Throughout the 19th century, the share of military personnel employed by the United States government was below 0.2 percent of the total population in most years. There were noticeable spikes in enlistments and conscriptions during the American Civil War (1861-65), the First World War (1917-18*), and Second World War (1941-45*), as well as smaller increases during the Mexican-American War (1946-48) and the Spanish-American War (1898), but figures were generally much lower than the post-WWII era.

Following the Second World War, the United States abandoned many of its isolationist positions as it sought to become the world's leading superpower. This involved stationing millions of troops in overseas bases during the Cold War, in strategically important locations such as West Germany, Japan, and Taiwan. Additionally, involvement in conflicts such as the Korean War (1950-1953) and Vietnam War (1964-1973*) kept military employment high, usually between 1-2 percent until the 1970s. Figures remained just below the one percent mark until the 1990s, when the end of the Cold War and the growing influence of technology in conventional warfare saw a decrease in demand for many traditional combat roles. Despite U.S. involvement in a number of overseas conflicts in the 21st century, military personnel represented less than 0.5 percent of the total population in most years between 2000 and 2016.

The graph illustrates the number of personnel in each branch of the U.S. Military for the year 2025. The x-axis lists the military branches: Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Space Force, and Coast Guard. The y-axis represents the number of personnel, ranging from 41,477 to 449,265. Among the branches, the Army has the highest number of personnel with 449,265, followed by the Navy with 333,794 and the Air Force with 317,675. The Marine Corps and Coast Guard have 168,628 and 41,477 personnel, respectively. The data is displayed in a bar graph format, effectively highlighting the distribution of military personnel across the different branches.

Military expenditure (% of GDP) in United States was reported at 3.3618 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Military expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

This comprehensive report chronicles the history of women in the military and as Veterans, profiles the characteristics of women Veterans in 2009, illustrates how women Veterans in 2009 utilized some of the major benefits and services offered by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and discusses the future of women Veterans in relation to VA. The goal of this report is to gain an understanding of who our women Veterans are, how their military service affects their post-military lives, and how they can be better served based on these insights.

Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force) in United States was reported at 0.83764 % in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Armed forces personnel - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Real Gross Domestic Product: Military in the United States (USGOVFEDMILRGSP) from 1997 to 2024 about military, GSP, federal, government, real, industry, GDP, and USA.

U.S. military spending/defense budget for 2022 was 876.94 billion US dollars, a 8.77% increase from 2021.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>U.S. military spending/defense budget for 2021 was <strong>806.23 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>3.58% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>U.S. military spending/defense budget for 2020 was <strong>778.40 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>6% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
<li>U.S. military spending/defense budget for 2019 was <strong>734.34 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>7.6% increase</strong> from 2018.</li>
</ul>Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country).

Graph and download economic data for Quantity Indexes for Real GDP: Government: Federal Military for United States Metropolitan Portion (QGMPGOVFEDMILUSMP) from 2001 to 2016 about metropolitan portion, military, quantity index, federal, government, real, industry, GDP, and USA.

This data collection constitutes a portion of the historical data collected by the project "Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death." With the goal of constructing datasets suitable for longitudinal analyses of factors affecting the aging process, the project is collecting military, medical, and socioeconomical data on a sample of white males mustered into the Union Army during the Civil War. The project seeks to examine the influence of environmental and host factors prior to recruitment on the health performance and survival of recruits during military service, to identify and show relationships between socioeconomic and biomedical conditions (including nutritional status) of veterans at early ages and mortality rates from diseases at middle and late ages, and to study the effects of health and pensions on labor force participation rates of veterans at ages 65 and over. This installment of the collection, Version C-3, supersedes all previous collections (Versions C-1 and C-2), and contains data from the censuses of 1850, 1860, 1900, and 1910 on veterans who were originally mustered into the Union Army in Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia. This version of the collection also contains observations from Wisconsin, Indiana, California, and New Mexico. Census Data, Part 1, includes place of residence, relationship to head of household, date and place of birth, number of children, education, disability status, employment status, number of years in the United States, literacy, marital status, occupation, parents' birthplace, and property/home ownership. The variables in Part 2, Linkage Data, indicate which document sources were located for each recruit.

