statutory corporate income tax rates of 225 sovereign states and dependent territories around the world. Tax rates were researched only for jurisdictions that are among the around 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (The jurisdictions Netherland Antilles (which was split into different jurisdictions in 2010) and Kosovo (which has not yet officially been assigned a country code) were added to the dataset.) As a result, zones or territories that are independent taxing jurisdictions but do not have their own country code are generally not included in the dataset.

In addition, the dataset includes historic statutory corporate income tax rates for the time period 1980 to 2022. However, these years cover tax rates of fewer than 225 jurisdictions due to missing data points. Please let Tax Foundation know if you are aware of any sources for historic corporate tax rates that are not mentioned in this report, as we constantly strive to improve our datasets.

To be able to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates weighted by GDP, the dataset includes GDP data for 181 jurisdictions. When used to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates, either weighted by GDP or unweighted, only these 181 jurisdictions are included (to ensure the comparability of the unweighted and weighted averages).

Definition of Selected Corporate Income Tax Rate

The dataset captures standard top statutory corporate income tax rates levied on domestic businesses. This means:

The dataset does not reflect special tax regimes, including but not limited to patent boxes, offshore regimes, or special rates for specific industries. A number of countries levy lower rates for businesses below a certain revenue threshold. The dataset does not capture these lower rates. A few countries levy gross revenue taxes on businesses instead of corporate income taxes. Since the tax rates of a corporate income tax and a gross revenue tax are not comparable, these countries are excluded from the dataset. Some countries have a separate tax rate for nonresident companies. This dataset does not consider nonresident tax rates that differ from the general corporate rate.

Explanation of Files

source-data

• country_codes.csv Dataset that includes all 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Includes official country names in various languages, ISO country codes, continents, and further geographical information.

• data_rates_1980_2022.csv Tax Foundation's dataset of statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2022. This dataset has been built in stages since 2015.

• RealGDPValues.xlsx U.S. Department of Agriculture's dataset of historical and projected real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and growth rates of GDP for 181 countries and various regions (in billions of 2015 dollars) for the years 1970 to 2032.

intermediate-ouptuts

• gdp_iso.csv GDP data paired with ISO country codes for the years 1980 to 2023.

• rates_final.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of all countries for which data was available in 2023 (data from OECD, KPMG, and researched individually).

• rates_preliminary.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of countries for - which OECD data was available for the year 2023. Does not include countries for which the rate was researched and added individually.

final-data

• final_data_2023.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Only includes countries for which both the corporate income tax rates and GDP data were available.

• final_data_2023_gdp_incomplete.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Includes all countries for which we have data for the corporate income tax rate, including countries for which we do not have GDP data.

• final_data_long.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of all countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes all countries that have an ISO countr...

The Corporate Tax Rate in the United States stands at 21 percent. This dataset provides - United States Corporate Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Personal Income Tax Rate in Denmark stands at 55.90 percent. This dataset provides - Denmark Personal Income Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Personal Income Tax Rate in Sweden stands at 52 percent. This dataset provides - Sweden Personal Income Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Individuals; Tax filers and dependants by total income, sex and age groups (final T1 Family File; T1FF).

Interest is charged if payment is not received by the due date. Remember: if the due date falls on a weekend or holiday, your payment is due the next working day.

The Ministry of Finance also applies interest to amounts the ministry owes to individuals and corporations.

Tax interest is compounded daily and interest rates are reset every 3 months.

Note: Provincial land tax interest rates are not reset every three months. Provincial land tax interest rates are summarized on the "https://www.ontario.ca/document/provincial-land-tax">provincial land tax webpage.

Note: Interest rates do not apply to the Estate Administration Tax Act, 1998.

Current interest rates (October 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025):

• 8% on taxes you owe to the ministry
• 2% on taxes you overpaid
• 5% on taxes or refunds you are eligible for as a result of a successful appeal or objection
• 6% on late International Fuel Tax Agreement payments
• 6% on International Fuel Tax Agreement refunds the ministry has not paid you within 90 days

You can download the dataset to view the historical tax interest rates.

Non-Resident Speculation Tax (NRST)

(1) Interest on tax you overpaid begins to accrue 40 business days after a complete NRST rebate or refund application is received by the Ministry of Finance to the date the rebate or refund is paid.

