Cristiano Ronaldo has one of the most popular Instagram accounts as of April 2024.

              The Portuguese footballer is the most-followed person on the photo sharing app platform with 628 million followers. Instagram's own account was ranked first with roughly 672 million followers.

              How popular is Instagram?

              Instagram is a photo-sharing social networking service that enables users to take pictures and edit them with filters. The platform allows users to post and share their images online and directly with their friends and followers on the social network. The cross-platform app reached one billion monthly active users in mid-2018. In 2020, there were over 114 million Instagram users in the United States and experts project this figure to surpass 127 million users in 2023.

              Who uses Instagram?

              Instagram audiences are predominantly young – recent data states that almost 60 percent of U.S. Instagram users are aged 34 years or younger. Fall 2020 data reveals that Instagram is also one of the most popular social media for teens and one of the social networks with the biggest reach among teens in the United States.

              Celebrity influencers on Instagram
              Many celebrities and athletes are brand spokespeople and generate additional income with social media advertising and sponsored content. Unsurprisingly, Ronaldo ranked first again, as the average media value of one of his Instagram posts was 985,441 U.S. dollars.

Which county has the most Facebook users?

              There are more than 378 million Facebook users in India alone, making it the leading country in terms of Facebook audience size. To put this into context, if India’s Facebook audience were a country then it would be ranked third in terms of largest population worldwide. Apart from India, there are several other markets with more than 100 million Facebook users each: The United States, Indonesia, and Brazil with 193.8 million, 119.05 million, and 112.55 million Facebook users respectively.

              Facebook – the most used social media

              Meta, the company that was previously called Facebook, owns four of the most popular social media platforms worldwide, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Facebook, and Instagram. As of the third quarter of 2021, there were around 3,5 billion cumulative monthly users of the company’s products worldwide. With around 2.9 billion monthly active users, Facebook is the most popular social media worldwide. With an audience of this scale, it is no surprise that the vast majority of Facebook’s revenue is generated through advertising.

              Facebook usage by device
              As of July 2021, it was found that 98.5 percent of active users accessed their Facebook account from mobile devices. In fact, almost 81.8 percent of Facebook audiences worldwide access the platform only via mobile phone. Facebook is not only available through mobile browser as the company has published several mobile apps for users to access their products and services. As of the third quarter 2021, the four core Meta products were leading the ranking of most downloaded mobile apps worldwide, with WhatsApp amassing approximately six billion downloads.

Gain valuable insights with our comprehensive Social Media Dataset, designed to help businesses, marketers, and analysts track trends, monitor engagement, and optimize strategies. This dataset provides structured and reliable social media data from multiple platforms.

Dataset Features

User Profiles: Access public social media profiles, including usernames, bios, follower counts, engagement metrics, and more. Ideal for audience analysis, influencer marketing, and competitive research. Posts & Content: Extract posts, captions, hashtags, media (images/videos), timestamps, and engagement metrics such as likes, shares, and comments. Useful for trend analysis, sentiment tracking, and content strategy optimization. Comments & Interactions: Analyze user interactions, including replies, mentions, and discussions. This data helps brands understand audience sentiment and engagement patterns. Hashtag & Trend Tracking: Monitor trending hashtags, topics, and viral content across platforms to stay ahead of industry trends and consumer interests.

Customizable Subsets for Specific Needs Our Social Media Dataset is fully customizable, allowing you to filter data based on platform, region, keywords, engagement levels, or specific user profiles. Whether you need a broad dataset for market research or a focused subset for brand monitoring, we tailor the dataset to your needs.

Popular Use Cases

Brand Monitoring & Reputation Management: Track brand mentions, customer feedback, and sentiment analysis to manage online reputation effectively. Influencer Marketing & Audience Analysis: Identify key influencers, analyze engagement metrics, and optimize influencer partnerships. Competitive Intelligence: Monitor competitor activity, content performance, and audience engagement to refine marketing strategies. Market Research & Consumer Insights: Analyze social media trends, customer preferences, and emerging topics to inform business decisions. AI & Predictive Analytics: Leverage structured social media data for AI-driven trend forecasting, sentiment analysis, and automated content recommendations.

Whether you're tracking brand sentiment, analyzing audience engagement, or monitoring industry trends, our Social Media Dataset provides the structured data you need. Get started today and customize your dataset to fit your business objectives.

