During a 2024 survey, 77 percent of respondents from Nigeria stated that they used social media as a source of news. In comparison, just 23 percent of Japanese respondents said the same. Large portions of social media users around the world admit that they do not trust social platforms either as media sources or as a way to get news, and yet they continue to access such networks on a daily basis.

              Social media: trust and consumption

              Despite the majority of adults surveyed in each country reporting that they used social networks to keep up to date with news and current affairs, a 2018 study showed that social media is the least trusted news source in the world. Less than 35 percent of adults in Europe considered social networks to be trustworthy in this respect, yet more than 50 percent of adults in Portugal, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Croatia said that they got their news on social media.

              What is clear is that we live in an era where social media is such an enormous part of daily life that consumers will still use it in spite of their doubts or reservations. Concerns about fake news and propaganda on social media have not stopped billions of users accessing their favorite networks on a daily basis.
              Most Millennials in the United States use social media for news every day, and younger consumers in European countries are much more likely to use social networks for national political news than their older peers.
              Like it or not, reading news on social is fast becoming the norm for younger generations, and this form of news consumption will likely increase further regardless of whether consumers fully trust their chosen network or not.

NYTD in Practice publications provide resources to help the NYTD workforce. Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

How many people use social media?

              Social media usage is one of the most popular online activities. In 2024, over five billion people were using social media worldwide, a number projected to increase to over six billion in 2028.

              Who uses social media?
              Social networking is one of the most popular digital activities worldwide and it is no surprise that social networking penetration across all regions is constantly increasing. As of January 2023, the global social media usage rate stood at 59 percent. This figure is anticipated to grow as lesser developed digital markets catch up with other regions
              when it comes to infrastructure development and the availability of cheap mobile devices. In fact, most of social media’s global growth is driven by the increasing usage of mobile devices. Mobile-first market Eastern Asia topped the global ranking of mobile social networking penetration, followed by established digital powerhouses such as the Americas and Northern Europe.

              How much time do people spend on social media?
              Social media is an integral part of daily internet usage. On average, internet users spend 151 minutes per day on social media and messaging apps, an increase of 40 minutes since 2015. On average, internet users in Latin America had the highest average time spent per day on social media.

              What are the most popular social media platforms?
              Market leader Facebook was the first social network to surpass one billion registered accounts and currently boasts approximately 2.9 billion monthly active users, making it the most popular social network worldwide. In June 2023, the top social media apps in the Apple App Store included mobile messaging apps WhatsApp and Telegram Messenger, as well as the ever-popular app version of Facebook.

Social media are widely used by young people (YP), but how YP with language disorders use social media for social interaction remains insufficiently studied. This article provides an overview of the research on social media use by YP with language disorders. A scoping review was conducted, guided by a five-stage framework. Ten databases were searched (CENTRAL, CINAHL, ERIC, LLBA, Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, speechBITE, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global). Chaining searches of papers identified for inclusion were conducted. After screening 199 unique papers, 44 were included. Findings revealed that YP with language disorders use social media less compared to typically developing peers; their profile of communication difficulties may impact the types of social media with which they engage. Although intervention studies are limited, the results offer encouraging findings regarding the positive impact of support for use of social media. Barriers and facilitators for social media use are identified. YP with language disorders use social media for social purposes. However, co-designed research into what YP with language disorders perceive their social media needs to be is urgently needed. How to support YP with language disorders to use social media is subject to future investigation. Young people with language disorders are likely using a range of social media to support their social participation, but they use social media less than typically developing peers.The types of social media young people with language disorders choose to engage with may be impacted by their language/literacy difficulties.There is preliminary evidence that intervention to support the use of social media by young people with language disorders is beneficial, but more research is required to identify the components to include in social media use training programs.To support the access to and use of social media by young people with language disorders, healthcare professionals may need to collaborate with parents and schools. Young people with language disorders are likely using a range of social media to support their social participation, but they use social media less than typically developing peers. The types of social media young people with language disorders choose to engage with may be impacted by their language/literacy difficulties. There is preliminary evidence that intervention to support the use of social media by young people with language disorders is beneficial, but more research is required to identify the components to include in social media use training programs. To support the access to and use of social media by young people with language disorders, healthcare professionals may need to collaborate with parents and schools.

