Foreign Exchange Reserves in the United States decreased to 38470 USD Million in May from 38565 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in China increased to 3317000 USD Million in June from 3285000 USD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides - China Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about United States Foreign Exchange Reserves

• United States Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 35.2 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 34.9 USD bn in the previous month
• US Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Mar 1961 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 54.9 USD bn in Aug 2011 and a record low of 2.0 USD mn in Jul 1975

The Bureau of the Fiscal Service provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD.


Further information about United States Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, US Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 0.1 Months of Import in Jan 2025.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 21,561.4 USD bn YoY in Jan 2025.
• US Domestic Credit reached 30,648.3 USD bn in Mar 2024, representing an drop of 0.3 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.7 % in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.5 % in the previous quarter.
• Household Debt of US reached 61.7 % in Dec 2024, accounting for 61.7 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Key information about China Foreign Exchange Reserves

• China Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 3,227.2 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with 3,209.0 USD bn in the previous month
• China Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1989 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 3,993.2 USD bn in Jun 2014 and a record low of 3.7 USD bn in Jan 1989

The People's Bank of China provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD.


Further information about China Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, China Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 13.9 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 44,045.8 USD bn YoY in Sep 2024.
• China Domestic Credit reached 49,338.1 USD bn in Jan 2025, representing an increased of 7.9 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.5 % in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.6 % in the previous quarter.
• Household Debt of China reached 63.3 % in Mar 2023, accounting for 63.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Russia increased to 680379 USD Million in May from 680271 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Russia Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Macau Foreign Exchange Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data was reported at 1,008.000 % in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 973.200 % for Sep 2018. Macau Foreign Exchange Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data is updated monthly, averaging 1,312.569 % from Jun 1984 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 413 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,480.600 % in Nov 2011 and a record low of 126.200 % in Jan 1986. Macau Foreign Exchange Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Monetary Authority of Macao. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Macau SAR – Table MO.KA003: Foreign Exchange Reserves.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Turkey increased to 79790 USD Million in July 4 from 71090 USD Million in the previous week. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Egypt increased to 48700 USD Million in June from 48530 USD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Egypt Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Macau Foreign Exchange Reserves: Pataca M2 Coverage Ratio data was reported at 79.800 % in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 82.000 % for Aug 2018. Macau Foreign Exchange Reserves: Pataca M2 Coverage Ratio data is updated monthly, averaging 94.630 % from Jun 1984 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 412 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 352.400 % in Dec 2011 and a record low of 18.725 % in Jan 1986. Macau Foreign Exchange Reserves: Pataca M2 Coverage Ratio data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Monetary Authority of Macao. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Macau SAR – Table MO.KA003: Foreign Exchange Reserves.

Key information about India Foreign Exchange Reserves

• India Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 537.7 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 547.5 USD bn in the previous month
• India Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Apr 1989 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 617.1 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 1.1 USD bn in Jun 1991

The Reserve Bank of India provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD.


Further information about India Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, India Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 9.2 Months of Import in May 2023.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 765.5 USD bn YoY in Nov 2024.
• India Domestic Credit reached 3,168.1 USD bn in Dec 2024, representing an increased of 11.1 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 2.8 % in Mar 2024, compared with the ratio of 3.9 % in the previous year.
• Household Debt of India reached 17.1 % in Mar 2024, accounting for 17.1 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Key information about China Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP

• China Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP was reported at 6.600 % in Feb 2025
• This stayed constant from the previous number of 6.600 % for Jan 2025
• China Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP data is updated monthly, averaging 13.000 % from Jan 1985 to Feb 2025, with 482 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 21.000 % in Nov 2011 and a record low of 6.000 % in Aug 2003
• China Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The People's Bank of China
• The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.MA: Required Reserve Ratio