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Military Communication Market Size 2025-2029

The military communication market size is forecast to increase by USD 12.37 billion at a CAGR of 5.9% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for advanced military communication systems to bolster defense communication security. This trend is driven by the heightened need for secure and efficient communication networks to support military operations and ensure national security. Another key driver is the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in military communication systems. These technologies enable real-time data processing, improved situational awareness, and enhanced decision-making capabilities. However, the market also faces challenges, particularly in the complex upgrades of radar subsystems.
Additionally, ensuring interoperability between new and legacy systems can be a significant challenge. Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities must stay abreast of the latest communication technologies and invest in research and development to address the complexities of radar subsystem upgrades. Navigating these challenges requires a strategic approach, with a focus on innovation, collaboration, and adaptability. Radar systems are essential for military surveillance and defense, and their upgrades require substantial resources and expertise. Military communication systems continue to evolve, with cloud-based solutions and software-defined radios gaining traction.

What will be the Size of the Military Communication Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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Real-time data exchange enables decision-makers to respond swiftly to enemy threats, enhancing situational awareness and target identification. Robust communication systems, including high-frequency radio systems and 5G networks, ensure flexibility and agility for troops in the field. Quantum cryptography and advanced encryption techniques secure data exchange, while cost-effectiveness and scalability are key considerations for defense budgets. Satellite communication plays a crucial role in extending communication reach, and intelligence sharing is facilitated through secure channels.

Military communication systems must adapt to the latest technologies, such as quantum cryptography and 5G networks, to maintain a competitive edge. Decision-makers rely on data centralization and advanced networking protocols to ensure efficient information flow and effective response to emerging threats. Emerging technologies, such as 5G networks, software-defined radios, encryption techniques, and quantum cryptography, enhance security and bandwidth capacity.

How is this Military Communication Industry segmented?

The military communication industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Component

  Hardware
  Software


End-user

  Army
  Air Force
  Navy


Type

  Ground-based communication
  Air-ground communication
  Shipborne communication
  Underwater communication
  Space-based communication


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Component Insights

The Hardware segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market encompasses various entities that play a pivotal role in shaping its dynamics. Synergy and redundancy are crucial aspects of robust communication systems that military forces rely on for effective coordination. The Telecommunication industry's advancements, including satellite communication and 5G networks, provide military expenditure with cost-effective, scalable, and secure data transmission solutions. Military communication systems face cyber threats, necessitating encryption and advanced networking protocols. Real-time data exchange, intelligence feeds, and sensor data integration are essential for situational awareness and decision-making. Cloud-based solutions offer flexibility and agility for armed forces, enabling real-time updates and disaster recovery. The segment's growth is driven by the increasing demand for advanced communication systems that offer features like Global Positioning System (GPS), encryption, digital voice, and trunking.

Emerging technologies, such as quantum cryptography and IoT-based communication, enhance security and data management. The complexity of the operational environment necessitates advanced communication systems, including software-defin

Military expenditure (% of general government expenditure) in United States was reported at 9.0553 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Military expenditure (% of central government expenditure) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Military Cloud-Based HR Platform Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Military Cloud-Based HR Platform market size reached USD 1.42 billion in 2024, driven by a robust adoption of digital transformation initiatives in defense sectors worldwide. The market is poised to grow at a CAGR of 9.7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a projected value of USD 3.29 billion by 2033. The primary growth factor for this market is the increasing need for secure, scalable, and efficient human resource management solutions that can handle complex military personnel requirements across multiple geographic locations. As per our comprehensive analysis, the integration of cloud technologies into military HR processes is fundamentally reshaping workforce management and operational readiness for defense organizations globally.

The growth of the Military Cloud-Based HR Platform market is significantly propelled by the rising demand for centralized and real-time personnel data management in the defense sector. Traditional HR systems often struggle to accommodate the dynamic and mobile nature of military workforces, which are frequently deployed across various bases and countries. Cloud-based HR platforms provide a unified solution, enabling military organizations to streamline recruitment, onboarding, payroll, and performance management processes. The ability to access critical HR data securely from anywhere ensures operational continuity even during field operations or emergencies. Furthermore, these platforms facilitate compliance with evolving regulatory requirements and enhance decision-making through advanced analytics, which is increasingly vital for modern defense operations.