The Political Cartooning and Peace-Building project was funded by the GCRF (Research England) in 2020/2021, working with partners in South Africa, Kenya and Ivory Coast. The goal of the project was to explore the use of political cartooning as a tool for addressing conflict and building peace with marginalised young people living in challenging circumstances. Participants completed surveys during their workshop experiences, and the dataset can be found here.

The global social media penetration rate in was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2028 by in total 11.6 (+18.19 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the penetration rate is estimated to reach 75.31 and therefore a new peak in 2028. Notably, the social media penetration rate of was continuously increasing over the past years.

As of January 2024, Instagram was slightly more popular with men than women, with men accounting for 50.6 percent of the platform’s global users. Additionally, the social media app was most popular amongst younger audiences, with almost 32 percent of users aged between 18 and 24 years.

              Instagram’s Global Audience

              As of January 2024, Instagram was the fourth most popular social media platform globally, reaching two billion monthly active users (MAU). This number is projected to keep growing with no signs of slowing down, which is not a surprise as the global online social penetration rate across all regions is constantly increasing.
              As of January 2024, the country with the largest Instagram audience was India with 362.9 million users, followed by the United States with 169.7 million users.

              Who is winning over the generations?

              Even though Instagram’s audience is almost twice the size of TikTok’s on a global scale, TikTok has shown itself to be a fierce competitor, particularly amongst younger audiences. TikTok was the most downloaded mobile app globally in 2022, generating 672 million downloads. As of 2022, Generation Z in the United States spent more time on TikTok than on Instagram monthly.

