The 1997 the Kyrgyz Republic Demographic and Health Survey (KRDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 3,848 women age 15-49. Fieldwork was conducted from August to November 1997. The KRDHS was sponsored by the Ministry of Health (MOH), and was funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics implemented the survey with technical assistance from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program. The purpose of the KRDHS was to provide data to the MOH on factors which determine the health status of women and children such as fertility, contraception, induced abortion, maternal care, infant mortality, nutritional status, and anemia. Some statistics presented in this report are currently available to the MOH from other sources. For example, the MOH collects and regularly publishes information on fertility, contraception, induced abortion and infant mortality. However, the survey presents information on these indices in a manner which is not currently available, i.e., by population subgroups such as those defined by age, marital duration, education, and ethnicity. Additionally, the survey provides statistics on some issues not previously available in the Kyrgyz Republic: for example, breastfeeding practices and anemia status of women and children. When considered together, existing MOH data and the KRDHS data provide a more complete picture of the health conditions in the Kyrgyz Republic than was previously available. A secondary objective of the survey was to enhance the capabilities of institutions in the Kyrgyz Republic to collect, process, and analyze population and health data. MAIN FINDINGS FERTILITY Fertility Rates. Survey results indicate a total fertility rate (TFR) for all of the Kyrgyz Republic of 3.4 children per woman. Fertility levels differ for different population groups. The TFR for women living in urban areas (2.3 children per woman) is substantially lower than for women living in rural areas (3.9). The TFR for Kyrgyz women (3.6 children per woman) is higher than for women of Russian ethnicity (1.5) but lower than Uzbek women (4.2). Among the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic, the TFR is lowest in Bishkek City (1.7 children per woman), and the highest in the East Region (4.3), and intermediate in the North and South Regions (3.1 and3.9, respectively). Time Trends. The KRDHS data show that fertility has declined in the Kyrgyz Republic in recent years. The decline in fertility from 5-9 to 0-4 years prior to the survey increases with age, from an 8 percent decline among 20-24 year olds to a 38 percent decline among 35-39 year olds. The declining trend in fertility can be seen by comparing the completed family size of women near the end of their childbearing years with the current TFR. Completed family size among women 40-49 is 4.6 children which is more than one child greater than the current TFR (3.4). Birth Intervals. Overall, 30 percent of births in the Kyrgyz Republic take place within 24 months of the previous birth. The median birth interval is 31.9 months. Age at Onset of Childbearing. The median age at which women in the Kyrgyz Republic begin childbearing has been holding steady over the past two decades at approximately 21.6 years. Most women have their first birth while in their early twenties, although about 20 percent of women give birth before age 20. Nearly half of married women in the Kyrgyz Republic (45 percent) do not want to have more children. Additional one-quarter of women (26 percent) want to delay their next birth by at least two years. These are the women who are potentially in need of some method of family planning. FAMILY PLANNING Ever Use. Among currently married women, 83 percent report having used a method of contraception at some time. The women most likely to have ever used a method of contraception are those age 30-44 (among both currently married and all women). Current Use. Overall, among currently married women, 60 percent report that they are currently using a contraceptive method. About half (49 percent) are using a modern method of contraception and another 11 percent are using a traditional method. The IUD is by far the most commonly used method; 38 percent of currently married women are using the IUD. Other modern methods of contraception account for only a small amount of use among currently married women: pills (2 percent), condoms (6 percent), and injectables and female sterilization (1 and 2 percent, respectively). Thus, the practice of family planning in the Kyrgyz Republic places high reliance on a single method, the IUD. Source of Methods. The vast majority of women obtain their contraceptives through the public sector (97 percent): 35 percent from a government hospital, and 36 percent from a women counseling center. The source of supply of the method depends on the method being used. For example, most women using IUDs obtain them at women counseling centers (42 percent) or hospitals (39 percent). Government pharmacies supply 46 percent of pill users and 75 percent of condom users. Pill users also obtain supplies from women counseling centers or (33 percent). Fertility Preferences. A majority of women in the Kyrgyz Republic (45 percent) indicated that they desire no more children. By age 25-29, 20 percent want no more children, and by age 30-34, nearly half (46 percent) want no more children. Thus, many women come to the preference to stop childbearing at relatively young ages-when they have 20 or more potential years of childbearing ahead of them. For some of these women, the most appropriate method of contraception may be a long-acting method such as female sterilization. However, there is a deficiency of use of this method in the Kyrgyz Republic. In the interests of providing a broad range of safe and effective methods, information about and access to sterilization should be increased so that individual women can make informed decisions about using this method. INDUCED ABORTION Abortion Rates. From the KRDHS data, the total abortion rate (TAR)-the number of abortions a woman will have in her lifetime based on the currently prevailing abortion rates-was calculated. For the Kyrgyz Republic, the TAR for the period from mid-1994 to mid-1997 is 1.6 abortions per woman. The TAR for the Kyrgyz Republic is lower than recent estimates of the TAR for other areas of the former Soviet Union such as Kazakhstan (1.8), and Yekaterinburg and Perm in Russia (2.3 and 2.8, respectively), but higher than for Uzbekistan (0.7). The TAR is higher in urban areas (2.1 abortions per woman) than in rural areas (1.3). The TAR in Bishkek City is 2.0 which is two times higher than in other regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. Additionally the TAR is substantially lower among ethnic Kyrgyz women (1.3) than among women of Uzbek and Russian ethnicities (1.9 and 2.2 percent, respectively). INFANT MORTALITY In the KRDHS, infant mortality data were collected based on the international definition of a live birth which, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, is a birth that breathes or shows any sign of life (United Nations, 1992). Mortality Rates. For the five-year period before the survey (i.e., approximately mid-1992 to mid1997), infant mortality in the Kyrgyz Republic is estimated at 61 infant deaths per 1,000 births. The estimates of neonatal and postneonatal mortality are 32 and 30 per 1,000. The MOH publishes infant mortality rates annually but the definition of a live birth used by the MOH differs from that used in the survey. As is the case in most of the republics of the former Soviet Union, a pregnancy that terminates at less than 28 weeks of gestation is considered premature and is classified as a late miscarriage even if signs of life are present at the time of delivery. Thus, some events classified as late miscarriages in the MOH system would be classified as live births and infant deaths according to the definitions used in the KRDHS. Infant mortality rates based on the MOH data for the years 1983 through 1996 show a persistent declining trend throughout the period, starting at about 40 per 1,000 in the early 1980s and declining to 26 per 1,000 in 1996. This time trend is similar to that displayed by the rates estimated from the KRDHS. Thus, the estimates from both the KRDHS and the Ministry document a substantial decline in infant mortality; 25 percent over the period from 1982-87 to 1992-97 according to the KRDHS and 28 percent over the period from 1983-87 to 1993-96 according to the MOH estimates. This is strong evidence of improvements in infant survivorship in recent years in the Kyrgyz Republic. It should be noted that the rates from the survey are much higher than the MOH rates. For example, the KRDHS estimate of 61 per 1,000 for the period 1992-97 is twice the MOH estimate of 29 per 1,000 for 1993-96. Certainly, one factor leading to this difference are the differences in the definitions of a live birth and infant death in the KRDHS survey and in the MOH protocols. A thorough assessment of the difference between the two estimates would need to take into consideration the sampling variability of the survey's estimate. However, given the magnitude of the difference, it is likely that it arises from a combination of definitional and methodological differences between the survey and MOH registration system. MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH The Kyrgyz Republic has a well-developed health system with an extensive infrastructure of facilities that provide maternal care services. This system includes special delivery hospitals, the obstetrics and gynecology departments of general hospitals, women counseling centers, and doctor's assistant/midwife posts (FAPs). There is an extensive network of FAPs throughout the rural areas. Delivery. Virtually all births in the Kyrgyz Republic (96 percent) are delivered at health facilities: 95 percent in delivery hospitals and another 1 percent in either general hospitals