Social media platforms are integral to people's lives, offering ways to communicate, create and view content and share information. According to Ofcom, approximately 89% of UK internet users in 2023 used social media apps or sites. Teenagers and young adults are the biggest users, although there is rapid uptake among older age groups. Advertising is the primary revenue source for social media platforms, although subscription-based services are gaining momentum as platforms seek to diversify their incomes. TikTok is the success story of the last few years, becoming the most downloaded app between 2020 and 2022, according to Apptopia. The short-form video platform reported that it averaged revenue growth of over 450% between 2019 and 2022. After Musk's takeover, X, formerly known as Twitter, adjusted its content moderation and allowed previously banned accounts to return. As a result, over 600 advertisers have pulled their ads from the site because of fears their brand may be associated with malcontent. In response to falling ad revenue, X has introduced a subscription-based service which enables users to verify themselves and boosts the number of people who view their tweets. Meta-owned Facebook and Instagram have responded by introducing a similar service. Revenue is expected to grow by 14.3% in 2024-25, constrained by a slowdown in user growth for most major social media platforms. Over the five years through 2024-25, revenue is forecast to expand at a compound annual rate of 32.8% to reach £9.8 billion. Looking forward, regulations relating to how data is collected, stored, and shared will force advertisers and platforms to rethink how they can target their desired demographics. The rising prominence of AI will require the introduction of adequate regulations. The Online Safety Bill sets out new guidelines for social media platforms to abide by, with hefty fines in store for those who do not. Operating costs will swell as platforms look to meet consumers’ expectations, weighing on profit. Over the five years through 2029-30, social media platforms' revenue is projected to climb at an estimated 9.4% to reach £15.4 billion.

The Reddit Subreddit Dataset by Dataplex offers a comprehensive and detailed view of Reddit’s vast ecosystem, now enhanced with appended AI-generated columns that provide additional insights and categorization. This dataset includes data from over 2.1 million subreddits, making it an invaluable resource for a wide range of analytical applications, from social media analysis to market research.

Dataset Overview:

This dataset includes detailed information on subreddit activities, user interactions, post frequency, comment data, and more. The inclusion of AI-generated columns adds an extra layer of analysis, offering sentiment analysis, topic categorization, and predictive insights that help users better understand the dynamics of each subreddit.

2.1 Million Subreddits with Enhanced AI Insights: The dataset covers over 2.1 million subreddits and now includes AI-enhanced columns that provide: - Sentiment Analysis: AI-driven sentiment scores for posts and comments, allowing users to gauge community mood and reactions. - Topic Categorization: Automated categorization of subreddit content into relevant topics, making it easier to filter and analyze specific types of discussions. - Predictive Insights: AI models that predict trends, content virality, and user engagement, helping users anticipate future developments within subreddits.

Sourced Directly from Reddit:

All social media data in this dataset is sourced directly from Reddit, ensuring accuracy and authenticity. The dataset is updated regularly, reflecting the latest trends and user interactions on the platform. This ensures that users have access to the most current and relevant data for their analyses.

Key Features:

• Subreddit Metrics: Detailed data on subreddit activity, including the number of posts, comments, votes, and user participation.
• User Engagement: Insights into how users interact with content, including comment threads, upvotes/downvotes, and participation rates.
• Trending Topics: Track emerging trends and viral content across the platform, helping you stay ahead of the curve in understanding social media dynamics.
• AI-Enhanced Analysis: Utilize AI-generated columns for sentiment analysis, topic categorization, and predictive insights, providing a deeper understanding of the data.

Use Cases:

• Social Media Analysis: Researchers and analysts can use this dataset to study online behavior, track the spread of information, and understand how content resonates with different audiences.
• Market Research: Marketers can leverage the dataset to identify target audiences, understand consumer preferences, and tailor campaigns to specific communities.
• Content Strategy: Content creators and strategists can use insights from the dataset to craft content that aligns with trending topics and user interests, maximizing engagement.
• Academic Research: Academics can explore the dynamics of online communities, studying everything from the spread of misinformation to the formation of online subcultures.

Data Quality and Reliability:

The Reddit Subreddit Dataset emphasizes data quality and reliability. Each record is carefully compiled from Reddit’s vast database, ensuring that the information is both accurate and up-to-date. The AI-generated columns further enhance the dataset's value, providing automated insights that help users quickly identify key trends and sentiments.

Integration and Usability:

The dataset is provided in a format that is compatible with most data analysis tools and platforms, making it easy to integrate into existing workflows. Users can quickly import, analyze, and utilize the data for various applications, from market research to academic studies.

User-Friendly Structure and Metadata:

The data is organized for easy navigation and analysis, with metadata files included to help users identify relevant subreddits and data points. The AI-enhanced columns are clearly labeled and structured, allowing users to efficiently incorporate these insights into their analyses.