On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute Kantar conducted a target group survey of the ´Generation Z´. For this purpose, 1,022 people between the ages of 14 and 24 were surveyed online between 05 and 18 July 2021. The focus of the survey was on the values and orientation of the generation, their situation in the pandemic, political interest and information behaviour as well as political and social attitudes. In order to map the influence of the corona pandemic on the attitudes and social image of Generation Z, the results of this survey were compared with a survey from 2019. Current life circumstances: life satisfaction; highest school-leaving qualification of father and mother; material situation: frequency of renunciation for financial reasons; source of money (from own work, from parents, from state support, from elsewhere); primary source of money; negative effects of the Corona crisis on personal income; organisation of distance learning (communication via a digital learning platform, via video conference, via e-mail, via messenger/chats such as e.g. WhatsApp, via a cloud, by telephone, by post or by other means); agreement with statements on the situation in schools/colleges (I was able to concentrate well on my tasks at home, I missed direct contact with my classmates/ fellow students, my grades deteriorated during the pandemic, distance learning at my school/college worked well, I had insufficient equipment to follow lessons, the accessibility of teachers was very good even in times of distance learning, learning became more strenuous for me during the pandemic); opinion on the future recognition of school, university or professional degrees made during the Corona pandemic; leisure activities during the pandemic (less sport since the beginning of the pandemic than before, relationships with friends have deteriorated during the pandemic, significantly more time on the internet since the beginning of the pandemic than before, started a new hobby during the pandemic); vaccination status; likelihood of Corona vaccination. 2. Values and attitudes: personally most important life goals (e.g. self-discovery, independence, enjoying life, career, etc.); importance of various aspects for pursuing a profession (secure job, adequate income, interesting work that is fun, compatibility of private life and profession (work-life balance), career opportunities, responsibility, opportunities for further training and development); comparison of values : comparison of values Corona: extensive collection of data for infection protection vs. data protection, especially young vs. especially old people have suffered from the pandemic, pandemic as a chance for change vs. after the pandemic back to the usual normality, comparison of values State: debts in favour of education and infrastructure not a problem vs. always a burden for future generations, active role of the state for important future tasks such as climate protection and educational justice vs. leaving a passive role and shaping of the future to society and the economy, orienting politics towards future generations vs. protecting the interests of those who have already made a contribution to society, comparison of lifestyle values: conscious renunciation in favour of sustainability vs. doing what I feel like doing, doing without in favour of health vs. having fun in the foreground, self-realisation vs. putting aside one´s own needs in favour of one´s personal environment, today´s generation has completely different values than the generation before it vs. in principle very similar values as the generation before it). 3. Media and information: interest in politics; points of contact with politics in everyday life (e.g. media consumption, when using social networks, in personal conversations with friends and family, at work, at school or university, in public spaces, in leisure time/hobbies); being informed about politics; most frequently used sources of political information (media) (e.g. news programmes on TV, talk shows on TV, websites of public institutions and authorities, etc.). e.g. news programmes on TV, talk shows on TV, websites of public institutions and authorities, satire programmes on TV, etc.); change in political information behaviour in the Corona pandemic. 4. Politics and society: satisfaction with democracy; opinion on democracy as an idea; need for reform of politics in Germany; most important political problems in Germany (open); satisfaction with the work of the federal government; trust in institutions (judiciary, environmental and aid organisations such as Greenpeace or Amnesty International, public health authorities such as the Robert Koch Institute, federal government, Bundestag, police, churches, school/university); perception of social lines of conflict (between rich and poor, employers and employees, young and old, foreigners and Germans, East Germans and West Germans, women and men, people in the city and people in the countryside); attitudes towards Corona (politicians take young people´s concerns seriously, young people received sufficient financial support from the state during the pandemic, young people´s needs were not taken into account enough by politicians during the Corona pandemic, the Corona pandemic will affect my generation´s future opportunities in the long term, my generation will benefit significantly from the awakening after the Corona pandemic, the Corona crisis has changed my perspective on many things in life, young people´s career opportunities have deteriorated as a result of the pandemic); agreement with various statements on Corona vaccination (children and young people aged 12 and over should also be vaccinated against Corona, young people currently have to wait too long for a vaccination appointment, vaccination prioritisation should have been lifted earlier, vaccination of young people against Corona is not necessary, there should be compulsory vaccination for schoolchildren, I personally feel that Corona vaccinations in Germany are treated fairly); currently appropriate measures to support children and young people (open). 5. Future perspectives: assessment of personal future opportunities; assessment of the future opportunities of one´s own generation in Germany; future vision of politics: agreement with various statements (a council of randomly selected citizens should be created to draw up political recommendations for the federal government, voting in elections should be possible via app, the voting age in federal elections should be lowered to 16, the population should be represented in the Bundestag by means of quotas, the population should vote directly on important political issues by referendum). Demography: age; sex; federal state; current attendance at school, college or university; type of educational institution currently attended; highest level of education attained to date; employment; subjective class classification; housing situation; household size; party sympathies; migration background. Additionally coded was: serial number; city size; weighting factor. Im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung hat das Meinungsforschungsinstitut Kantar eine Zielgruppenbefragung der „Generation Z“ durchgeführt. Dazu wurden im Zeitraum vom 05. – 18. Juli 2021 1.022 Personen zwischen 14 und 24 Jahren online befragt. Die Schwerpunkte der Befragung lagen auf den Werten und Orientierung der Generation, ihrer Situation in der Pandemie, dem politischen Interesse und Informationsverhalten sowie auf den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Einstellungen. Um den Einfluss der Coronapandemie auf die Einstellungen und das Gesellschaftsbild der Generation Z abzubilden, wurden die Ergebnisse dieser Befragung mit einer Befragung aus dem Jahr 2019 verglichen. Aktuelle Lebensumstände: Lebenszufriedenheit; höchster Schulabschluss von Vater und Mutter; materielle Situation: Häufigkeit des Verzichts aus finanziellen Gründen; Geldquelle (aus eigener Arbeit, von den Eltern, aus staatlicher Unterstützung, von woanders her); primäre Geldquelle; negative Auswirkungen der Corona-Krise auf das persönliche Einkommen; Organisation des Fernunterrichts (Kommunikation über eine digitale Lernplattform, per Videokonferenz, per E-Mail, per Messenger/Chats wie z.B. WhatsApp, über eine Cloud, per Telefon, per Post oder auf sonstige Weise); Zustimmung zu Aussagen zur Situation in Schulen/ an Hochschulen (ich konnte mich zu Hause gut auf meine Aufgaben konzentrieren, der direkte Kontakt zu meinen Mitschüler/innen/ Kommilitonen/innen hat mir gefehlt, meine Noten sind während der Pandemie schlechter geworden, der Fernunterricht an meiner Schule/ Hochschule hat gut funktioniert, ich hatte nur ungenügende Ausstattung zur Verfügung, um dem Unterricht folgen zu können, die Erreichbarkeit der Lehrkräfte war auch in Zeiten des Fernunterrichts sehr gut, das Lernen ist für mich während der Pandemie anstrengender geworden); Meinung zur künftigen Anerkennung von Schul-, Universitäts- oder Berufsabschlüssen, die während der Corona-Pandemie gemacht wurden; Freizeitgestaltung während der Pandemie (seit Beginn der Pandemie weniger Sport als davor, Beziehungen zu Freunden haben sich in der Pandemie verschlechtert, seit Beginn der Pandemie deutlich mehr Zeit im Internet als davor, in der Pandemie ein neues Hobby begonnen); Impfstatus; Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Corona-Impfung. 2. Werte und Einstellungen: persönlich wichtigste Lebensziele (z.B. Selbstfindung, Unabhängigkeit, Leben genießen, Karriere, etc.); Wichtigkeit verschiedener Aspekte für die Ausübung eines Berufs (sicherer Arbeitsplatz, angemessenes Einkommen, interessante Arbeit, die Spaß macht, Vereinbarkeit von Privatleben und Beruf (Work-Life-Balance), Karrieremöglichkeiten, Verantwortung, Weiterbildungs- und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten); Gegenüberstellung von Werten :