(2) On refunds you are eligible for as a result of a successful appeal or objection of a NRST refund/rebate disallowance, the interest rate is the same rate as though you had overpaid and will begin to accrue 40 business days after a complete NRST rebate or refund application is received by the Ministry of Finance to the date the rebate or refund is paid. Refunds as a result of a successful appeal or objection of NRST that was paid pursuant to a Notice of Assessment, interest will accrue at the higher appeals/objection rate, beginning to accrue from the date of payment to the date the rebate or refund is paid.

This table provides census family taxation statistics, including effective tax and transfer rates, the total amount of taxes paid and government transfers received, and the proportion of Canadian census families that pay tax or receive government transfers.

This data collection was developed for general use as part of CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY, 1973, AND SOCIAL SECURITY RECORDS: EXACT MATCH DATA (ICPSR 7616). This file merges information from two administrative sources: the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Social Security Administration (SSA). The starting point of the merged dataset was the IRS Tax Model File of Individual Income Tax Returns, a public-use IRS file designed to simulate the administrative and revenue impact of tax law changes. It contains over 100,000 federal income tax returns subsampled from the STATISTICS OF INCOME sample of the following 1972 tax forms: (1) 1040, Individual Income Tax Return (and its associated schedules), (2) 1040A, Individual Income Tax Return, Short Form, (3) 4625, Computation of Minimum Tax, (4) Maximum Tax on Earned Income, (5) Application for Automatic Extension of Time to File United States Individual Income Tax Return, (6) 4874, Credit for Wages Paid or Incurred in Work Incentive (WIN) Programs, and (7) 4875, Presidential Election Campaign Fund Statement. The nearly 170 items extracted from these tax forms include exemptions, earned and unearned income, income loss, foreign tax credit, medical and dental expenses over 3 percent of AGI, state and local income taxes, and capital gains and losses. To this individual income tax data, the Social Security Administration matched (using the unique identifier of Social Security number) selected demographic information (including such variables as the race, sex, and age of the primary taxpayer) from the SSA's longitudinal summary earnings files for income year 1972. The data are weighted. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR at https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07667.v1. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

The Personal Income Tax Rate in France stands at 45 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - France Personal Income Tax Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Personal income tax is collected annually from Ontario residents and those who earned income in the province. The tax is calculated separately from federal income tax. There are 5 Ontario income tax brackets and 5 corresponding tax rates. For an explanation of these rates and credits, refer to the federal and provincial personal income tax return for the applicable year. To get a copy of the return (also known as a T1) contact the Canada Revenue Agency at 1-800-959-8281 or visit canada.ca/cra-forms. Read on: about personal income tax This data is related to: * Filing your tax return * Taxes and benefits * Business income tax Related data: * Personal income tax * Provincial tax database

Source: Publication 15-A Cat. No. 21453T Employer's Supplemental Tax Guide (Supplement to Pub. 15, Employer's Tax Guide) For use in 2018

Full Name: Wage Bracket Percentage Method Tables for Computing Income Tax Withholding From Gross Wages (For Wages Paid in 2018, America)

This data set represents the American 2018 tables for withholding gross wages (not from wages exceeding allowance amount). Wages withheld from employee checks by the employer are computed by looking employee's W-4 form, finding the number of allowances, the pay-period of the business(Weekly, Semi-Monthly, etc..) and filing status (Married/Single), and then finding the wage range the employees change fall into. Once this is done, the employer will subtract a pre determined base amount (Base Amount Subtracted from Gross Wages), multiply that by a per-determined percentage (Percentage to Multiply), and the result will be the amount withheld from the employee's check for federal taxes. This amount does not include state, social security, and other taxes.
For example, an employee that is paid on a Bi-Weekly basis, that has filed for 2 allowances and Single, who has earned $2000 in the pay-period will have the following amount withheld from their check for federal taxes:

$2000 - $1171.38(base amount) = $828.62

$828.62 * .22 (per-determined percentage ) = $182.30 (amount withheld from their check for federal taxes)

This data set was developed from a burning hatred for not being able to find this information in an excel or csv format. So I have made one that can hopefully save someone else a little time and energy. For more information on tax laws and practices in America, please refer to the IRS.