Another key driver fueling market expansion is the growing emphasis on cybersecurity and data privacy within military HR functions. Defense organizations handle highly sensitive personnel information, making data breaches a significant concern. Cloud-based HR platforms designed for military use incorporate advanced encryption, multi-factor authentication, and compliance with stringent defense-grade security standards. This reassures military stakeholders that their data integrity, confidentiality, and availability are maintained at the highest level. Additionally, the shift towards hybrid and private cloud deployments allows military agencies to retain greater control over their data while benefiting from the scalability and flexibility of cloud environments, further accelerating adoption rates.

The increasing focus on workforce optimization and talent management in defense sectors is also contributing to the robust growth of the Military Cloud-Based HR Platform market. As military operations become more technologically advanced, the need to attract, retain, and upskill personnel is paramount. Cloud-based HR platforms support comprehensive learning and development programs, performance tracking, and succession planning. These capabilities enable defense organizations to build agile, high-performing teams capable of meeting evolving mission requirements. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into cloud HR platforms is enhancing predictive analytics, enabling military HR departments to proactively address workforce challenges and improve overall mission readiness.

Regionally, North America continues to dominate the Military Cloud-Based HR Platform market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024. This leadership is attributed to substantial investments in defense IT modernization by the United States and Canada, as well as the presence of leading technology vendors specializing in secure cloud solutions. Europe follows closely, driven by collaborative defense initiatives and digital transformation agendas among NATO allies. The Asia Pacific region is witnessing the fastest growth, fueled by rising defense budgets and modernization programs in countries such as China, India, and Japan. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually increasing their adoption of cloud-based HR platforms, supported by regional security reforms and international defense collaborations.

The Tactical Data Link (TDL) market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a value of $6,041.9 million in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.6% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Increased defense spending globally, particularly in regions experiencing geopolitical instability, fuels demand for advanced communication systems crucial for coordinated military operations. Furthermore, the rising adoption of networked warfare strategies necessitates seamless data sharing across various platforms, significantly boosting the market for TDL solutions. Technological advancements, including the integration of higher bandwidth capabilities and improved network security protocols, are also contributing to market growth. The market is segmented by type (hardware and software) and deployment (air, sea, and land-based), each exhibiting unique growth trajectories influenced by specific technological advancements and operational requirements. The integration of TDL with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning is expected to further enhance its capabilities and drive market expansion in the coming years. Competition is intense, with major players such as Raytheon Technologies, Northrop Grumman, and BAE Systems vying for market share through continuous innovation and strategic partnerships. The regional distribution of the TDL market reflects the global concentration of defense expenditure. North America currently holds a significant share, driven by substantial investments from the United States and Canada. However, the Asia-Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth over the forecast period, fueled by increasing defense modernization initiatives in countries like China and India. Europe also presents a substantial market, with ongoing investments in modernizing their armed forces. The Middle East and Africa regions are showing steady growth, driven by ongoing conflicts and the need for enhanced situational awareness. The diverse range of platforms (airborne, maritime, and ground-based) necessitates specialized TDL solutions, contributing to the segmentation and differentiation within the market. Future growth will likely hinge on the ongoing development of more resilient, secure, and high-bandwidth systems capable of handling the increasing volume of data generated in modern warfare scenarios.

Graph and download economic data for Contributions to percent change in real exports of services: Transfers under U.S. military agency sales contracts (DISCONTINUED) (B267RZ2Q224SBEA) from Q2 1967 to Q1 2014 about contracts, military, transfers, agency, contributions, exports, percent, sales, services, real, GDP, and USA.