Ideal For:

• Data Analysts: Conduct in-depth analyses of subreddit trends, user engagement, and content virality. The dataset’s extensive coverage and AI-enhanced insights make it an invaluable tool for data-driven research.
• Marketers: Use the dataset to better understand your target audience, tailor campaigns to specific interests, and track the effectiveness of marketing efforts across Reddit.
• Researchers: Explore the social dynamics of online communities, analyze the spread of ideas and information, and study the impact of digital media on public discourse, all while leveraging AI-generated insights.

This dataset is an essential resource for anyone looking to understand the intricacies of Reddit's vast ecosystem, offering the data and AI-enhanced insights needed to drive informed decisions and strategies across various fields. Whether you’re tracking emerging trends, analyzing user behavior, or conduc...

The number of Twitter users in the United States was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2028 by in total 4.3 million users (+5.32 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the Twitter user base is estimated to reach 85.08 million users and therefore a new peak in 2028. Notably, the number of Twitter users of was continuously increasing over the past years.User figures, shown here regarding the platform twitter, have been estimated by taking into account company filings or press material, secondary research, app downloads and traffic data. They refer to the average monthly active users over the period.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of Twitter users in countries like Canada and Mexico.

The goal of this study is to measure willingness to participate in passive mobile data collection among German smartphone owners. The data come from a two-wave web survey among German smartphone users 18 years and older who were recruited from a German nonprobability online panel. In December 2016, 2,623 participants completed the Wave 1 questionnaire on smartphone use and skills, privacy and security concerns, and general attitudes towards survey research and research institutions. In January 2017, all respondents from Wave 1 were invited to participate in a second web survey which included vignettes that varied the levels of several dimensions of a hypothetical study using passive mobile data collection, and respondents were asked to rate their willingness to participate in such a study. A total of 1,957 respondents completed the Wave 2 questionnaire.

Wave 1

Topics: Ownership of smartphone, mobile phone, PC, tablet, and/or e-book reader; type of smartphone; frequency of smartphone use; smartphone activities (browsing, e-mails, taking photos, view/ post social media content, shopping, online banking, installing apps, using GPS-enabled apps, connecting via Bluethooth, play games, stream music/ videos); self-assessment of smartphone skills; attitude towards surveys and participaton at research studies (personal interest, waste of time, sales pitch, interesting experience, useful); trust in institutions regarding data privacy (market research companies, university researchers, statistical office, mobile service provider, app companies, credit card companies, online retailer, and social networks); concerns regarding the disclosure of personal data by the aforementioned institutions; general privacy concern; privacy violated by banks/ credit card companies, tax authorities, government agencies, market research companies, social networks, apps, internet browsers); concern regarding data security with smartphone activities for research (online survey, survey apps, research apps, SMS survey, camera, activity data, GPS location, Bluetooth); number of online surveys in which the respondent has participated in the last 30 days; Panel memberships other than that of mingle; previous participation in a study with downloading a research app to the smartphone (passive mobile data collection).

Wave 2

Topics: Willingness to participate in passive mobile data collection (using eight vignettes with different scenarios that varied the levels of several dimensions of a hypothetical study using passive mobile data collection. The research app collects the following data for research purposes: technical characteristics of the smartphone (e.g. phone brand, screen size), the currently used telephone network (e.g. signal strength), the current location (every 5 minutes), which apps are used and which websites are visited, number of incoming and outgoing calls and SMS messages on the smartphone); reason why the respondent wouldn´t (respectively would) participate in the research study used in the first scenario (open answer); recognition of differences between the eight scenarios; kind of recognized difference (open answer); remembered data the research app collects (recall); previous invitation for research app download; research app download.

Demography: sex; age; federal state; highest level of school education; highest level of vocational qualification.

Additionally coded was: running number; respondent ID; duration (response time in seconds); device type used to fill out the questionnaire; vignette text; vignette intro time; vignette time.

Data extracted from social media platforms are both large in scale and complex in nature, since they contain both unstructured text, as well as structured data, such as time stamps and interactions between users. A key question for such platforms is to determine influential users, in the sense that they generate interactions between members of the platform. Common measures used both in the academic literature and by companies that provide analytics services are variants of the popular web-search PageRank algorithm applied to networks that capture connections between users. In this work, we develop a modeling framework using multivariate interacting counting processes to capture the detailed actions that users undertake on such platforms, namely posting original content, reposting and/or mentioning other users’ postings. Based on the proposed model, we also derive a novel influence measure. We discuss estimation of the model parameters through maximum likelihood and establish their asymptotic properties. The proposed model and the accompanying influence measure are illustrated on a dataset covering a five-year period of the Twitter actions of the members of the U.S. Senate, as well as mainstream news organizations and media personalities. Supplementary material is available online including computer code, data, and derivation details.