This table provides individual taxation statistics, including effective tax and transfer rates, the total amount of taxes paid and government transfers received, and the proportion of Canadian taxfilers that pay tax or receive government transfers.

The Personal Income Tax Rate in Romania stands at 10 percent. This dataset provides - Romania Personal Income Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This dataset presents information on historical central government revenues for 31 countries in Europe and the Americas for the period from 1800 (or independence) to 2012. The countries included are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany (West Germany between 1949 and 1990), Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. In other words, the dataset includes all South American, North American, and Western European countries with a population of more than one million, plus Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Mexico. The dataset contains information on the public finances of central governments. To make such information comparable cross-nationally we have chosen to normalize nominal revenue figures in two ways: (i) as a share of the total budget, and (ii) as a share of total gross domestic product. The total tax revenue of the central state is disaggregated guided by the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which provides a classification of types of revenue, and describes in detail the contents of each classification category. Given the paucity of detailed historical data and the needs of our project, we combined some subcategories. First, we are interested in total tax revenue (centaxtot), as well as the shares of total revenue coming from direct (centaxdirectsh) and indirect (centaxindirectsh) taxes. Further, we measure two sub-categories of direct taxation, namely taxes on property (centaxpropertysh) and income (centaxincomesh). For indirect taxes, we separate excises (centaxexcisesh), consumption (centaxconssh), and customs(centaxcustomssh).

For a more detailed description of the dataset and the coding process, see the codebook available in the .zip-file.

Purpose:

This dataset presents information on historical central government revenues for 31 countries in Europe and the Americas for the period from 1800 (or independence) to 2012. The countries included are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany (West Germany between 1949 and 1990), Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. In other words, the dataset includes all South American, North American, and Western European countries with a population of more than one million, plus Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Mexico. The dataset contains information on the public finances of central governments. To make such information comparable cross-nationally we have chosen to normalize nominal revenue figures in two ways: (i) as a share of the total budget, and (ii) as a share of total gross domestic product. The total tax revenue of the central state is disaggregated guided by the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which provides a classification of types of revenue, and describes in detail the contents of each classification category. Given the paucity of detailed historical data and the needs of our project, we combined some subcategories. First, we are interested in total tax revenue (centaxtot), as well as the shares of total revenue coming from direct (centaxdirectsh) and indirect (centaxindirectsh) taxes. Further, we measure two sub-categories of direct taxation, namely taxes on property (centaxpropertysh) and income (centaxincomesh). For indirect taxes, we separate excises (centaxexcisesh), consumption (centaxconssh), and customs(centaxcustomssh).

