Table showing the numbers and percentage of resident population (all ages) broken down into six faiths, plus no religion and any other religion. Data is taken from the Annual Population Survey (ONS). The data covers: Christian, Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, any other religion and no religion at all. 95% Confidence Intervals are shown. Or alternatively, faith data from the 2011 Census is able to show numbers for each of the main religions.

The Freikorps Grün Loudon started as a German mercenary formation raised in spring 1790 to provide the Habsburg army with a light infantry force against the short-lived Brabant Republic. The Freikorps continued to serve during the First Coalition War against Revolutionary France (1792-97). As the conflict dragged on, the Rhineland, which served as its primary recruitment area was occupied by the enemy. As a result, the Freikorps shifted its main recruitment efforts to the Habsburg province of Galicia where a large Jewish population lived. The first Jews volunteers were enlisted in spring 1796. Within a year, Jewish soldiers comprised more than one per cent of the unit's strength. This proportion was kept until the Freikorps was disbanded in summer 1798.

With a total number of 27 individual entries, this dataset covers every single Jewish soldier who served in the unit. In addition to basic bibliographical information, the dataset includes reconstructions of complete service itineraries. Some of these are so detailed that the whereabouts and doings of individual soldiers could be traced month after months. After Freikorps Grün Loudon was disbanded, 22 surviving Jewish veterans were transferred to the 3rd and 4th Light Infantry Battalions. Their subsequent service and eventual fates are covered as well. In the dataset includes partial information about three spouses and two children, whose their existence can be discerned from soldiers' personal records.

In terms of their service experiences, the Jewish members of the Freikorps Grün Loudon did not differ much from other mercenary soldiers of that period. As implied by their name, Freikorps units did not form part of the standing army. Manned by foreign renegades and local volunteers, their soldiers were considered more expandable, and Freikorps used to suffer high combat losses. Tactically, Freikorps were often divided into small raiding detachments, which meant their soldiers often remained outside of the direct supervision of their officers. This resulted in high desertion rates. At the same time, the Freikorps also had a committed core of highly-dedicated professional soldiers. Among the veterans of the Freikorps Grün Loudon was Samuel Prager – one of the first documented Jewish soldiers in modern history to rise to the rank of Company Sergeant Major.

For more information on the Freikorps Grün Loudon, see:

Alfons von Wrede, Geschichte der k. und k. Wehrmacht, 5 Vols., (Vienna: Seidel, 1898–1905), Vol. 2, pp. 445-6.

For more information how to identify Jewish soldiers in Habsburg military records, see:

Ilya Berkovich, 'Nachweis von Konfession und Religion in habsburgischen Militärmatriken', Die Habsburgermonarchie: Fragen, Quellen und Ergebnisee zur Geschichte der Neuzeit (Blog), (10 January 2020).

This study, designed and carried out by the "http://www.asarb.org/" Target="_blank">Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), compiled data on 372 religious bodies by county in the United States. Of these, the ASARB was able to gather data on congregations and adherents for 217 religious bodies and on congregations only for 155. Participating bodies included 354 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints, Messianic Jews, and Unitarian/Universalist groups); counts of Jain, Shinto, Sikh, Tao, Zoroastrian, American Ethical Union, and National Spiritualist Association congregations, and counts of congregations and adherents from Baha'i, three Buddhist groupings, two Hindu groupings, four Jewish groupings, and Muslims. The 372 groups reported a total of 356,642 congregations with 161,224,088 adherents, comprising 48.6 percent of the total U.S. population of 331,449,281. Membership totals were estimated for some religious groups.

In January 2024, the ARDA added 21 religious tradition (RELTRAD) variables to this dataset. These variables start at variable #12 (TOTCNG_2020). Categories were assigned based on pages 88-94 in the original "https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1638" Target="_blank">2020 U.S. Religion Census Report.

Visit the "https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/sources-for-religious-congregations-membership-data" Target="_blank">frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data sources.

Census 2021 data on religion by economic activity status, by sex, by age, and religion by occupation, by sex, by age, England and Wales combined. This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

The religion people connect or identify with (their religious affiliation), whether or not they practise or have belief in it.
This question was voluntary and the variable includes people who answered the question, including “No religion”, alongside those who chose not to answer this question.

Total counts for some population groups may not match between published tables. This is to protect the confidentiality of individuals' data. Population counts have been rounded to the nearest 5 and any counts below 10 are suppressed, this is signified by a 'c' in the data tables.

This dataset shows population counts for usual residents aged between 16 to 64 years old only. This is to focus on religious affiliation differences among the working age. Population counts in these tables may be different from other publications which use different age breakdowns.

Quality notes can be found here

Quality information about Labour Market can be found here

The Standard Occupation Classification 2020 code used can be found here

Religion

The 8 ‘tickbox’ religious groups are as follows:

• Buddhist
• Christian
• Hindu
• Jewish
• Muslim
• No religion
• Sikh
• Other religion

The data at hand is a follow-up study of the study ZA8682 on population structure and population movement (i.e.: age-structure, gender, family status, amount of birth, amount of death). The present study (ZA8683) deals with the religious affiliation of North Rhine-Westphalia´s population. The statistics are reported for the entire territory of North Rhine-Westphalia (=NRW), for NRW´s counties and their urban districts, independent towns (county boroughs) and rural districts for a period of about 120 years. The present study (ZA8683) deals with the religious affiliation of North Rhine-Westphalia´s population. Caused by the extensive changes of territories during the investigated period of 120 years the annotations are particularly important. Remarks of changing borders are of considerable extent and therefore are available via the downloadable PDF-Document, offered in the online-database histat (https://histat.gesis.org/histat/). The data are offered in the online-database histat under the topic ‚Population‘ (Bevölkerung). The data are subcategorized by the following counties with their urban districts, independent towns, and rural districts: 01. Regierungsbezirk (= government district) Aachen 02. Regierungsbezirk (= government district) Arnsberg 03. Regierungsbezirk (= government district) Duesseldorf 04. Regierungsbezirk (= government district) Cologne 05. Regierungsbezirk (= government district) Minden and Detmold respectively 06. Regierungsbezirk (= government district) Muenster 07. Entire territory or North Rhine-Westphalia in general To the following issues data are available for each governmental district and its subdivision: - Fläche des jeweiligen Kreises (territory of the respective county, district, or town) - Einwohner insgesamt (population of the respective county, district, or town) - Angehörige der evangelischen Kirche, absolut und als Anteil der Einwohner insgesamt (Members of the Protestant Church, absolutely and as a proportion of the total population) - Angehörige der katholischen Kirche, absolut und als Anteil der Einwohner insgesamt (Members of the Catholic Church, absolutely and as a proportion of the total population) - Angehörige der jüdischen Religionsgemeinschaft, absolut und als Anteil der Einwohner insgesamt (Members of the Jewish religious community, absolutely and as a proportion of the total population) - Angehörige der übrigen Religionsgemeinschaften, absolut und als Anteil der Einwohner insgesamt (Members of the other, remaining religious community, absolutely and as a proportion of the total population) These data have been collected at the following dates of censuses: - 1.12.1871 (at the territorial boundaries of 1873/78) - 1.12.1890 (at the territorial boundaries of 1890) - 1.12.1990 (at the territorial boundaries of 1910/12) - 16.6.1933 (at the territorial boundaries of 1.1.1934) - 13.9.1950 (at the territorial boundaries of 1950) - 27.5.1970 (at the territorial boundaries of 1970)