As of April 2024, Bahrain was the country with the highest Instagram audience reach with 95.6 percent. Kazakhstan also had a high Instagram audience penetration rate, with 90.8 percent of the population using the social network. In the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and Brunei, the photo-sharing platform was used by more than 85 percent of each country's population.

High Frequency Indicator: The dataset contains year- and month-wise compiled data from the year 2021 to till date on the number of different types of grievances (complaints) received from the users by Twitter and the action taken by it. The data compiled is based on the monthly transparency reports published by Twitter in accordance with Rule 4(1)(d) of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (IT Rules, 2021).

The types of grievances received by Twitter include illegal activities, IP-related infringements and other issues such as Abuse,Harassment, Child Sexual Exploitation, Defamation, Hateful Conduct, Impersonation, Misinformation, etc. The action taken by Twitter on the basis of these reports includes the number of URLs actioned

Web Camera People Behavior Dataset for computer vision tasks

Dataset includes 2,300+ individuals, contributing to a total of 53,800+ videos and 9,300+ images captured via webcams. It is designed to study social interactions and behaviors in various remote meetings, including video calls, video conferencing, and online meetings.

By leveraging this dataset, developers and researchers can enhance their understanding of human behavior in digital communication settings, contributing to advancements in technology and software designed for remote collaboration. - Get the data

Metadata for the dataset

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F22059654%2F5d15deaf6757f20132a06e256ce14618%2FFrame%201%20(9).png?generation=1743156643952762&alt=media" alt="">

Dataset boasts an impressive >97% accuracy in action recognition (including actions such as sitting, typing, and gesturing) and ≥97% precision in action labeling, making it a highly reliable resource for studying human behavior in webcam settings.

💵 Buy the Dataset: This is a limited preview of the data. To access the full dataset, please contact us at https://unidata.pro to discuss your requirements and pricing options.

Researchers can utilize this dataset to explore the impacts of web cameras on social and professional interactions, as well as to study the security features and audio quality associated with video streams. The dataset is particularly valuable for examining the nuances of remote working and the challenges faced during video conferences, including issues related to video quality and camera usage.

🌐 UniData provides high-quality datasets, content moderation, data collection and annotation for your AI/ML projects

This data is from monitoring conversations about online prostitution carried out by Twitter social media users in Indonesia over a certain period. The research results illustrate that online prostitution is dangerous for people participating in these activities. This dataset includes several data: the number of Twitter social media users who talk about online prostitution, the extent of online prostitution in Indonesia, Twitter user engagement, top tweets, top influencers, sentiment, and communication networks between Twitter users. Downloading data on Twitter regarding online prostitution conversations in Indonesia was carried out using NodeXL Software from 14/08/2023 to 21/08/2023 at 00.00.00 WIB with the keywords #availjakarta #availsurabaya #availmedan #availmakasar #availbandung #availjogja. The data collected is filtered and processed in tables, graphs, diagrams, and communication networks between Twitetr social media users. This data set is helpful for policymakers dealing with online prostitution via social media in Indonesia.

The dataset in this research includes data collected from student online communities on VKontakte, spanning from September 2021 to July 2022. This data encompasses posts and comments from 297 groups where students from 208 Russian universities engaged. Initially, 10,099 unique comments were collected. After filtering out bots and fake profiles, the dataset was refined to 1,595 relevant comments.Each comment in the dataset is accompanied by metadata, including the number of likes, shares, views, user IDs, hometown, and current residence of the users. The user verification process involved analyzing publication activity, reactions to content (likes and shares), time spent on the social network, and validating location data through the analysis of internet groups and regional community subscriptions.The comments were classified into six key themes using text classification tools. Since some comments pertained to multiple themes, a separate row was added for each combination, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the topics. Thus, the final number of rows included in the dataset is 2,351.In addition to thematic classification, the dataset includes information on the migration status of students. If a student's city of origin matched the city of their university, the comment was identified as from a local student (374 comments, 23%). Conversely, if the city of origin differed, the comment was from a visiting student (1,221 comments, 77%).The data is presented in Russian. Please note that the texts have not been censored, posts and comments may contain inappropriate language.