BackgroundZimbabwe has the highest contraceptive prevalence rate in sub-Saharan Africa, but also one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world. Little is known, however, about the incidence of abortion and post-abortion care (PAC) in Zimbabwe. Access to legal abortion is rare, and limited to circumstances of rape, incest, fetal impairment, or to save the woman’s life.ObjectivesThis paper estimates a) the national provision of PAC, b) the first-ever national incidence of induced abortion in Zimbabwe, and c) the proportion of pregnancies that are unintended.MethodsWe use the Abortion Incidence Complications Method (AICM), which indirectly estimates the incidence of induced abortion by obtaining a national estimate of PAC cases, and then estimates what proportion of all induced abortions in the country would result in women receiving PAC. Three national surveys were conducted in 2016: a census of health facilities with PAC capacity (n = 227), a prospective survey of women seeking abortion-related care in a nationally-representative sample of those facilities (n = 127 facilities), and a purposive sample of experts knowledgeable about abortion in Zimbabwe (n = 118). The estimate of induced abortion, along with census and Demographic Health Survey data was used to estimate unintended pregnancy.ResultsThere were an estimated 25,245 PAC patients treated in Zimbabwe in 2016, but there were critical gaps in their care, including stock-outs of essential PAC medicines at half of facilities. Approximately 66,847 induced abortions (uncertainty interval (UI): 54,000–86,171) occurred in Zimbabwe in 2016, which translates to a national rate of 17.8 (UI: 14.4–22.9) abortions per 1,000 women 15–49. Overall, 40% of pregnancies were unintended in 2016, and one-quarter of all unintended pregnancies ended in abortion.ConclusionZimbabwe has one of the lowest abortion rates in sub-Saharan Africa, likely due to high rates of contraceptive use. There are gaps in the health care system affecting the provision of quality PAC, potentially due to the prolonged economic crisis. These findings can inform and improve policies and programs addressing unsafe abortion and PAC in Zimbabwe.

Using data from 288 adult and yearling female elk that were captured on 22 Wyoming winter supplemental elk feedgrounds and monitored with GPS collars, we fit Step Selection Functions (SSFs) during the spring abortion season and then implemented a master equation approach to translate SSFs into predictions of daily elk distribution for 5 plausible winter weather scenarios (from a heavy snow, to an extreme winter drought year). We then predicted abortion events by combining elk distributions with empirical estimates of daily abortion rates, spatially varying elk seroprevalence, and elk population counts. Here we provide the predicted abortion events on a daily basis at a 500m resolution for the 5 different weather scenarios: 1) low snowfall year (2010), 2) average snowfall year (2012), 3) high snowfall year (2014), 4) hypothetical early snowmelt climate change scenario where spring green up started, snow melt occurred, and supplemental feeding ended 14 days earlier than in the low snow year of 2010, and 5) hypothetical winter drought climate change scenario where spring green up started, snow melt occurred, and supplemental feeding ended 28 days earlier than in the low snow year of 2010.