The study data were obtained through an online survey conducted in Finland and the UK to study social media, brands and its effects on young people aged 15–30. The online survey resulted in a total of 2,674 responses, all the corresponding respondents reported using social media. The data were gathered in the spring of 2019 through a survey company Suomen Online tutkimus utilizing an online panel. The data were anonymous, and consisted only of those individuals reporting to use social media. The data consists of multiple choice questions and open ended questions. Data was collected utilizing both established survey measurement tools (eg. social media attitude scale, parasocial interaction scale) and statements built especially for this data collection Data files will be published in 2023.

Exploring how young people engage with, share, and are influenced by news has long captivated academic interest. It is crucial for comprehending how young people are informed and develop critical thinking skills amid evolving media landscapes, and for predicting potential impacts on the industry and democracy. Given the increasing complexity of the news field, this paper conducts a systematic literature review from 2010 to 2022, focusing on journals within SCImago’s top 100 list for journalism, media, and communication. The review categorises the 232 academic papers based on origin, methods, and types of youth studied. First, this article systematises geographical origin, methods used, ages and types of youth studied in the 232 academic papers comprising the final sample. Second, it summarises key findings concerning how the most cited papers frame “youth” and “news”. Last, the article concludes by pointing out research gaps and possible future challenges. The study reveals that user studies are prominent, while production studies on news media reaching young people are scarce. There is a strong Western bias in current research, with a prevalence of U.S. college student survey studies. The terms “youth” and “news” lack in-depth exploration. This article discusses challenges arising from these findings.

BackgroundGlobally, over 81 million people use e-cigarettes, and the majority of them are young adults. Using e-cigarettes causes different types of adverse health effects both in adults and elderly people. Over time, using e-cigarettes has detrimental consequences on lung function, brain development and numerous other illnesses.MethodsThis study employed a mixed-methods conducted between June and September 2023, comprising two phases: Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping of available e-cigarette point-of-sale (POS) locations and conducting 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with e-cigarette retailers, along with 5 key informant interviews (KIIs) involving tobacco control activists and policy experts. ArcGIS was employed for spatial analysis, creating distribution and type maps, and buffer and multi-buffer ring analyses were conducted to assess proximity to hospitals and academic institutions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics for GIS mapping and qualitative analysis for interview transcripts, utilizing a priori codebook and thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 276 POS were mapped in the entire Dhaka city. About 55 POS were found within 100m distance from academic institutions in Dhaka city, which offers the easy accessibility of young generations to e-cigarettes. The younger generation is becoming the major target for e-cigarettes because of their alluring flavors, appealing looks, and variation in flavors. Sellers have been using different marketing tactics such as postering, offering discounts and using internet marketing on social media. Moreover, they try to convince the customers by saying that e-cigarettes are ‘not harmful’ or ‘less harmful’. However, retailers were mostly taking e-cigarettes from local wholesalers or distributors. Customers buy these products both from in-store and online services. Due to the absence of laws and regulations on e-cigarettes in Bangladesh, the availability, marketing, and selling of e-cigarettes are increasing alarmingly.ConclusionE-cigarette retail shops are mostly surrounded by academic institutions, and it is expanding. Besides, frequent exposure, easy accessibility, and tactful promotion encourage the younger generations to consume e-cigarettes. The government should take necessary control measures on manufacturing, storage, advertising, promotion, sponsorship, marketing, distribution, sale, import, and export in order to safeguard the health and safety of young and future generations.