Dataset Info:

MyDigitalFootprint (MDF) is a novel large-scale dataset composed of smartphone embedded sensors data, physical proximity information, and Online Social Networks interactions aimed at supporting multimodal context-recognition and social relationships modelling in mobile environments. The dataset includes two months of measurements and information collected from the personal mobile devices of 31 volunteer users by following the in-the-wild data collection approach: the data has been collected in the users' natural environment, without limiting their usual behaviour. Existing public datasets generally consist of a limited set of context data, aimed at optimising specific application domains (human activity recognition is the most common example). On the contrary, the dataset contains a comprehensive set of information describing the user context in the mobile environment.

The complete analysis of the data contained in MDF has been presented in the following publication:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1574119220301383?via%3Dihub

The full anonymised dataset is contained in the folder MDF. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the efficacy of MDF, there are three proof of concept context-aware applications based on different machine learning tasks:

1. A social link prediction algorithm based on physical proximity data,
2. The recognition of daily-life activities based on smartphone-embedded sensors data,
3. A pervasive context-aware recommender system.

For the sake of reproducibility, the data used to evaluate the proof-of-concept applications are contained in the folders link-prediction, context-recognition, and cars, respectively.

Purpose For the purpose of informing tobacco intervention programs, this dataset was created and used to explore how online social networks of smokers differed from those of nonsmokers. The study was a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a randomized control trial conducted within Facebook. (See "Other References" in "Metadata" for parent study information.) Basic description of 4 anonymized data files of study participants. fbr_friends: Anonymized Facebook friends networks, basic ego demographics, basic ego social media activity fbr_family: Anonymized Facebook family networks, basic ego demographics, basic ego social media activity fbr_photos: Anonymized Facebook photo networks, basic ego demographics, basic ego social media activity fbr_groups: Anonymized Facebook group networks, basic ego demographics, basic ego social media activity Each network comprises the ego, the ego's first degree connections, and the (second degree) connections between the ego's friends. Missing data and users who did not have friend, family, photo, or group networks were cleaned from the data beforehand. Each data file contains the following columns of data, taken with participant knowledge and consent participant_id: Nonidentifying ids assigned to different study participants. is_smoker: Binary value (0,1) that takes on the value 1 if participant was a smoker and 0 otherwise. gender: One of three categories: male, female, or blank, which signified Other (different from missing data). country: One of four categories: Canada (ca), US (us), Mexico (mx), or Other (xx). likes_count: Numeric data indicating number of Facebook likes the participant had made up to the date the data was collected. wall_count: Numeric data indicating number of Facebook wall posts the participant had made up to the date the data was collected. t_count_page_views: Numeric data indicating number of pages participant had visited in the UbiQUITous app up to the date the data was collected. yearsOld: Numeric data indicating age in years of the participant; right censored at 90 years for data anonymity. vertices: Number of people in the participant's network. edges: Number of connections between people in the network. density: The portion of potential connections in a network that are actual connections; a network-level metric; calculated after removing ego and isolates. mean_betweenness_centrality: An average of the relative importance of all individuals within their own network; a network-level metric; calculated after removing ego and isolates. transitivity: The extent to which the relationship between two nodes in a network that are connected by an edge is transitive (calculated as the number of triads divided by all possible connections); a network-level metric; calculated after removing ego and isolates. mean_closeness: Average of how closely associated members are to one another; a network-level metric; calculated after removing ego and isolates. isolates2: Number of individuals with no connections other than to the ego; a network-level metric. diameter3: Maximum degree of separation between any two individuals in the network; a network-level metric; calculated after removing ego and isolates. clusters3: Number of subnetworks; a network-level metric; calculated after removing ego and isolates. communities3: Number of groups, sorted to increase dense connections within the group and decrease sparse connections outside it (i.e., to maximize modularity); a network-level metric; calculated after removing ego and isolates. modularity3: The strength of division of a network into communities (calculated as the fraction of ties between community members in excess of the expected number of ties within communities if ties were random); a network-level metric. Detailed information on network metrics in the associated manuscript: "An exploration of the Facebook social networks of smokers and non-smokers" by Fu, L, Jacobs MA, Brookover J, Valente TW, Cobb NK, and Graham AL.