The 1996 Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 4,415 women age 15-49. Fieldwork was conducted from June to October 1996. The UDHS was sponsored by the Ministry of Health (MOH), and was funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology implemented the survey with technical assistance from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program. The 1996 UDHS was the first national-level population and health survey in Uzbekistan. It was implemented by the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan. The 1996 UDHS was funded by the United States Agency for International development (USAID) and technical assistance was provided by Macro International Inc. (Calverton, Maryland USA) through its contract with USAID. OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The purpose of the 1996 Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) was to provide an information base to the Ministry of Health for the planning of policies and programs regarding the health of women and their children. The UDHS collected data on women's reproductive histories, knowledge and use of contraception, breastfeeding practices, and the nutrition, vaccination coverage, and episodes of illness among children under the age of three. The survey also included, for all women of reproductive age and for children under the age of three, the measurement of the hemoglobin level in the blood to assess the prevalence of anemia and measurements of height and weight to assess nutritional status. A secondary objective of the survey was to enhance the capabilities of institutions in Uzbekistan to collect, process and analyze population and health data so as to facilitate the implementation of future surveys of this type. MAIN RESULTS Fertility Rates. Survey results indicate a total fertility rate (TFR) for all of Uzbekistan of 3.3 children per woman. Fertility levels differ for different population groups. The TFR for women living in urbml areas (2.7 children per woman) is substantially lower than for women living in rural areas (3.7). The TFR for Uzbeki women (3.5 children per woman) is higher than for women of other ethnicities (2.5). Among the regions of Uzbekistan, the TFR is lowest in Tashkent City (2.3 children per woman). Family Planning. Knowledge. Knowledge of contraceptive methods is high among women in Uzbekistan. Knowledge of at least one method is 89 percent. High levels of knowledge are the norm for women of all ages, all regions of the country, all educational levels, and all ethnicities. However, knowledge of sterilization was low; only 27 percent of women reported knowing of this method. Fertility Preferences. A majority of women in Uzbekistan (51 percent) indicated that they desire no more children. Among women age 30 and above, the proportion that want no more children increases to 75 percent. Thus, many women come to the preference to stop childbearing at relatively young ages when they have 20 or more potential years of childbearing ahead of them. For some of these women, the most appropriate method of contraception may be a long-acting method such as female sterilization, However, there is a deficiency of both knowledge and use of this method in Uzbekistan. In the interest of providing couples with a broad choice of safe and effective methods, information about this method and access to it should be made available so that informed choices about its suitability can be made by individual women and couples. Induced Aboration : Abortion Rates. From the UDHS data, the total abortion rate (TAR)the number of abortions a woman will have in her lifetime based on the currently prevailing abortion rateswas calculated. For Uzbekistan, the TAR for the period from mid-1993 to mid-1996 is 0.7 abortions per woman. As expected, the TAR for Uzbekistan is substantially lower than recent estimates of the TAR for other areas of the former Soviet Union such as Kazakstan (1.8), Romania (3.4 abortions per woman), and Yekaterinburg and Perm in Russia (2.3 and 2.8, respectively). Infant mortality : In the UDHS, infant mortality data were collected based on the international definition of a live birth which, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, is a birth that breathes or shows any sign of life (United Nations, 1992). Mortality Rates. For the five-year period before the survey (i.e., approximately mid- 1992 to mid- 1996), infant mortality in Uzbekistan is estimated at 49 infant deaths per 1,000 births. The estimates of neonatal and postneonatal mortality are 23 and 26 per 1,000. Maternal and child health : Uzbekistan has a well-developed health system with an extensive infrastructure of facilities that provide maternal care services. This system includes special delivery hospitals, the obstetrics and gynecology departments of general hospitals, women's consulting centers, and doctor's assistant/midwife posts (FAPs). There is an extensive network of FAPs throughout rural areas. Nutrition : Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is almost universal in Uzbekistan; 96 percent of children born in the three years preceding the survey are breastfed. Overall, 19 percent of children are breastfed within an hour of delivery and 40 percent within 24 hours of delivery. The median duration of breastfeeding is lengthy (17 months). However, durations of exclusive breastfeeding, as recommended by WHO, are short (0.4 months). Prevalence of anemia : Testing of women and children for anemia was one of the major efforts of the 1996 UDHS. Anemia has been considered a major public health problem in Uzbekistan for decades. Nevertheless, this was the first anemia study in Uzbekistan done on a national basis. The study involved hemoglobin (Hb) testing for anemia using the Hemocue system. Women. Sixty percent of the women in Uzbekistan suffer from some degree of anemia. The great majority of these women have either mild (45 percent) or moderate anemia (14 percent). One percent have severe anemia.

Users can access data related to international women’s health as well as data on population and families, education, work, power and decision making, violence against women, poverty, and environment. Background World’s Women Reports are prepared by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). Reports are produced in five year intervals and began in 1990. A major theme of the reports is comparing women’s situation globally to that of men in a variety of fields. Health data is available related to life expectancy, cause of death, chronic disease, HIV/AIDS, prenatal care, maternal morbidity, reproductive health, contraceptive use, induced abortion, mortality of children under 5, and immunization. User functionality Users can download full text or specific chapter versions of the reports in color and black and white. A limited number of graphs are available for download directly from the website. Topics include obesity and underweight children. Data Notes The report and data tables are available for download in PDF format. The next report is scheduled to be released in 2015. The most recent report was released in 2010.

BackgroundIn February 2011, an Ohio law took effect mandating use of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved protocol for mifepristone, which is used with misoprostol for medication abortion. Other state legislatures have passed or enacted similar laws requiring use of the FDA-approved protocol for medication abortion. The objective of this study is to examine the association of this legal change with medication abortion outcomes and utilization.Methods and FindingsWe used a retrospective cohort design, comparing outcomes of medication abortion patients in the prelaw period to those in the postlaw period. Sociodemographic and clinical chart data were abstracted from all medication abortion patients from 1 y prior to the law’s implementation (January 2010–January 2011) to 3 y post implementation (February 2011–October 2014) at four abortion-providing health care facilities in Ohio. Outcome data were analyzed for all women undergoing abortion at ≤49 d gestation during the study period. The main outcomes were as follows: need for additional intervention following medication abortion (such as aspiration, repeat misoprostol, and blood transfusion), frequency of continuing pregnancy, reports of side effects, and the proportion of abortions that were medication abortions (versus other abortion procedures). Among the 2,783 medication abortions ≤49 d gestation, 4.9% (95% CI: 3.7%–6.2%) in the prelaw and 14.3% (95% CI: 12.6%–16.0%) in the postlaw period required one or more additional interventions. Women obtaining a medication abortion in the postlaw period had three times the odds of requiring an additional intervention as women in the prelaw period (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.11, 95% CI: 2.27–4.27). In a mixed effects multivariable model that uses facility-months as the unit of analysis to account for lack of independence by site, we found that the law change was associated with a 9.4% (95% CI: 4.0%–18.4%) absolute increase in the rate of requiring an additional intervention. The most common subsequent intervention in both periods was an additional misoprostol dose and was most commonly administered to treat incomplete abortion. The percentage of women requiring two or more follow-up visits increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.0%–5.3%) in the prelaw period to 6.2% (95% CI: 5.5%–8.0%) in the postlaw period (p = 0.003). Continuing pregnancy was rare (0.3%). Overall, 12.6% of women reported at least one side effect during their medication abortion: 8.4% (95% CI: 6.8%–10.0%) in the prelaw period and 15.6% (95% CI: 13.8%–17.3%) in the postlaw period (p < 0.001). Medication abortions fell from 22% (95% CI: 20.8%–22.3%) of all abortions the year before the law went into effect (2010) to 5% (95% CI: 4.8%–5.6%) 3 y after (2014) (p < 0.001). The average patient charge increased from US$426 in 2010 to US$551 in 2014, representing a 16% increase after adjusting for inflation in medical prices. The primary limitation to the study is that it was a pre/post-observational study with no control group that was not exposed to the law.ConclusionsOhio law required use of a medication abortion protocol that is associated with a greater need for additional intervention, more visits, more side effects, and higher costs for women relative to the evidence-based protocol. There is no evidence that the change in law led to improved abortion outcomes. Indeed, our findings suggest the opposite. In March 2016, the FDA-protocol was updated, so Ohio providers may now legally provide current evidence-based protocols. However, this law is still in place and bans physicians from using mifepristone based on any new developments in clinical research as best practices continue to be updated.