Young people need skills and competencies to make the most of the benefits of the Internet and digital media. This is especially relevant to bridge the socioeconomic and political and cultural participation gap. Public policies should prioritize and support innovation and the acquisition of youth work and development methods in the digital context. This goal should be developed from social education to support youth in their role as active and critical citizens. Thus, the project in which this dataset frames explores how certain uses of the Internet and social media allow young people to position themselves and stand as political actors, actors involved in social, cultural and economic political life and proposes.

As of April 2024, around 16.5 percent of global active Instagram users were men between the ages of 18 and 24 years. More than half of the global Instagram population worldwide was aged 34 years or younger.

              Teens and social media

              As one of the biggest social networks worldwide, Instagram is especially popular with teenagers. As of fall 2020, the photo-sharing app ranked third in terms of preferred social network among teenagers in the United States, second to Snapchat and TikTok. Instagram was one of the most influential advertising channels among female Gen Z users when making purchasing decisions. Teens report feeling more confident, popular, and better about themselves when using social media, and less lonely, depressed and anxious.
              Social media can have negative effects on teens, which is also much more pronounced on those with low emotional well-being. It was found that 35 percent of teenagers with low social-emotional well-being reported to have experienced cyber bullying when using social media, while in comparison only five percent of teenagers with high social-emotional well-being stated the same. As such, social media can have a big impact on already fragile states of mind.

TikTok is developing into a key platform for news, advertising, politics, online shopping, and entertainment in Germany, with over 20 million monthly users. Especially among young people, TikTok plays an increasing role in their information environment. We provide a human-coded dataset of over 4,000 TikTok videos from German-speaking news outlets from 2023. The coding includes descriptive variables of the videos (e.g., visual style, text overlays, and audio presence) and theory-derived concepts from the journalism sciences (e.g., news values).

This dataset consists of every second video published in 2023 by major news outlets active on TikTok from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The data collection was facilitated with the official TikTok API in January 2024. The manual coding took place between September 2024 and December 2024. For a detailed description of the data collection, validation, annotation and descriptive analysis, please refer to [Forthcoming dataset paper publication].

The number of Instagram users in the United Kingdom was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2028 by in total 2.1 million users (+7.02 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the Instagram user base is estimated to reach 32 million users and therefore a new peak in 2028. Notably, the number of Instagram users of was continuously increasing over the past years.User figures, shown here with regards to the platform instagram, have been estimated by taking into account company filings or press material, secondary research, app downloads and traffic data. They refer to the average monthly active users over the period and count multiple accounts by persons only once.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

How much time do people spend on social media? As of 2025, the average daily social media usage of internet users worldwide amounted to 141 minutes per day, down from 143 minutes in the previous year. Currently, the country with the most time spent on social media per day is Brazil, with online users spending an average of 3 hours and 49 minutes on social media each day. In comparison, the daily time spent with social media in the U.S. was just 2 hours and 16 minutes. Global social media usageCurrently, the global social network penetration rate is 62.3 percent. Northern Europe had an 81.7 percent social media penetration rate, topping the ranking of global social media usage by region. Eastern and Middle Africa closed the ranking with 10.1 and 9.6 percent usage reach, respectively. People access social media for a variety of reasons. Users like to find funny or entertaining content and enjoy sharing photos and videos with friends, but mainly use social media to stay in touch with current events friends. Global impact of social mediaSocial media has a wide-reaching and significant impact on not only online activities but also offline behavior and life in general. During a global online user survey in February 2019, a significant share of respondents stated that social media had increased their access to information, ease of communication, and freedom of expression. On the flip side, respondents also felt that social media had worsened their personal privacy, increased a polarization in politics and heightened everyday distractions.