SMDRM - Social Media for Disaster Risk Management

Social media has been described as a form of distributed cognition, a mechanism for understanding a situation using information spread across many minds. The interactions among people in social media are a form of collective intelligence, as they allow people to make sense of a developing event collectively. Social media users can contribute to creating a "sensor" for citizen-generated data that modelling or monitoring systems can assimilate during a crisis. Gaining situational awareness in a disaster is critical and time-sensitive. Social media presents the possibilities of a growing data source to help improve response in the early hours and days of a crisis. However, social media platforms may not provide the functionality of summarising the information that is useful for crisis responders.SMDRM is a software platform that streamlines the processing of text and images extracted from Twitter in near real-time during a specific event. The data is collected using a combination of keywords and locations based on daily forecasts from the early warnings systems of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service such as EFAS, GloFAS and EFFIS (emergency.copernicus.eu) or triggered manually in case of earthquakes or not-forecasted events. Text is automatically "annotated" using a binary multilingual classifier trained on 12 languages and extended with multilingual embeddings. Simultaneously, a multi-class convolutional neural network labels relevant images for floods, storms, earthquakes and fires. The information that doesn't embed coordinates is geolocated in a two-step algorithm where location candidates are first selected using a multilingual named-entity recognition tool and then searched on available gazetteers. The last step of the SMDRM data processing is the aggregation of relevant information in spatial (administrative areas) and temporal (daily) units. Social media activity about an event can finally be distributed as a data map and visualised on a map server and made available to users.SMDRM could offer timely information useful for reducing the hazard models' uncertainty and providing added-value information such as reports or descriptions of the situation on the ground or in the vicinity. Other stakeholders, such as research groups could access new data to complement the ones extracted from traditional sensors or earth observation. The platform can adapt to cope with the varying workload as it uses scalable software containers. If the number of tweets is higher during an impactful event, the platform can use more containers to annotate them. SMDR code, together with the tens of thousands of annotated social media messages used for training its models, will be released as an open-source platform whose modules can be adapted to serve other research projects. We describe the platform's architecture and implementation details, and two use cases where images and text were used as a use-case to test the system's modules.

Source https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021EGUGA..2315012L/abstract

ABSTRACT

The Albero study analyzes the personal transitions of a cohort of high school students at the end of their studies. The data consist of (a) the longitudinal social network of the students, before (n = 69) and after (n = 57) finishing their studies; and (b) the longitudinal study of the personal networks of each of the participants in the research. The two observations of the complete social network are presented in two matrices in Excel format. For each respondent, two square matrices of 45 alters of their personal networks are provided, also in Excel format. For each respondent, both psychological sense of community and frequency of commuting is provided in a SAV file (SPSS). The database allows the combined analysis of social networks and personal networks of the same set of individuals.

INTRODUCTION

Ecological transitions are key moments in the life of an individual that occur as a result of a change of role or context. This is the case, for example, of the completion of high school studies, when young people start their university studies or try to enter the labor market. These transitions are turning points that carry a risk or an opportunity (Seidman & French, 2004). That is why they have received special attention in research and psychological practice, both from a developmental point of view and in the situational analysis of stress or in the implementation of preventive strategies.

The data we present in this article describe the ecological transition of a group of young people from Alcala de Guadaira, a town located about 16 kilometers from Seville. Specifically, in the “Albero” study we monitored the transition of a cohort of secondary school students at the end of the last pre-university academic year. It is a turning point in which most of them began a metropolitan lifestyle, with more displacements to the capital and a slight decrease in identification with the place of residence (Maya-Jariego, Holgado & Lubbers, 2018).

Normative transitions, such as the completion of studies, affect a group of individuals simultaneously, so they can be analyzed both individually and collectively. From an individual point of view, each student stops attending the institute, which is replaced by new interaction contexts. Consequently, the structure and composition of their personal networks are transformed. From a collective point of view, the network of friendships of the cohort of high school students enters into a gradual process of disintegration and fragmentation into subgroups (Maya-Jariego, Lubbers & Molina, 2019).

These two levels, individual and collective, were evaluated in the “Albero” study. One of the peculiarities of this database is that we combine the analysis of a complete social network with a survey of personal networks in the same set of individuals, with a longitudinal design before and after finishing high school. This allows combining the study of the multiple contexts in which each individual participates, assessed through the analysis of a sample of personal networks (Maya-Jariego, 2018), with the in-depth analysis of a specific context (the relationships between a promotion of students in the institute), through the analysis of the complete network of interactions. This potentially allows us to examine the covariation of the social network with the individual differences in the structure of personal networks.

PARTICIPANTS

The social network and personal networks of the students of the last two years of high school of an institute of Alcala de Guadaira (Seville) were analyzed. The longitudinal follow-up covered approximately a year and a half. The first wave was composed of 31 men (44.9%) and 38 women (55.1%) who live in Alcala de Guadaira, and who mostly expect to live in Alcala (36.2%) or in Seville (37.7%) in the future. In the second wave, information was obtained from 27 men (47.4%) and 30 women (52.6%).