Number of teen pregnancies and rates per 1,000 females, by pregnancy outcome (live births, induced abortions, or fetal loss), by age groups 15 to 17 years and 18 to 19 years, 1998 to 2000.

Large differences exist in the number of grains per spikelet across an individual wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike. The central spikelets produce the highest number of grains while apical and basal spikelets are less productive, and most basal spikelets are commonly only formed rudimentary. Basal spikelets are delayed in initiation, yet they continue to develop and produce florets. The precise timings or the cause of their abortion remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the underlying causes of basal spikelet abortion using shading applications in the field. We found that basal spikelet abortion is likely the consequence of complete floret abortion, as both occur concurrently and have the same response to shading treatments. We detected no differences in assimilate availability across the spike. Instead, we show that the reduced developmental age of basal florets pre-anthesis is strongly associated with their increased abortion. Using the developmental age pre-abortion, we were able to predict final grain set per spikelet across the spike, alongside the characteristic gradient in the number of grains from basal to central spikelets. Future efforts to improve spikelet homogeneity across the spike could thus focus on improving basal spikelet establishment and increasing floret development rates pre-abortion. Methods Supplemental Dataset S1: All raw field data collected in 2021 and 2022 for mature spikes (post-harvest). Supplemental Dataset S2: All developmental scores taken for floret development in the basal six and central two spikelets from spike collected in CF 2022. Supplemental Dataset S3: Raw normalized sugar concentration (µg/mg tissue wt) for samples collected in CF 2021 and 2022. Supplemental Dataset S4: Number of grains predicted for each spikelet using CDF, with and without optimisation.

BackgroundIn Malawi, abortion is legal only if performed to save a woman’s life; other attempts to procure an abortion are punishable by 7–14 years imprisonment. Most induced abortions in Malawi are performed under unsafe conditions, contributing to Malawi’s high maternal mortality ratio. Malawians are currently debating whether to provide additional exceptions under which an abortion may be legally obtained. An estimated 67,300 induced abortions occurred in Malawi in 2009 (equivalent to 23 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44), but changes since 2009, including dramatic increases in contraceptive prevalence, may have impacted abortion rates.MethodsWe conducted a nationally representative survey of health facilities to estimate the number of cases of post-abortion care, as well as a survey of knowledgeable informants to estimate the probability of needing and obtaining post-abortion care following induced abortion. These data were combined with national population and fertility data to determine current estimates of induced abortion and unintended pregnancy in Malawi using the Abortion Incidence Complications Methodology.ResultsWe estimate that approximately 141,044 (95% CI: 121,161–160,928) induced abortions occurred in Malawi in 2015, translating to a national rate of 38 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–49 (95% CI: 32 to 43); which varied by geographical zone (range: 28–61). We estimate that 53% of pregnancies in Malawi are unintended, and that 30% of unintended pregnancies end in abortion. Given the challenges of estimating induced abortion, and the assumptions required for calculation, results should be viewed as approximate estimates, rather than exact measures.ConclusionsThe estimated abortion rate in 2015 is higher than in 2009 (potentially due to methodological differences), but similar to recent estimates from nearby countries including Tanzania (36), Uganda (39), and regional estimates in Eastern and Southern Africa (34–35). Over half of pregnancies in Malawi are unintended. Our findings should inform ongoing efforts to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and to improve public health in Malawi.

Hungary Vital Statistics: Induced Abortions: per 100 Live Born data was reported at 24.350 NA in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.222 NA for Aug 2018. Hungary Vital Statistics: Induced Abortions: per 100 Live Born data is updated monthly, averaging 43.129 NA from Jan 2002 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 201 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67.400 NA in Feb 2002 and a record low of 24.350 NA in Sep 2018. Hungary Vital Statistics: Induced Abortions: per 100 Live Born data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.G003: Vital Statistics.

Dataset details: Armenia 1km Pregnancies_DATASET: Version 1.0 2015 estimates of numbers of pregnancies per grid square, with national totals adjusted to match national estimates on numbers of pregnancies made by the Guttmacher Institute (http://www.guttmacher.org)REGION: AsiaSPATIAL RESOLUTION: 0.00833333 decimal degrees (approx 1km at the equator)PROJECTION: Geographic, WGS84UNITS: Estimated pregnancies per grid squareMAPPING APPROACH: Integration of datasets on population distribution, age/sex structure and fertility rates, along with estimates for stillbirths, miscarriages, abortions and national estimates for live births, combined to produce high resolution maps detailing the number and distribution of pregnancies. FORMAT: Geotiff (zipped using 7-zip (open access tool): www.7-zip.org)FILENAMES: WorldPop naming convention applied; example AFG_pregs_pp_v2_2015.tif = Afghanistan (AFG, three-letter country code adhering to ISO 3166 standard) pregnancies per pixel (pregs_pp) version 2 (v2) based on data for circa 2015.

Number of induced abortions, by area of report (Canada, province or territory, and abortions reported by American states), by type of facility performing the abortion (hospital or clinic), 1970 to 2006.

Abstract

The Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) was a nationally representative sample survey designed to provide information on population and health issues in Armenia. The primary goal of the survey was to develop a single integrated set of demographic and health data, the first such data set pertaining to the population of the Republic of Armenia. In addition to integrating measures of reproductive, child, and adult health, another feature of the DHS survey is that the majority of data are presented at the marz level.

The ADHS was conducted by the National Statistical Service and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia during October through December 2000. ORC Macro provided technical support for the survey through the MEASURE DHS+ project. MEASURE DHS+ is a worldwide project, sponsored by the USAID, with a mandate to assist countries in obtaining information on key population and health indicators. USAID/Armenia provided funding for the survey. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)/Armenia provided support through the donation of equipment.