ABSTRACT

The Albero study analyzes the personal transitions of a cohort of high school students at the end of their studies. The data consist of (a) the longitudinal social network of the students, before (n = 69) and after (n = 57) finishing their studies; and (b) the longitudinal study of the personal networks of each of the participants in the research. The two observations of the complete social network are presented in two matrices in Excel format. For each respondent, two square matrices of 45 alters of their personal networks are provided, also in Excel format. For each respondent, both psychological sense of community and frequency of commuting is provided in a SAV file (SPSS). The database allows the combined analysis of social networks and personal networks of the same set of individuals.

INTRODUCTION

Ecological transitions are key moments in the life of an individual that occur as a result of a change of role or context. This is the case, for example, of the completion of high school studies, when young people start their university studies or try to enter the labor market. These transitions are turning points that carry a risk or an opportunity (Seidman & French, 2004). That is why they have received special attention in research and psychological practice, both from a developmental point of view and in the situational analysis of stress or in the implementation of preventive strategies.

The data we present in this article describe the ecological transition of a group of young people from Alcala de Guadaira, a town located about 16 kilometers from Seville. Specifically, in the “Albero” study we monitored the transition of a cohort of secondary school students at the end of the last pre-university academic year. It is a turning point in which most of them began a metropolitan lifestyle, with more displacements to the capital and a slight decrease in identification with the place of residence (Maya-Jariego, Holgado & Lubbers, 2018).

Normative transitions, such as the completion of studies, affect a group of individuals simultaneously, so they can be analyzed both individually and collectively. From an individual point of view, each student stops attending the institute, which is replaced by new interaction contexts. Consequently, the structure and composition of their personal networks are transformed. From a collective point of view, the network of friendships of the cohort of high school students enters into a gradual process of disintegration and fragmentation into subgroups (Maya-Jariego, Lubbers & Molina, 2019).

These two levels, individual and collective, were evaluated in the “Albero” study. One of the peculiarities of this database is that we combine the analysis of a complete social network with a survey of personal networks in the same set of individuals, with a longitudinal design before and after finishing high school. This allows combining the study of the multiple contexts in which each individual participates, assessed through the analysis of a sample of personal networks (Maya-Jariego, 2018), with the in-depth analysis of a specific context (the relationships between a promotion of students in the institute), through the analysis of the complete network of interactions. This potentially allows us to examine the covariation of the social network with the individual differences in the structure of personal networks.

PARTICIPANTS

The social network and personal networks of the students of the last two years of high school of an institute of Alcala de Guadaira (Seville) were analyzed. The longitudinal follow-up covered approximately a year and a half. The first wave was composed of 31 men (44.9%) and 38 women (55.1%) who live in Alcala de Guadaira, and who mostly expect to live in Alcala (36.2%) or in Seville (37.7%) in the future. In the second wave, information was obtained from 27 men (47.4%) and 30 women (52.6%).

DATE STRUCTURE AND ARCHIVES FORMAT

The data is organized in two longitudinal observations, with information on the complete social network of the cohort of students of the last year, the personal networks of each individual and complementary information on the sense of community and frequency of metropolitan movements, among other variables.

Social network

The file “Red_Social_t1.xlsx” is a valued matrix of 69 actors that gathers the relations of knowledge and friendship between the cohort of students of the last year of high school in the first observation. The file “Red_Social_t2.xlsx” is a valued matrix of 57 actors obtained 17 months after the first observation.

The data is organized in two longitudinal observations, with information on the complete social network of the cohort of students of the last year, the personal networks of each individual and complementary information on the sense of community and frequency of metropolitan movements, among other variables.

In order to generate each complete social network, the list of 77 students enrolled in the last year of high school was passed to the respondents, asking that in each case they indicate the type of relationship, according to the following values: 1, “his/her name sounds familiar"; 2, "I know him/her"; 3, "we talk from time to time"; 4, "we have good relationship"; and 5, "we are friends." The two resulting complete networks are represented in Figure 2. In the second observation, it is a comparatively less dense network, reflecting the gradual disintegration process that the student group has initiated.