DATE STRUCTURE AND ARCHIVES FORMAT

The data is organized in two longitudinal observations, with information on the complete social network of the cohort of students of the last year, the personal networks of each individual and complementary information on the sense of community and frequency of metropolitan movements, among other variables.

Social network

The file “Red_Social_t1.xlsx” is a valued matrix of 69 actors that gathers the relations of knowledge and friendship between the cohort of students of the last year of high school in the first observation. The file “Red_Social_t2.xlsx” is a valued matrix of 57 actors obtained 17 months after the first observation.

The data is organized in two longitudinal observations, with information on the complete social network of the cohort of students of the last year, the personal networks of each individual and complementary information on the sense of community and frequency of metropolitan movements, among other variables.

In order to generate each complete social network, the list of 77 students enrolled in the last year of high school was passed to the respondents, asking that in each case they indicate the type of relationship, according to the following values: 1, “his/her name sounds familiar"; 2, "I know him/her"; 3, "we talk from time to time"; 4, "we have good relationship"; and 5, "we are friends." The two resulting complete networks are represented in Figure 2. In the second observation, it is a comparatively less dense network, reflecting the gradual disintegration process that the student group has initiated.

Personal networks

Also in this case the information is organized in two observations. The compressed file “Redes_Personales_t1.csv” includes 69 folders, corresponding to personal networks. Each folder includes a valued matrix of 45 alters in CSV format. Likewise, in each case a graphic representation of the network obtained with Visone (Brandes and Wagner, 2004) is included. Relationship values range from 0 (do not know each other) to 2 (know each other very well).

Second, the compressed file “Redes_Personales_t2.csv” includes 57 folders, with the information equivalent to each respondent referred to the second observation, that is, 17 months after the first interview. The structure of the data is the same as in the first observation.

Sense of community and metropolitan displacements

The SPSS file “Albero.sav” collects the survey data, together with some information-summary of the network data related to each respondent. The 69 rows correspond to the 69 individuals interviewed, and the 118 columns to the variables related to each of them in T1 and T2, according to the following list:

 • Socio-economic data.


 • Data on habitual residence.


 • Information on intercity journeys.


 • Identity and sense of community.


 • Personal network indicators.


 • Social network indicators.

DATA ACCESS

Social networks and personal networks are available in CSV format. This allows its use directly with UCINET, Visone, Pajek or Gephi, among others, and they can be exported as Excel or text format files, to be used with other programs.

The visual representation of the personal networks of the respondents in both waves is available in the following album of the Graphic Gallery of Personal Networks on Flickr: .

In previous work we analyzed the effects of personal networks on the longitudinal evolution of the socio-centric network. It also includes additional details about the instruments applied. In case of using the data, please quote the following reference:

Maya-Jariego, I., Holgado, D. & Lubbers, M. J. (2018). Efectos de la estructura de las redes personales en la red sociocéntrica de una cohorte de estudiantes en transición de la enseñanza secundaria a la universidad. Universitas Psychologica, 17(1), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-1.eerp

The English version of this article can be downloaded from: https://tinyurl.com/yy9s2byl

CONCLUSION

The database of the “Albero” study allows us to explore the co-evolution of social networks and personal networks. In this way, we can examine the mutual dependence of individual trajectories and the structure of the relationships of the cohort of students as a whole. The complete social network corresponds to the same context of interaction: the secondary school. However, personal networks collect information from the different contexts in which the individual participates. The structural properties of personal networks may partly explain individual differences in the position of each student in the entire social network. In turn, the properties of the entire social network partly determine the structure of opportunities in which individual trajectories are displayed.

The longitudinal character and the combination of the personal networks of individuals with a common complete social network, make this database have unique characteristics. It may be of interest both for multi-level analysis and for the study of individual differences.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The fieldwork for this study was supported by the Complementary Actions of the Ministry of Education and Science (SEJ2005-25683), and was part of the project “Dynamics of actors and networks across levels: individuals, groups, organizations and social settings” (2006 -2009) of the European Science Foundation (ESF). The data was presented for the first time on June 30, 2009, at the European Research Collaborative Project Meeting on Dynamic Analysis of Networks and Behaviors, held at the Nuffield College of the University of Oxford.

REFERENCES

Brandes, U., & Wagner, D. (2004). Visone - Analysis and Visualization of Social Networks. In M. Jünger, & P. Mutzel (Eds.), Graph Drawing Software (pp. 321-340). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Maya-Jariego, I. (2018). Why name generators with a fixed number of alters may be a pragmatic option for personal network analysis. American Journal of

As of January 2024, Instagram was slightly more popular with men than women, with men accounting for 50.6 percent of the platform’s global users. Additionally, the social media app was most popular amongst younger audiences, with almost 32 percent of users aged between 18 and 24 years.