The ADHS collected national- and regional-level data on fertility and contraceptive use, maternal and child health, adult health, and AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The survey obtained detailed information on these issues from women of reproductive age and, on certain topics, from men as well. Data are presented by marz wherever sample size permits.

The ADHS results are intended to provide the information needed to evaluate existing social programs and to design new strategies for improving the health of and health services for the people of Armenia. The ADHS also contributes to the growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-54

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The sample was designed to provide estimates of most survey indicators (including fertility, abortion, and contraceptive prevalence) for Yerevan and each of the other ten administrative regions (marzes). The design also called for estimates of infant and child mortality at the national level for Yerevan and other urban areas and rural areas.

The target sample size of 6,500 completed interviews with women age 15-49 was allocated as follows: 1,500 to Yerevan and 500 to each of the ten marzes. Within each marz, the sample was allocated between urban and rural areas in proportion to the population size. This gave a target sample of approximately 2,300 completed interviews for urban areas exclusive of Yerevan and 2,700 completed interviews for the rural sector. Interviews were completed with 6,430 women. Men age 15-54 were interviewed in every third household; this yielded 1,719 completed interviews.

A two-stage sample was used. In the first stage, 260 areas or primary sampling units (PSUs) were selected with probability proportional to population size (PPS) by systematic selection from a list of areas. The list of areas was the 1996 Data Base of Addresses and Households constructed by the National Statistical Service. Because most selected areas were too large to be directly listed, a separate segmentation operation was conducted prior to household listing. Large selected areas were divided into segments of which two segments were included in the sample. A complete listing of households was then carried out in selected segments as well as selected areas that were not segmented.

The listing of households served as the sampling frame for the selection of households in the second stage of sampling. Within each area, households were selected systematically so as to yield an average of 25 completed interviews with eligible women per area. All women 15-49 who stayed in the sampled households on the night before the interview were eligible for the survey. In each segment, a subsample of one-third of all households was selected for the men's component of the survey. In these households, all men 15-54 who stayed in the household on the previous night were eligible for the survey.

Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX A of the survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires were used in the ADHS: a Household Questionnaire, a Women’s Questionnaire, and a Men’s Questionnaire. The questionnaires were based on the model survey instruments developed for the MEASURE DHS+ program. The model questionnaires were adapted for use during a series of expert meetings hosted by the Center of Perinatology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology. The questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Armenian and Russian. The questionnaires were pretested in July 2000.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all usual members of and visitors to a household and to collect information on the physical characteristics of the dwelling unit. The first part of the household questionnaire collected information on the age, sex, residence, educational attainment, and relationship to the household head of each household member or visitor. This information provided basic demographic data for Armenian households. It also was used to identify the women and men who were eligible for the individual interview (i.e., women 15-49 and men 15-54). The second part of the Household Questionnaire consisted of questions on housing characteristics (e.g., the flooring material, the source of water, and the type of toilet facilities) and on ownership of a variety of consumer goods.

The Women’s Questionnaire obtained information on the following topics: - Background characteristics - Pregnancy history - Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care - Knowledge and use of contraception - Attitudes toward contraception and abortion - Reproductive and adult health - Vaccinations, birth registration, and health of children under age five - Episodes of diarrhea and respiratory illness of children under age five - Breastfeeding and weaning practices - Height and weight of women and children under age five - Hemoglobin measurement of women and children under age five - Marriage and recent sexual activity - Fertility preferences - Knowledge of and attitude toward AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections.

The Men’s Questionnaire focused on the following topics: - Background characteristics - Health - Marriage and recent sexual activity - Attitudes toward and use of condoms - Knowledge of and attitude toward AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections.

Cleaning operations

After a team had completed interviewing in a cluster, questionnaires were returned promptly to the National Statistical Service in Yerevan for data processing. The office editing staff first checked that questionnaires for all selected households and eligible respondents had been received from the field staff. In addition, a few questions that had not been precoded (e.g., occupation) were coded at this time. Using the ISSA (Integrated System for Survey Analysis) software, a specially trained team of data processing staff entered the questionnaires and edited the resulting data set on microcomputers. The process of office editing and data processing was initiated soon after the beginning of fieldwork and was completed by the end of January 2001.

Response rate

A total of 6,524 households were selected for the sample, of which 6,150 were occupied at the time of fieldwork. The main reason for the difference is that some of the dwelling units that were occupied during the household listing operation were either vacant or the household was away for an extended period at the time of interviewing. Of the occupied households, 97 percent were successfully interviewed.

In these households, 6,685 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview (i.e., age 15-49). Interviews were completed with 96 percent of them. Of the 1,913 eligible men identified, 90 percent were successfully interviewed. The principal reason for non-response among eligible women and men was the failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to the household. The refusal rate was low.

The overall response rates, the product of the household and the individual response rates, were 94 percent for women and 87 percent for men.

Note: See summarized response rates by residence (urban/rural) in Table 1.1 of the survey report.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors, and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2000 Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the ADHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey

This dataset presents the rate of prescribing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), excluding injections, to females aged 15 to 44 in England. It includes prescriptions for implants, intrauterine systems (IUS), and intrauterine devices (IUD) issued during the calendar year. The data is sourced from the NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) and is expressed as a crude rate per 1,000 women in the target age group.

Rationale Increasing the uptake of LARC is a key public health objective, as these methods are among the most effective forms of contraception. They help reduce unintended pregnancies and support reproductive autonomy. Monitoring prescription rates helps assess access to and utilisation of these contraceptive options, informing service planning and sexual health strategies.

Numerator The numerator is the total number of LARC prescriptions (implants, IUS, and IUDs) issued to women of all ages during the calendar year. This data is obtained from NHSBSA’s ePACT2 prescription dataset.

Denominator The denominator is the number of females aged 15 to 44, based on mid-year population estimates from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

Caveats This dataset does not include LARC prescriptions issued in abortion, maternity, or gynaecology settings. Additionally, GP prescribing data reflects all-purpose prescriptions rather than individual-level data, which may not accurately represent the number of women using LARC for contraceptive purposes.