AbstractTaxation Statistics 2020-21 is a continental dataset providing an overview of the income and tax status of Australian individuals, companies, partnerships, trusts and funds for the 2020-21 financial year.The dataset was compiled for the annual publication, Taxation Statistics, the ATO’s key statistical report. It provides a comprehensive statistical summary of information taxpayers report to the ATO. It includes information sourced from:The income tax returns of individuals, companies, super funds, partnerships and trusts.Annual returns for fringe benefits tax (FBT) and goods and services tax (GST).Business activity statements (BAS) and instalment activity statements (IAS).Schedules for rental properties, capital gains tax (CGT) and international dealings.Superannuation member contribution statements (MCS).Other information reported to the ATO in relation to excise, the pay as you go (PAYG) system, and charitable institutions.Previous versions of this dataset are available on the Australian Government open government data portal data.gov.auCurrencyDate Published: 07 March 2023Date Updated: 13 September 2024Modification Frequency: As neededData ExtentGeocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94)Spatial ExtentNorth: -9.1°South: -43.6°East: 159.1°West: 96.8°Source InformationData and Metadata are available from Taxation Statistics 2020-21 - Dataset - data.gov.auThe data was obtained from the Australian Taxation Office.Catalog Entry: Taxation Statistics 2020-21 | Datasets | data.gov.auLineage StatementThis layer was put together using two datasets. Australian taxation and income data provided by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO), was joined to the 2016 Postal Areas shapefile provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).Postal AreasPostal Areas (POA) are an ABS Mesh Block approximation of a general definition of postcodes. They enable comparison of ABS data with other data collected using postcodes as the geographic reference. ABS approximations of administrative boundaries do not match official legal boundaries exactly and should only be used for statistical purposes.Data and geography referencesSource data publication: Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Edition 2 - Postal AreasFurther information: Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Edition 2 - Non ABS StructuresSource: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)Data PreparationThe CSV was joined to the POA geographies using the 4 digit postcode. For the CSV, it was exported as a file geodatabase and a new field had to be generated where the postcodes were entered as text data to maintain the leading zeroes. The new text postcode field was then joined to the ABS POA_Name field.All data manipulations, joins, and spatial operations were performed using ArcGIS Pro 3.4.3.Data dictionaryAttribute nameDescriptionPostcodesThe postcode affiliated with that areaAREA_SQKMThe area in square kilometres of the postcodeAverage taxable income or lossThe average taxable income or loss of the postcodeNumber of individuals lodging an income tax returnThe number of individuals lodging a tax return in that postcodeCount taxable income or lossThe number of individuals reporting taxable income or loss in the postcodeMedian taxable income or lossThe median taxable income or loss of the postcodeProportion with salary or wagesThe proportion of individuals reporting salary or wages in the postcodeCount salary or wagesThe number of individuals reporting salary or wages in the postcodeAverage salary or wagesThe average salary or wages of the postcodeMedian salary or wagesThe median salary or wages of the postcodeProportion with net rentThe proportion of individuals reporting net rent in the postcodeCount net rentThe number of individuals reporting net rent in the postcodeAverage net rentThe average cost of net rent in the postcodeMedian net rentThe median net rent in the postcodeCount total income or lossThe number of individuals reporting total income or loss in the postcodeAverage total income or lossThe average total income or loss of the postcodeMedian total income or lossThe median total income or loss of the postcodeCount total deductionsCount of individuals reporting total deductions in the postcodeAverage total deductionsThe average total deductions of the postcodeMedian total deductionsThe median total deductions of the postcodeProportion with total business incomeThe proportion of individuals reporting business income in the postcodeCount total business incomeThe number of individuals reporting business income in the postcodeAverage total business incomeThe average total business income in the postcodeMedian total business incomeThe median total business income in the postcodeCount total business expensesThe number of individuals reporting business expenses in the postcodeAverage total business expensesThe average business expenses in the postcodeMedian total business expensesThe median business expenses in the postcodeProportion with net taxThe proportion of individuals with net tax in the postcodeCount net taxThe number of individuals with net tax in the postcodeAverage net taxThe average net tax in the postcodeMedian net taxThe median net tax in the postcodeCount super total accounts balanceThe total number of super accounts in the postcodeAverage super total accounts balanceThe average balance of super accounts in the postcodeMedian super total accounts balanceThe median balance of super accounts in the postcodeProportion with total business expensesThe proportion of individuals reporting business expenses in the postcodeSHAPE_LengthLength of polygon outlineSHAPE_AreaArea of the polygonContactAustralian Taxation Office, taxstats@ato.gov.au

Recent studies suggest that public policy in established democracies mostly caters to the interests of the rich and ignores the average citizen when their preferences diverge. I argue that high-income taxation has become a clear illustration of this pattern, and I test the proposition on a least likely case: Norway. I asked Norwegians to design their preferred tax rate structure, and subsequently matched their answers with registry data on what people at different incomes actually pay in tax. I find that within the top 1 percent, tax rates are far below (as much as 23 percentage points) from where citizens want them to be. A follow-up survey showed that this divergence is entirely driven by capital incomes being taxed too low. My results suggest that even in a fairly egalitarian society like Norway, the rich get away with paying considerably less in tax than what people deem fair.