Personal networks

Also in this case the information is organized in two observations. The compressed file “Redes_Personales_t1.csv” includes 69 folders, corresponding to personal networks. Each folder includes a valued matrix of 45 alters in CSV format. Likewise, in each case a graphic representation of the network obtained with Visone (Brandes and Wagner, 2004) is included. Relationship values range from 0 (do not know each other) to 2 (know each other very well).

Second, the compressed file “Redes_Personales_t2.csv” includes 57 folders, with the information equivalent to each respondent referred to the second observation, that is, 17 months after the first interview. The structure of the data is the same as in the first observation.

Sense of community and metropolitan displacements

The SPSS file “Albero.sav” collects the survey data, together with some information-summary of the network data related to each respondent. The 69 rows correspond to the 69 individuals interviewed, and the 118 columns to the variables related to each of them in T1 and T2, according to the following list:

 • Socio-economic data.


 • Data on habitual residence.


 • Information on intercity journeys.


 • Identity and sense of community.


 • Personal network indicators.


 • Social network indicators.

DATA ACCESS

Social networks and personal networks are available in CSV format. This allows its use directly with UCINET, Visone, Pajek or Gephi, among others, and they can be exported as Excel or text format files, to be used with other programs.

The visual representation of the personal networks of the respondents in both waves is available in the following album of the Graphic Gallery of Personal Networks on Flickr: .

In previous work we analyzed the effects of personal networks on the longitudinal evolution of the socio-centric network. It also includes additional details about the instruments applied. In case of using the data, please quote the following reference:

Maya-Jariego, I., Holgado, D. & Lubbers, M. J. (2018). Efectos de la estructura de las redes personales en la red sociocéntrica de una cohorte de estudiantes en transición de la enseñanza secundaria a la universidad. Universitas Psychologica, 17(1), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-1.eerp

The English version of this article can be downloaded from: https://tinyurl.com/yy9s2byl

CONCLUSION

The database of the “Albero” study allows us to explore the co-evolution of social networks and personal networks. In this way, we can examine the mutual dependence of individual trajectories and the structure of the relationships of the cohort of students as a whole. The complete social network corresponds to the same context of interaction: the secondary school. However, personal networks collect information from the different contexts in which the individual participates. The structural properties of personal networks may partly explain individual differences in the position of each student in the entire social network. In turn, the properties of the entire social network partly determine the structure of opportunities in which individual trajectories are displayed.

The longitudinal character and the combination of the personal networks of individuals with a common complete social network, make this database have unique characteristics. It may be of interest both for multi-level analysis and for the study of individual differences.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The fieldwork for this study was supported by the Complementary Actions of the Ministry of Education and Science (SEJ2005-25683), and was part of the project “Dynamics of actors and networks across levels: individuals, groups, organizations and social settings” (2006 -2009) of the European Science Foundation (ESF). The data was presented for the first time on June 30, 2009, at the European Research Collaborative Project Meeting on Dynamic Analysis of Networks and Behaviors, held at the Nuffield College of the University of Oxford.

REFERENCES

Brandes, U., & Wagner, D. (2004). Visone - Analysis and Visualization of Social Networks. In M. Jünger, & P. Mutzel (Eds.), Graph Drawing Software (pp. 321-340). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Maya-Jariego, I. (2018). Why name generators with a fixed number of alters may be a pragmatic option for personal network analysis. American Journal of

The dataset complements a study that examines the effectiveness of social media-based sex education interventions using feminist methods in China. It includes qualitative transcripts of interviews with 10 sex educators and 18 young people, as well as an interview guide outlining the topics of the study. In addition, quantitative data from a randomized controlled trial were provided, which included responses from 422 participants aged 18-29 years collected through a questionnaire. This dataset supports the use of feminist approaches to explore perceptions of social media-based sex education and to assess the impact of interventions on Chinese adolescents' attitudes towards sexual violence and gender norms.