External References NHSBSA – Prescription Data (ePACT2) Public Health England – Sexual Health Profile

Click here to explore more from the Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Partnerships Outcome Framework.

this dataset contains details of the number of abortions in Scotland broken down by council authority and by age (under 20, 20-29, over 30) for 2008 and 2009. The figures are the absolute numbers and not the rates, hence the urban areas seem high in comparison to less populated areas. Standardising by population to give a rate per 100 000 might be useful. data sourced from iSD Scotland (http://www.isdscotlandarchive.scot.nhs.uk/isd/1918.html#Tables) and was then combined with boundary data from Sharegeo (http://www.sharegeo.ac.uk/handle/10672/301) which in turn uses OS Open Data as a source, hence the creative commons licence. GIS vector data. This dataset was first accessioned in the EDINA ShareGeo Open repository on 2012-06-29 and migrated to Edinburgh DataShare on 2017-02-21.

Introduction: Though embryonic chromosome abnormalities have been reported to be the most common cause of missed abortions, previous studies have mainly focused on embryonic chromosome abnormalities of missed abortions, with very few studies reporting that of non-missed abortion. Without chromosome studies of normal abortion samples, it is impossible to determine the risk factors of embryo chromosome abnormalities and missed abortion. This study aimed to investigate the maternal and embryonic chromosome characteristics of missed and non-missed abortion, to clarify the questions that how many missed abortions are caused by embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and what are their risk factors.Material and methods: This study was conducted on 131 women with missed or non-missed abortion from the Longitudinal Missed Abortion Study (LoMAS). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between maternal covariates and embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and missed abortions. Data on the characteristics of women with abortions were collected.Results: The embryonic chromosome abnormality rate was only 3.9% in non-missed abortion embryos, while it was 64.8% in missed-abortion embryos. Assisted reproductive technology and prior missed abortions increased the risk of embryonic chromosome abnormalities by 1.637 (95% CI: 1.573, 4.346. p = 0.010) and 3.111 (95% CI: 1.809, 7.439. (p < 0.001) times, respectively. In addition, as the age increased by 1 year, the risk of embryonic chromosome abnormality increased by 14.4% (OR: 1.144, 95% CI: 1.030, 1.272. p = 0.012). Moreover, advanced age may lead to different distributions of chromosomal abnormality types.Conclusion: Nearly two-thirds of missed abortions are caused by embryonic chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, advanced age, assisted reproductive technology, and prior missed abortions increase the risk of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities.

This dataset covers ballots 339-44, spanning January, March, May, July, September and November 1970. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 339 - January This Gallup poll aims to collect the opinions of Canadians on leading topics of the day. The questions are mostly politically based, and some of the subjects are taxation, prices, politics, pollution, and opinions towards marijuana. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: Anglo-French relations; the Benson tax reform; dangers of pollution; the influence American television programmes have; the legalization of Marijuana; morality of sex before marriage; Marijuana use; political preferences; proposed law for trimester abortion; possibility of a price freeze; the quality of news coverage in Canada; the rate of Canadian dependency; ratings of government services; reliable media coverage; whether or not big cities should get a bigger tax share; the possibility of a wage freeze; and who gains the most from rising prices. Basic demographic variables are also included. 340 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians on issues of importance to the government, and the country in general. The majority of the questions are politically based, asking opinions towards Canada's political leaders, parties, and policies. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: adequacy of teacher's pay; allowing Catholic priests to marry; the approval of the government's record to date; attending church; the ideal number of kids in a family; whether or not married women should be working outside of the home; political preferences; the possibility of provinces separating from Canada to join U.S.; the ratings of Stanfield as Opposition leader; the ratings of Trudeau as Prime Minister; the successfulness of wage-cost restraint; and the U.S. withdrawing from Vietnam. Basic demographic variables are also included. 341 - May This Gallup poll focuses mainly on gathering the opinions of Canadians towards issues of importance to the country and government. Most of the questions have something to do with politics, asking about political leaders, parties and politics. This survey contains a large section about taxation, and proposed tax reforms. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of money for the Old Age Pensions; the approval of capital gains tax; the approval of labour unions; big business's influence on Canada; birth control use; cabinet member's influence on Canada; Canadian and American television; denture wearers; the effects of tax reform; those who filed a tax return; whether or not the government is giving farmer's a square deal; if Canada has higher taxes then the United States; the influence labour unions have on Canada; making impaired drivers take breathalyser tests; the minimum requirements for percentage of Canadian material on television; the influence M.P.'s have on Canada; political preference; the preferred area of residence; the Prime Minister's influence on Canada; ratings of the Finance Minister's performance; ratings of the Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs; ratings of the Minister of Labour's performance; removing the Queen from stamps; the safety of birth control pills; satisfaction with amount of taxes; the seriousness of Quebec quitting the confederation; and if tight money policies will help inflation. Basic demographic variables are also included. 342 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as wages and inflation, and attitudes towards marijuana. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: a 6% pay limit increase; Canada becoming a Republic instead of being under the Queen's reign; divorce rates; fighting inflation; having fines for Marijuana possession instead of jail time; laws regulating labour unions; the lies in commercials; the Maritimes becoming one province; political preferences; the threat of Quebec separation if Bourassa is elected as Premier of Quebec; raising wages to keep up with the cost of living; the rating of Eric Kierans as Postmaster General; the rating of J.J. Greene as Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources; rating of John Turner as Finance Minister; the rise of unemployment; and the West becoming one province. Basic demographic variables are also included. 343 - September This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and satisfaction levels. There are also questions on other topics such as economic conditions, the Feminist movement and employment. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. The topics of interest include: the amount of attention paid to Quebec; the Canadian economy; control of U.S. firms; the Feminist movement; helping people in poor areas; improving highway safety; improving housings; improving public education; issues that need the government's attention; how long one can live without working; Nixon's performance; preparing children for the future; political preferences; reducing the amount of crime; reducing pollution; reducing racial discrimination; reducing unemployment; satisfaction levels; issues involving U.S. capital; if Canada is getting closer to the U.S.; and if Winnipeg should be Canada's capital. Basic demographic variables are also included. 344 - November This Gallup poll aims to collect the opinions of Canadians on the leading topics of the day. The questions are mostly politically based, and some of the subjects are the sale of gas to the U.S, updating abortion laws and opinions on various public figures. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada being on the threshold of greatness; Canadian ownership of firms; whether or not the country is heading towards a depression; getting the death penalty for kidnapping a public figure; the fashionableness of mini-skirts; feelings towards French-Canadians; the sale of gas to the U.S,; growing Canadian nationalism; the Nation that is a great country; political preference; prohibiting stores to be open on Sunday; the ratings of John Robart's (Premier of Ontario) conduct during crisis; the ratings of NDP leader Douglas' conduct in crisis; the ratings of opposition leader Stanfield's conduct in crisis; the ratings of Real Caouette's (leader of the creditiste party) conduct in crisis; the ratings of Robert Bourassa's (Premier of Quebec) conduct in crisis; the ratings of Trudeau's conduct in crisis; revising abortion laws; strength of the United Nations; the U.N. peace keeping army; and using the War measures act to handle FLQ. Basic demographic variables are also included.The codebook for this dataset is available through the UBC Library catalogue, with call number HN110.Z9 P84.