AbstractTaxation Statistics 2021-22 is a continental dataset providing an overview of the income and tax status of Australian individuals, companies, partnerships, trusts and funds for the 2021-22 financial year.The dataset was compiled for the annual publication, Taxation Statistics, the ATO’s key statistical report. It provides a comprehensive statistical summary of information taxpayers report to the ATO. It includes information sourced from:The income tax returns of individuals, companies, super funds, partnerships and trusts.Annual returns for fringe benefits tax (FBT) and goods and services tax (GST).Business activity statements (BAS) and instalment activity statements (IAS).Schedules for rental properties, capital gains tax (CGT) and international dealings.Superannuation member contribution statements (MCS).Other information reported to the ATO in relation to excise, the pay as you go (PAYG) system, and charitable institutions.Previous versions of this dataset are available on the Australian Government open government data portal data.gov.auCurrencyDate Published: 25 September 2023Date Updated: 13 September 2024Modification Frequency: As neededData ExtentSpatial ExtentNorth: -9.1°South: -43.6°East: 159.1°West: 96.8°Source InformationData and Metadata are available from Taxation Statistics 2021-22 | Datasets | data.gov.au, Taxation Statistics 2021-22 - Dataset - data.gov.au.The data was obtained from the Australian Taxation Office.Catalog Entry: Taxation Statistics 2021-22 | Datasets | data.gov.auLineage statementThis layer was put together using two datasets. Australian taxation and income data provided by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO), was joined to the 2021 Postal Areas shapefile provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).Postal AreasPostal Areas are an ABS Mesh Block approximation of a general definition of postcodes. They enable comparison of ABS data with other data collected using postcodes as the geographic reference. ABS approximations of administrative boundaries do not match official legal boundaries and should only be used for statistical purposes.Data and geography referencesSource data publication: Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Edition 3Geographic boundary information: Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Edition 3 - Postal AreasFurther information: Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Edition 3 - Non ABS StructuresSource: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)Data PreparationThe CSV was joined to the POA geographies using the 4 digit postcode. For the CSV, it was exported as a file geodatabase and a new field had to be generated where the postcodes were entered as text data to maintain the leading zeroes. The new text postcode field was then joined to the ABS POA_Name field.All data manipulations, joins, and spatial operations were performed using ArcGIS Pro 3.4.3.Data dictionaryAttribute nameDescriptionPostcodesThe postcode affiliated with that areaAREA_SQKMThe area in square kilometres of the postcodeAverage taxable income or lossThe average taxable income or loss of the postcodeNumber of individuals lodging an income tax returnThe number of individuals lodging a tax return in that postcodeCount taxable income or lossThe number of individuals reporting taxable income or loss in the postcodeMedian taxable income or lossThe median taxable income or loss of the postcodeProportion with salary or wagesThe proportion of individuals reporting salary or wages in the postcodeCount salary or wagesThe number of individuals reporting salary or wages in the postcodeAverage salary or wagesThe average salary or wages of the postcodeMedian salary or wagesThe median salary or wages of the postcodeProportion with net rentThe proportion of individuals reporting net rent in the postcodeCount net rentThe number of individuals reporting net rent in the postcodeAverage net rentThe average cost of net rent in the postcodeMedian net rentThe median net rent in the postcodeCount total income or lossThe number of individuals reporting total income or loss in the postcodeAverage total income or lossThe average total income or loss of the postcodeMedian total income or lossThe median total income or loss of the postcodeCount total deductionsCount of individuals reporting total deductions in the postcodeAverage total deductionsThe average total deductions of the postcodeMedian total deductionsThe median total deductions of the postcodeProportion with total business incomeThe proportion of individuals reporting business income in the postcodeCount total business incomeThe number of individuals reporting business income in the postcodeAverage total business incomeThe average total business income in the postcodeMedian total business incomeThe median total business income in the postcodeCount total business expensesThe number of individuals reporting business expenses in the postcodeAverage total business expensesThe average business expenses in the postcodeMedian total business expensesThe median business expenses in the postcodeProportion with net taxThe proportion of individuals with net tax in the postcodeCount net taxThe number of individuals with net tax in the postcodeAverage net taxThe average net tax in the postcodeMedian net taxThe median net tax in the postcodeCount super total accounts balanceThe total number of super accounts in the postcodeAverage super total accounts balanceThe average balance of super accounts in the postcodeMedian super total accounts balanceThe median balance of super accounts in the postcodeProportion with total business expensesThe proportion of individuals reporting business expenses in the postcodeSHAPE_LengthLength of polygon outlineSHAPE_AreaArea of the polygonContactAustralian Taxation Office, taxstats@ato.gov.au

Description

This comprehensive dataset provides a wealth of information about all countries worldwide, covering a wide range of indicators and attributes. It encompasses demographic statistics, economic indicators, environmental factors, healthcare metrics, education statistics, and much more. With every country represented, this dataset offers a complete global perspective on various aspects of nations, enabling in-depth analyses and cross-country comparisons.