In order to develop appropriate tools (e.g. a mobile app) we explored through a participant survey the issues such as the kinds of media coverage that engage and inform voters, whether and how this varies by subgroups such as generation, and the aspects of campaigns that contribute to more positive views of the political process. As part of ExpoNet's objectives to understand news and information exposure in the contemporary environment, we worked to to enhancing the quality of representative democracy through giving better access to citizens to quality information and the tools necessary to evaluate the news they consumed. By providing information about the nature and quality of traditional and new media election coverage over time and its impact on individuals, our research will offer pointers towards how to mobilize informed engagement with campaigns and in elections. The advent of Web 2.0 - the second generation of the World Wide Web, that allows users to interact, collaborate, create and share information online, in virtual communities - has radically changed the media environment, the types of content the public is exposed to as well as the exposure process itself. Individuals are faced with a wider range of options (from social and traditional media), new patterns of exposure (socially mediated and selective), and alternate modes of content production (e.g. user-generated content). In order to understand change (and stability) in opinions and behaviour, it is necessary to measure to what information a person has been exposed. The measures social scientists have traditionally used to capture information exposure usually rely on self-reports of newspaper reading and television news broadcast viewing. These measures do not take into account that individuals browse and share diverse information from social and traditional media on a wide range of platforms. According to the OECD's Global Science Forum 2013 report, social scientists' inability to anticipate the Arab Spring was partly due to a failure to understand 'the new ways in which humans communicate' via social media and the ways they are exposed to information. And social media's mixed record for predicting the results of recent UK elections suggests better tools and a unified methodology are needed to analyze and extract political meaning from this new type of data. We argue that a new set of tools, which models exposure as a network and incorporates both social and traditional media sources, is needed in the social sciences to understand media exposure and its effects in the age of digital information. Whether one is consuming the news online or producing/consuming information on social media, the fundamental dynamic of consuming public affairs news involves formation of ties between users and media content by a variety of means (e.g. browsing, social sharing, search). Online media exposure is then a process of network formation that links sources and consumers of content via their interactions, requiring a network perspective for its proper understanding. We propose a set of scalable network-oriented tools to 1) extract, analyse, and measure media content in the age of "big media data", 2) model the linkages between consumers and producers of media content in complex information networks, and 3) understand co-development of network structures with consumer attitudes/behaviours. In order to develop and validate these tools, we bring together an interdisciplinary and international team of researchers at the interface of social science and computer science. Expertise in network analysis, text mining, statistical methods and media analysis will be combined to test innovative methodologies in three case studies including information dynamics in the 2015 British election and opinion formation on climate change. Developing a set of sophisticated network and text analysis tools is not enough, however. We also seek to build national capacity in computational methods for the analysis of online 'big' data. The survey responses were collected from an online panel run by Dynata. There are 1802 respondents across a range of responses to attitudes and practices of using social media. Demographic variables have also been included. Like other companies where online samples can be purchased, Dynata uses invitations of all types including e-mail invitations, phone alerts, banners and messaging on panel community sites to include people with a diversity of motivations to take part in research. Respondents are paid for completing surveys. In terms of quality control, Dynata checks for duplicate participants by evaluating variables such as email address, matches across several demographic data, and device-related data through use of digital fingerprint technology. Participants are then directed to our survey, programmed in Qualtrics, that is hosted on a server at the University of Exeter in order to comply with data protection and privacy guidelines.

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History

• 03Mar2025- when determining last content shared, I am now using the latest version of Model, Dataset, and Notebook, rather than the creation date of the very first version. I also added the reaction counts which was a new csv added in the MetaKaggle dataset. The discussion can be found here . I also added versions created for Model, Notebook, and Dataset to properly track users that are updating their datasets.
• 04Feb2025- Fixed the issue on ModelUpvotesGiven and ModelUpvotesReceived values being identical

Context

User aggregated stats and data using the Official Meta Kaggle dataset

Note

Expect some discrepancies between the counts seen in your profile, because, aside from there is a lag of one to two days before a new dataset is published, some information such as Kaggle staffs' upvotes and private competitions are not included. But for almost all members, the figures should reconcile

Notebook updater

📊 (Scheduled) Meta Kaggle Users' Stats

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