Introduction: Though embryonic chromosome abnormalities have been reported to be the most common cause of missed abortions, previous studies have mainly focused on embryonic chromosome abnormalities of missed abortions, with very few studies reporting that of non-missed abortion. Without chromosome studies of normal abortion samples, it is impossible to determine the risk factors of embryo chromosome abnormalities and missed abortion. This study aimed to investigate the maternal and embryonic chromosome characteristics of missed and non-missed abortion, to clarify the questions that how many missed abortions are caused by embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and what are their risk factors.Material and methods: This study was conducted on 131 women with missed or non-missed abortion from the Longitudinal Missed Abortion Study (LoMAS). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between maternal covariates and embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and missed abortions. Data on the characteristics of women with abortions were collected.Results: The embryonic chromosome abnormality rate was only 3.9% in non-missed abortion embryos, while it was 64.8% in missed-abortion embryos. Assisted reproductive technology and prior missed abortions increased the risk of embryonic chromosome abnormalities by 1.637 (95% CI: 1.573, 4.346. p = 0.010) and 3.111 (95% CI: 1.809, 7.439. (p < 0.001) times, respectively. In addition, as the age increased by 1 year, the risk of embryonic chromosome abnormality increased by 14.4% (OR: 1.144, 95% CI: 1.030, 1.272. p = 0.012). Moreover, advanced age may lead to different distributions of chromosomal abnormality types.Conclusion: Nearly two-thirds of missed abortions are caused by embryonic chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, advanced age, assisted reproductive technology, and prior missed abortions increase the risk of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities.

Abstract

Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre Pune has a rich tradition in health care and development being in the forefront of needs-based, issue-driven research over almost 35 years. During the decades of 1980 and 1990 the research at Vadu focused on mother and child with epidemiological and social science research exploring low birth weight, child survival, maternal mortality, safe abortion and domestic violence. The research portfolio has ever since expanded to include adult health and aging, non-communicable and communicable diseases and to clinical trials in recent years. It started with establishment of Health and Demographic Surveillance System at Vadu (HDSS Vadu) in August, 2002 that seeks to establish a quasi-experimental design setting to allow evaluation of impact of health interventions as well as monitor secular trends in diseases, risk factors and health behavior of humans.

The term "demographic surveillance" means to keep close track of the population dynamics. Vadu HDSS deals with keeping track of health issues and demographic changes in Vadu rural health program (VRHP) area. It is one of the most promising projects of national relevance that aims at establishing a quasi-experimental intervention research setting with the following objectives: 1) To create a longitudinal data base for efficient service delivery, future research, and linking all past micro-studies in Vadu area 2) Monitoring trends in public health problems 3) Keeping track of population dynamics 4) Evaluating intervention services

This dataset contains the events of all individuals ever resident during the study period (1 Jan. 2009 to 31 Dec. 2015).

Geographic coverage

Vadu HDSS falls in two administrative blocks: (1) Shirur and (2) Haweli of Pune district in Maharashtra in western India. It covers an area of approximately 232 square kilometers.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Vadu HDSS covers as many as 50,000 households having 140,000 population spread across 22 villages.

Kind of data

Event history data

Frequency of data collection

Two rounds per year

Sampling procedure

Vadu area including 22 villages in two administrative blocks is the study area. This area was selected as this is primarily coverage area of Vadu Rural Health Program which is in function since more than four decade. Every individual household is included in HDSS. There is no sampling strategy employed as 100% population coverage in the area is expected.

Mode of data collection

Proxy Respondent [proxy]

Research instrument

Language of communication is in Marath or Hindi. The form labels are multilingual - in English and Marathi, but the data entered through the forms are in English only.

The following forms were used: - Field Worker Checklist Form - The checklist provides a guideline to ensure that all the households are covered during the round and the events occurred in each household are captured. - Enumeration Form: To capture the population details at the start of the HDSS or any addition of villages afterwards. - Pregnancy Form: To capture pregnancy details of women in the age group 15 to 49. - Birth Form: To capture the details of the birth events.
- Inmigration Form: To capture inward population movement from outside the HDSS area and also for movement within the HDSS area. - Outmigration Form: To capture outward population movement from inside the HDSS area and also for movement within the HDSS area. - Death Form: To capture death events.

Cleaning operations

Entered data undergo a data cleaning process. During the cleaning process all error data are either corrected in consultaiton with the data QC team or the respective forms are sent back to the field for re collection of correct data. Data editors have the access to the raw dataset for making necessary editing after corrected data are bought from the field.

For all individuals whose enumeration (ENU), Inmigration (IMG) or Birth (BTH) have occurred before the left censoring date (2009-01-01) and have not outmigrated (OMG) or not died (DTH) before the left censoring date (2009-01-01) are included in the dataset as Enumeration (ENU) with EventDate as the left censored date (2009-01-01). But the actual date of observation of the event (ENU, BTH, IMG) is retained in the dataset as observation date for these left censored ENU events. The individual is dropped from the dataset if their end event (OMG or DTH) is prior to the left censoring date (2009-01-01)

Response rate

On an average the response rate is 99.99% in all rounds over the years.