              Instagram’s Global Audience

              As of January 2024, Instagram was the fourth most popular social media platform globally, reaching two billion monthly active users (MAU). This number is projected to keep growing with no signs of slowing down, which is not a surprise as the global online social penetration rate across all regions is constantly increasing.
              As of January 2024, the country with the largest Instagram audience was India with 362.9 million users, followed by the United States with 169.7 million users.

              Who is winning over the generations?

              Even though Instagram’s audience is almost twice the size of TikTok’s on a global scale, TikTok has shown itself to be a fierce competitor, particularly amongst younger audiences. TikTok was the most downloaded mobile app globally in 2022, generating 672 million downloads. As of 2022, Generation Z in the United States spent more time on TikTok than on Instagram monthly.

This dataset covers aspects of online politics in 25 democracies: 15 relatively old established European democracies (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom); five non-European veteran democracies (Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand); two early (Portugal, Spain) and three late (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland) third-wave (young) European democracies. The research population includes, in each country, parties that won 4% or more of the votes in two consecutive elections before April 2019 (a total of 141 parties and 145 leaders). The dataset includes external party level information such as performance in the last national elections, governmental status, party age, populism affiliation and leadership selection method. It also includes information related to the party leaders such as their term in leadership office and other formal positions. In addition it includes information about online activity mainly on the consumption (user related activities) of the parties and their leaders in Facebook and Twitter two of the most used social media platforms for political purposes.

Social Media Analytics Market Outlook

The global social media analytics market size was valued at approximately USD 4.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach an estimated USD 16.7 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.2% during the forecast period. The growth of this market is driven by the increasing adoption of social media platforms by businesses and individuals, which has led to an exponential rise in data generation. This vast pool of data has created a fertile ground for businesses to leverage social media analytics to gain insightful understanding of customer behavior, preferences, and trends.

One of the primary growth factors for the social media analytics market is the increasing need for businesses to understand their customers better and make informed decisions. With the explosion of social media usage, companies now have access to a wealth of information that can help them tailor their marketing strategies, enhance customer engagement, and improve brand loyalty. Social media analytics tools enable businesses to track and analyze customer interactions, providing them with valuable insights that can drive business growth and innovation.

Another significant driver is the growing emphasis on competitive benchmarking and market intelligence. In today's highly competitive business environment, companies must constantly monitor and analyze their competitors' activities to stay ahead. Social media analytics tools provide businesses with the ability to track their competitors' social media presence, understand their strategies, and identify market trends. This information can be crucial for businesses to develop effective strategies and maintain a competitive edge in the market.

The rise of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has also played a pivotal role in the growth of the social media analytics market. These technologies have enabled the development of sophisticated analytics tools that can process and analyze vast amounts of data in real-time. AI and ML-powered social media analytics tools can identify patterns, predict trends, and provide actionable insights, helping businesses make data-driven decisions and optimize their marketing efforts.

Social Media Management plays a crucial role in the effective utilization of social media analytics. As businesses increasingly rely on social media platforms to engage with their audience, the need for efficient management of these platforms becomes paramount. Social media management involves the strategic planning, execution, and monitoring of social media campaigns to ensure they align with business objectives. By integrating social media management with analytics, businesses can not only track performance metrics but also adjust their strategies in real-time to maximize engagement and reach. This synergy allows companies to foster stronger relationships with their audience, enhance brand visibility, and ultimately drive business growth.

Regionally, North America is expected to hold the largest share of the social media analytics market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The high adoption rate of social media platforms, advanced technological infrastructure, and the presence of major market players in North America are some of the factors contributing to the region's dominance. Europe is also witnessing significant growth due to the increasing focus on data-driven decision-making and the adoption of advanced analytics tools. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by the rapid digitalization, increasing internet penetration, and the growing popularity of social media platforms in countries such as China and India.

Component Analysis

The social media analytics market is segmented into software and services based on components. The software segment is anticipated to dominate the market during the forecast period, driven by the increasing demand for advanced analytics tools that can provide comprehensive insights into social media interactions. Social media analytics software solutions are designed to collect, process, and analyze data from various social media platforms, enabling businesses to monitor brand performance, track customer sentiment, and identify emerging trends. The continuous advancements in AI and ML technologies are further enhancing the capabilities of these software solutions, making them more e