Key Features

• Country: Name of the country.
• Density (P/Km2): Population density measured in persons per square kilometer.
• Abbreviation: Abbreviation or code representing the country.
• Agricultural Land (%): Percentage of land area used for agricultural purposes.
• Land Area (Km2): Total land area of the country in square kilometers.
• Armed Forces Size: Size of the armed forces in the country.
• Birth Rate: Number of births per 1,000 population per year.
• Calling Code: International calling code for the country.
• Capital/Major City: Name of the capital or major city.
• CO2 Emissions: Carbon dioxide emissions in tons.
• CPI: Consumer Price Index, a measure of inflation and purchasing power.
• CPI Change (%): Percentage change in the Consumer Price Index compared to the previous year.
• Currency_Code: Currency code used in the country.
• Fertility Rate: Average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.
• Forested Area (%): Percentage of land area covered by forests.
• Gasoline_Price: Price of gasoline per liter in local currency.
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product, the total value of goods and services produced in the country.
• Gross Primary Education Enrollment (%): Gross enrollment ratio for primary education.
• Gross Tertiary Education Enrollment (%): Gross enrollment ratio for tertiary education.
• Infant Mortality: Number of deaths per 1,000 live births before reaching one year of age.
• Largest City: Name of the country's largest city.
• Life Expectancy: Average number of years a newborn is expected to live.
• Maternal Mortality Ratio: Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
• Minimum Wage: Minimum wage level in local currency.
• Official Language: Official language(s) spoken in the country.
• Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (%): Percentage of total health expenditure paid out-of-pocket by individuals.
• Physicians per Thousand: Number of physicians per thousand people.
• Population: Total population of the country.
• Population: Labor Force Participation (%): Percentage of the population that is part of the labor force.
• Tax Revenue (%): Tax revenue as a percentage of GDP.
• Total Tax Rate: Overall tax burden as a percentage of commercial profits.
• Unemployment Rate: Percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.
• Urban Population: Percentage of the population living in urban areas.
• Latitude: Latitude coordinate of the country's location.
• Longitude: Longitude coordinate of the country's location.

Potential Use Cases

• Analyze population density and land area to study spatial distribution patterns.
• Investigate the relationship between agricultural land and food security.
• Examine carbon dioxide emissions and their impact on climate change.
• Explore correlations between economic indicators such as GDP and various socio-economic factors.
• Investigate educational enrollment rates and their implications for human capital development.
• Analyze healthcare metrics such as infant mortality and life expectancy to assess overall well-being.
• Study labor market dynamics through indicators such as labor force participation and unemployment rates.
• Investigate the role of taxation and its impact on economic development.
• Explore urbanization trends and their social and environmental consequences.

Data Source: This dataset was compiled from multiple data sources

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This table contains data on the living wage and the percent of families with incomes below the living wage for California, its counties, regions and cities/towns. Living wage is the wage needed to cover basic family expenses (basic needs budget) plus all relevant taxes; it does not include publicly provided income or housing assistance. The percent of families below the living wage was calculated using data from the Living Wage Calculator and the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. The table is part of a series of indicators in the Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project of the Office of Health Equity. The living wage is the wage or annual income that covers the cost of the bare necessities of life for a worker and his/her family. These necessities include housing, transportation, food, childcare, health care, and payment of taxes. Low income populations and non-white race/ethnic have disproportionately lower wages, poorer housing, and higher levels of food insecurity. More information about the data table and a data dictionary can be found in the About/Attachments section.

The main data files of 2010-2020 US state + DC corporate (top/max), personal (top/max), and sales tax rates are State_Taxes.dta in Stata dta format, and State_Taxes.csv, which is the same, but converted to a csv file.

For more details concerning variables and sources, see Readme.md.