In view of the fact that the cut of the RRR effective from 15 Oct 2018 was not for all depository institutions, it could not be updated accordingly. Afterwards, if the official has disclosed the exact data of the ratio, it will be updated accordingly. Release date: 07 Oct 2018 In view of the fact that the cut of the RRR effective from 5 July 2018 was not for all depository institutions, it could not be updated accordingly. Afterwards, if the official has disclosed the exact data of the ratio, it will be updated accordingly. Release date: 24 June 2018 In view of the fact that the cut of the RRR effective from 25 April 2018 was not for all depository institutions, it could not be updated accordingly. Afterwards, if the official has disclosed the exact data of the ratio, it will be updated accordingly. Release date: 17 April 2018

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Poland increased to 247600 USD Million in June from 243551.70 USD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Poland Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to, their full nominal value. Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed as a ratio (a÷b).

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Pakistan increased to 16597.70 USD Million in May from 14759.40 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Pakistan Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This dataset contains key ratios that are used to assess the vulnerability of external debt. These include External debt to GDP ratio, foreign currency reserves to external debt ratio, ratio of short term debt to total external debt, and debt service ratio.

This dataset contains all the information utilized in the paper 'foreign exchange swaps: a substitute for the use of international reserves?'.

In the B3 related data, the main contribution is the information gathered by data-scraping the daily information available at the B3 exchange to build a time series of the institutional investor's net open positions in this exchange. Furthermore, the time series of the future BRL/USD obtained at the B3 exchange website is made available.

In the swaps related data, there are different sets of data. The swaps raw dataset was collected by gathering information made available by the Brazilian Central Bank through its monthly open market notes. Furthermore, data scraped from the Braziian Central Bank norms' search engine provide the information on the type of the swaps contracts.

With the datasets, it is possible to reproduce: 1. The descriptive statistics presented on the paper and to reproduce; 2. The logistic model that calculate the log-odds ratio of the spread between the coupon and the libor being larger than the EMBI+ risk-oremium measure be associated with expected or unexpected swaps. 3. The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models presented by the end of the paper. The null hypothesis in these model is that the inclusion of the external regressors has no statistical relationship with the conditional mean of the returns of the BRL/USD future' exchange rate in its first maturity and the alternative hypothesis is that the statistical relationship between the set of external regresors and the dependent variable is different from zero.

All of the control variables are publicly available and were obtained at the FRED (St. Louis Federal Reserve database), at the Brazilian Central Bank database and at the IPEADATA database. They are reproduced here to facilitate the reproduction of the paper.

Hong Kong Foreign Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data was reported at 6.827 Unit in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.935 Unit for Aug 2018. Hong Kong Foreign Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data is updated monthly, averaging 7.209 Unit from Jun 1993 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 275 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.772 Unit in Nov 2009 and a record low of 4.571 Unit in Jun 1993. Hong Kong Foreign Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hong Kong Monetary Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.KA004: Exchange Fund Foreign Reserve and Money Market Operation.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Saudi Arabia increased to 1721072 SAR Million in May from 1647513 SAR Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Reserve Money = Currency in Circulation + Required Reserves + Excess Reserves Currency in Circulation refers to notes and coins issued by BNM less the amount held by banking institutions. Required Reserves refer to the sum placed by banking institutions (except Discount Houses) with BNM in compliance with the Statutory Reserve Requirement (SRR). Banking institutions must place an amount that is equivalent to the SRR ratio times the eligible liabilities. Excess Reserves refer to cash in vaults of the banking institutions and their current accounts (include Islamic Banking Scheme or SPI current accounts) with BNM. No. of Views : 60

China Required Reserve Ratio: Foreign Currency data was reported at 4.000 % in 13 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 4.000 % for 12 May 2025. China Required Reserve Ratio: Foreign Currency data is updated daily, averaging 5.000 % from Jan 2005 (Median) to 13 May 2025, with 7424 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.000 % in 14 May 2022 and a record low of 4.000 % in 13 May 2025. China Required Reserve Ratio: Foreign Currency data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The People's Bank of China. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money Market, Interest Rate, Yield and Exchange Rate – Table CN.MA: Required Reserve Ratio .