Military expenditure as a share of central government expenditure of United States of America fell by 2.87% from 9.3 % in 2022 to 9.1 % in 2023. Since the 2.14% upward trend in 2019, military expenditure as a share of central government expenditure slumped by 5.18% in 2023. Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)

Graph and download economic data for Contributions to Percent Change in National Defense Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment: Consumption expenditures: Gross output of general government: Value added: Compensation of general government employees: Military (B408RN2Q224SBEA) from Q2 1972 to Q1 2025 about military, defense, value added, contributions, output, compensation, investment, gross, consumption expenditures, consumption, percent, government, employment, GDP, and USA.

This study contains an assortment of data files relating to the electoral and demographic history of New York State. Part 1, Mortality Statistics of the Seventh Census, 1850: Place of Birth for United States Cities, contains counts of persons by place of birth for United States cities as reported in the 1850 United States Census. Place of birth is coded for states and for selected foreign countries, and percentages are also included. Part 2, Selected Tables of New York State and United States Censuses of 1835-1875: New York State Counties, contains data from the New York State Censuses of 1835, 1845, 1855, 1865, and 1875, and includes data from the United States Censuses of 1840 and 1850. The bulk of the tables concern church and synagogue membership. The tables for 1835 and 1845 include counts of persons by sex, legal male voters, alien males, not taxed Colored, taxed Colored, and taxed Colored can vote. The 1840 tables include total population, employment by industry, and military pensioners. The 1855 tables provide counts of persons by place of birth. Part 3, New York State Negro Suffrage Referenda Returns, 1846, 1860, and 1869, by Election District, contains returns for 28 election districts on the issue of Negro suffrage, with information on number of votes for, against, and total votes. Also provided are percentages of votes for and against Negro suffrage. Part 4, New York State Liquor License Referendum Returns, 1846, Town Level, contains returns from the Liquor License Referendum held in May 1846. For each town the file provides total number of votes cast, votes for, votes against, and percentage of votes for and against. The source of the data are New York State Assembly Documents, 70 Session, 1847, Document 40. Part 5, New York State Censuses of 1845, 1855, 1865, and 1875: Counts of Churches and Church Membership by Denomination, contains counts of churches, total value of church property, church seating capacity, usual number of persons attending church, and number of church members from the New York State Censuses of 1845, 1855, 1865, and 1875. Counts are by denomination at the state summary level. Part 6, New York State Election Returns, Censuses, and Religious Censuses: Merged Tables, 1830-1875, Town Level, presents town-level data for the elections of 1830, 1834, 1838, 1840, and 1842. The file also includes various summary statistics from the New York State Censuses of 1835, 1845, 1855, and 1865 with limited data from the 1840 United States Census. The data for 1835 and 1845 include male eligible voters, aliens not naturalized, non-white persons not taxed, and non-white persons taxed. The data for 1840 include population, employment by industry, and military service pensioners. The data for 1845 cover total population and number of males, place of birth, and churches. The data for 1855 and 1865 provide counts of persons by place of birth, number of dwellings, total value of dwellings, counts of persons by race and sex, number of voters by native and foreign born, and number of families. The data for 1865 also include counts of Colored not taxed and data for churches and synagogues such as number, value, seating capacity, and attendance. The data for 1875 include population, native and foreign born, counts of persons by race, by place of birth, by native, by naturalized citizens, and by alien males aged 21 and over. Part 7, New York State Election Returns, Censuses, and Religious Censuses: Merged Tables, 1844-1865, Town Level, contains town-level data for the state of New York for the elections of 1844 and 1860. It also contains data for 1850 such as counts of persons by sex and race. Data for 1855 includes counts of churches, value of churches and real estate, seating capacity, and church membership. Data for 1860 include date church was founded and source of that information. Also provided are total population counts for the years 1790, 1800, 1814, 1820, 1825, 1830, 1835, 1845, 1856, 1850, 1855, 1860, and 1865. (ICPSR 3/16/2015)

This dataset contains the number of military casualties suffered; percentage of seats political parties hold, and indicates the percentage of positive or negative references in election manifestos to the military (based on Manifesto Project Data) for 11 OECD countries (Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States) from 1990-2014.