Sampling error estimates

Not Applicable

Data appraisal

Data is cleaned to an acceptable level against the standard data rules using Pentaho Data Integration Comminity Edition (PDI CE) tool. After the cleaning process, quality metrics were as follows:

CentreId MetricTable QMetric Illegal Legal Total Metric RunDate IN021 MicroDataCleaned Starts 1 301112 301113 0. 2017-05-31 20:06
IN021 MicroDataCleaned Transitions 0 667010 667010 0. 2017-05-31 20:07
IN021 MicroDataCleaned Ends 301113 2017-05-31 20:07
IN021 MicroDataCleaned SexValues 29 666981 667010 0. 2017-05-31 20:07
IN021 MicroDataCleaned DoBValues 575 666435 667010 0. 2017-05-31 20:07

Note: Except lower under five mortality in 2012 and lower adult mortality among females in 2013, all other estimates are fairly within expected range. Data underwent additional review in terms of electronic data capture, data cleaning and management to look for reasons for lower under five mortality rates in 2013 and lower female adult mortality in 2013. The additional review returned marginally higher rates and this supplements the validity of collected data. Further field related review of 2012 and 2013 data are underway and any revisions to published data/figures will be shared at a later stage.

This dataset covers ballots 529-33, 752, 761, 765-67, 776, 806-12, spanning January-December 1988. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 529-1 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on what Canada's biggest problem is, the prospect of peace in the Middle-east and which party is best equipped to deal with Canada's biggest problem. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, whether or not an election should be called and how hard people work . The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada's biggest problem; evaluation of party to best deal with Canada's problems; subsidized day-care; the conflict in the Middle-east; Canada's economic situation in the next six months; the security of computer credit information; whether or not an election should be called; how hard people work; and predictions for Canada's next parliament. Basic demographic variables are also included. 530-1 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on what Canada's biggest problem is, the prospect of peace in the Middle-east and which party is best equipped to deal with Canada's biggest problem. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, whether or not an election should be called and how hard people work . The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada's biggest problem; evaluation of party to best deal with Canada's problems; subsidized day-care; the conflict in the Middle-east; Canada's economic situation in the next six months; the security of computer credit information; whether or not an election should be called; how hard people work; and predictions for Canada's next parliament. Basic demographic variables are also included. 531-1 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about different political figures and parties, current events and the severity of substance abuse in Canada. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the ability of the United States to treat the world's problems, the existence of U.F.O's and life on other planets and unemployment insurance. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: drug and alcohol use in Canada; bias in new reporting; cabinet minister identification; opinions on Canadian political leaders; cruise missile testing in Canada's north; nuclear energy in Canada; immigration quotas; unemployment insurance; disposable income; and U.F.O's. Basic demographics are also included. 532-1 - April This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions on the prevelance and acceptance of homosexuality, and approval of the Meech Lake accord. There are also questions on other topics of interest such acid rain versus free trade negotiations with the Unite States, patriotism in Canada and Sunday shopping. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: acid rain versus free trade as most important issue to negotiate with U.S.; approval of granting Quebec distinct society status in the Meech Lake accord; approval of granting more power to the provinces in the Meech Lake accord; degree of patriotism in Canada; effect of a candidate's sexual orientation on getting votes; general familiarity with and approval of the Meech Lake accord; professions homosexuals should or should not be allowed to pursue; rights for homosexuals; Svend Robinson's declaring himself as a homosexual; the minimum amount of money a family of four needs per week to get by; abortion as woman and doctor's decision; and Sunday shopping. Basic demographic variables are also included. 533-1 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the frequency of political preference, influential factors in political choices and general economic issues. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as religious habits, anti-smoking bylaws and the impact of computers. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: the rate and regulation of bank fees; importance of organized religion; the economic future of Canada; the ideal number of children to have; the impact and availability of computers; anti-smoking bylaws; approval of 1984 Progressive Conservative government; approval of 1988 party leaders; abortion; influential factors on voter choice; and free trade. Basic demographics are also included. 752-p - August (Alberta Regional Review) This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Albertans on predominantly political issues. Topics of interest include: whether Canadian farmers require special government assistance, remuneration for the Principal Group failure, voting behavior in the provincial election, opinion on the Progressive Conservative government in Edmonton, Don Getty, Ray Martin, Don Getty stepping down as leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party, the Provincial Liberal Part, voting behavior in the federal election, and the trading of Wayne Gretzky's effect on the Edmonton Oilers and Los Angeles Kings. Basic demographics are also included. 761-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and upcoming political voting trends. There are also questions dealing with Party leaders and the situations they would excel in. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: voting behaviour; the Election; party leaders; Brian Mulroney; Ed Broadbent; John Turner/ Basic demographic variables are also included. 765-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians from the Toronto area, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about current municipal level problems like traffic congestion and housing prices as well as opinions on federal issues like abortion and free trade. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as voting choice, political leaders at the federal level and who would make the best Prime Minister. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: degree of interest in upcoming federal election; likelihood that respondent will choose to vote; vote inclination or preferences; federal election's main issue; social issues facing Toronto; and evaluations of Brian Mulroney, John Turner and Edbroadbent. Basic demographics are also included. 766-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on political leaders during the televised debate. The questions ask opinions about the winner fo the debate, the impact of the debate on the respondents upcoming vote and the free trade issue. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: wether the respondents watched the debate in full or only part; the winner according to the respondents; the impact on the respondents upcoming vote; the preferences of the respondents before viewing the debate; and the necessity of a separate debate concerning the free trade issue. Basic demographics are also included. 767-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political questions. The questions ask opinions about candidates and parties in the upcoming federal election, the respondents' degree of interest in the current electoral campaign. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as voting choice, and the proposed Canada - U.S. Free Trade Agreement. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: degree of interest in upcoming election; likelihood that respondent will choose to vote; previous voting; voter preferences; factors influencing voter's choice; support for, and potential impact of free trade; and assessments of party leaders and other prominent political leaders. Basic demographics are also included. 776-t - November (missing) 806-1 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders, business conditions, free trade and social issues such as abortion. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as amnesty for illegal immigrants and child birth incentives to counteract the falling birth rate. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: allowing amnesty to illegal immigrants; business conditions; Canadian political party leaders; Free Trade and its effect on employment, income and Canada U.S. relations; incentives to counter falling birth rates; legalization of abortion; political figures: Brian Mulrooney, John Turner, Ed Broadbent and the 1988 Canadian Cabinet; problems facing Canada today; and American investment in Canada.