The EU’s Global Engagement database was developed by a research team composed of Ulrich Krotz, Katerina Wright and Danilo Di Mauro within the Europe in the World programme of the Global Governance Programme. It provides a comprehensive overview of EU military operations and civilian missions under the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The primary purpose of the database is to fill the gap in existing empirical knowledge by providing the first centralized, comprehensive, and accurate database on the EU’s military operations and civilian missions worldwide. The database also provides some indicators of the level of the EU’s engagement globally. The version 2.0 of the database contains detailed information on all of the 35 military operations and civilian missions initiated from the first CSDP operation in January 2003 to December 2017. All of the 73 variables recorded for each of the 35 (completed or ongoing) operations have been updated through the end of December 2017. Select variables include: the number and percentage of EU member states involved, the duration of deployment, the number of troops or personnel deployed by each EU member state, the goals of each operation and mission, the geographic area of deployment, the type and intensity of the conflict in the area of intervention, the costs, and a combined index of EU engagement. Within the Codebook, in addition to variable descriptions and statistics, we also include fact-sheets for every mission and operation, along with 92 figures describing the findings.

Military Express Digitizer Market Outlook

The global Military Express Digitizer market size was valued at USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 3.2 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% from 2024 to 2032. This market is experiencing robust growth driven by the increasing demand for sophisticated digitization solutions in military operations, advancements in sensor and data processing technologies, and the necessity for real-time data analytics in defense strategies.

One of the significant growth factors propelling the Military Express Digitizer market is the rising need for accurate and real-time data in defense operations. Modern warfare increasingly relies on advanced computational tools to provide strategic advantages. The demand for digitizers that can handle high-speed data, process it efficiently, and deliver actionable insights is thus on the rise. Furthermore, the integration of AI and machine learning into these digitization tools is enhancing their capabilities, making them indispensable in military applications.

Technological advancements in sensor technology and data processing units are also playing a crucial role in the market's growth. Enhanced sensors provide high-resolution data, and improved processing units can handle large datasets more efficiently. This synergy between sensor data and processing capabilities is critical for applications such as intelligence gathering, surveillance, and reconnaissance, which are pivotal in modern defense strategies. Additionally, the development of compact and rugged digitizers suitable for deployment in varied and harsh environments is encouraging their adoption.

Another key growth factor is the increasing defense budgets across various nations, particularly in emerging economies. Governments worldwide are investing heavily in modernizing their defense infrastructure, which includes upgrading their data collection and analysis tools. The adoption of express digitizers is seen as a crucial step towards achieving a more digitized and efficient military force. Moreover, collaborations between defense contractors and technology companies are fostering innovations that further drive market expansion.

From a regional perspective, North America holds a significant share of the global Military Express Digitizer market, driven by the substantial defense expenditure and technological advancements in the United States. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR during the forecast period, fueled by increasing military modernization programs and geopolitical tensions in countries like China and India. Europe also presents considerable growth opportunities due to the ongoing upgrades in defense systems across various countries, aiming to enhance their strategic and operational capabilities.

Component Analysis

The Military Express Digitizer market can be segmented by component into hardware, software, and services. The hardware segment covers the physical components required for digitization, such as data acquisition boards, signal converters, and processing units. This segment is expected to maintain a significant market share due to the continuous innovations in hardware that facilitate higher data accuracy and processing speeds. The demand for rugged and compact hardware suitable for deployment in various environmental conditions is also driving this segment's growth.

Software components in the Military Express Digitizer market include the operating systems, data analysis tools, and application-specific programs that process and interpret the data collected by hardware components. The software segment is witnessing substantial growth due to the integration of advanced algorithms, AI, and machine learning, which enhance the analytical capabilities of digitizers. These advancements enable more accurate and timely decision-making, which is crucial in military operations. The increasing need for customizable software solutions tailored to specific defense applications further propels this segment.

Services encompass a wide range of offerings, including maintenance, updates, training, and support. As the complexity and sophistication of digitizers increase, the demand for associated services also grows. Service providers play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal performance of digitizers and in training military personnel to effectively use these advanced tools. The services segment is expected to experience steady growth, driven by the continuous need for technical support and the regular upgrades