Data underlying comparisons of UK productivity against that of the remaining G7 countries.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United Kingdom expanded 0.70 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom GDP Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

[The spreadsheet is organised into two parts. The first contains a broad set of annual data covering the UK national accounts and other financial and macroeconomic data stretching back in some cases to the late 17th century. The second and third sections cover the available monthly and quarterly data for the UK to facilitate higher frequency analysis on the macroeconomy and the financial system. The spreadsheet attempts to provide continuous historical time series for most variables up to the present day by making various assumptions about how to link the historical components together. But we also have provided the various chains of raw historical data and retained all our calculations in the spreadsheet so that the method of calculating the continuous times series is clear and users can construct their own composite estimates by using different linking procedures., This dataset contains a broad set of historical data covering the UK national accounts and other financial and macroeconomic data stretching back in some cases to the late 17th century.]

505 Economics is on a mission to make academic economics accessible. We've developed the first monthly sub-national GDP data for EU and UK regions from January 2015 onwards.

Our GDP dataset uses luminosity as a proxy for GDP. The brighter a place, the more economic activity that place tends to have.

We produce the data using high-resolution night time satellite imagery and Artificial Intelligence.

This builds on our academic research at the London School of Economics, and we're producing the dataset in collaboration with the European Space Agency BIC UK.

We have published peer-reviewed academic articles on the usage of luminosity as an accurate proxy for GDP.

Key features:

• Granular: Data is provided at the following geographical units:
  • NUTS3 (e.g. London Boroughs),
  • NUTS2 (e.g. London),
  • NUTS1 (e.g. England), and
  • NUTS0 (e.g. United Kingdom) levels.
• Frequent: Data is provided every month from January 2015. This is more frequent than the annualised official datasets.
• Timely: Data is provided with a one month lag (i.e. the data for January 2021 was published at the end of February 2021). This is substantially quicker than the 18 month lag of official datasets.
• Accurate: Our dataset uses Deep Learning to maximise accuracy (RMSE 1.2%).

The dataset can be used by:

• Governments and policy makers - to monitor the performance of local economies, to measure the localised impact of policies, and to get a real-time indication of economic activity.
• Financial services - to get an indication of national-level GDP before official GDP statistics are released
• Engineering companies - to monitor and evaluate the localised impact of infrastructure projects
• Consultancies - to forecast the localised impact of specific projects, to retrospectively monitor and evaluate the localised impact of existing projects
• Economics firms - to create macro forecasts at the national and sub-national level, to assess the impact of policy interventions.
• Academia / Think Tanks - to conduct novel research at the local level. E.g. our dataset can be used to measure the impact of localised COVID-19 lockdowns.

We have created this dataset for all UK sub-national regions, 28 EU Countries and Switzerland.

The economic landscape of the United Kingdom has been significantly shaped by the intertwined issues of Brexit, COVID-19, and their interconnected impacts. Despite the country’s robust and diverse economy, the disruptions caused by Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic have created uncertainty and upheaval for both businesses and individuals. Recognizing the magnitude of these challenges, academic literature has directed its attention toward conducting immediate research in this crucial area. This study sets out to investigate key economic factors that have influenced various sectors of the UK economy and have broader economic implications within the context of Brexit and COVID-19. The factors under scrutiny include the unemployment rate, GDP index, earnings, and trade. To accomplish this, a range of data analysis tools and techniques were employed, including the Box-Jenkins method, neural network modeling, Google Trend analysis, and Twitter-sentiment analysis. The analysis encompassed different periods: pre-Brexit (2011-2016), Brexit (2016-2020), the COVID-19 period, and post-Brexit (2020-2021). The findings of the analysis offer intriguing insights spanning the past decade. For instance, the unemployment rate displayed a downward trend until 2020 but experienced a spike in 2021, persisting for a six-month period. Meanwhile, total earnings per week exhibited a gradual increase over time, and the GDP index demonstrated an upward trajectory until 2020 but declined during the COVID-19 period. Notably, trade experienced the most significant decline following both Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the impact of these events exhibited variations across the UK’s four regions and twelve industries. Wales and Northern Ireland emerged as the regions most affected by Brexit and COVID-19, with industries such as accommodation, construction, and wholesale trade particularly impacted in terms of earnings and employment levels. Conversely, industries such as finance, science, and health demonstrated an increased contribution to the UK’s total GDP in the post-Brexit period, indicating some positive outcomes. It is worth highlighting that the impact of these economic factors was more pronounced on men than on women. Among all the variables analyzed, trade suffered the most severe consequences in the UK. By early 2021, the macroeconomic situation in the country was characterized by a simple dynamic: economic demand rebounded at a faster pace than supply, leading to shortages, bottlenecks, and inflation. The findings of this research carry significant value for the UK government and businesses, empowering them to adapt and innovate based on forecasts to navigate the challenges posed by Brexit and COVID-19. By doing so, they can promote long-term economic growth and effectively address the disruptions caused by these interrelated issues.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 47265 US dollars in 2024. The GDP per Capita in the United Kingdom is equivalent to 374 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom GDP per capita - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

United Kingdom UK: GDP: PPP data was reported at 2,856,703.440 Intl $ mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,798,058.629 Intl $ mn for 2016. United Kingdom UK: GDP: PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 1,847,822.483 Intl $ mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,856,703.440 Intl $ mn in 2017 and a record low of 969,455.384 Intl $ mn in 1990. United Kingdom UK: GDP: PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Purchasing Power Parity. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. For most economies PPP figures are extrapolated from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) benchmark estimates or imputed using a statistical model based on the 2011 ICP. For 47 high- and upper middle-income economies conversion factors are provided by Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).; ; World Bank, International Comparison Program database.; Gap-filled total;

The United Kingdom recorded a trade deficit of 5699 GBP Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Consumer Confidence in the United Kingdom increased to -18 points in June from -20 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Consumer Confidence - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the best known indicators of economic activity and is widely used to monitor economic performance. GDP statistics for Scotland are produced by the Scottish Government and have been designated as National Statistics. This dataset contains statistics for the output approach to GDP and growth in real terms, and includes results for the whole economy (Total GDP) and industry sectors. GDP can also be broken down using the income and expenditure approaches, which are available as separate datasets. There are two updates to the output by industry statistics each quarter. The First Estimate of GDP growth is published around 80 days after the quarter’s end, and an updated second estimate is published in the Quarterly National Accounts around 120 days after the quarter’s end. The First Estimate of GDP statistics will be published on this website as open data; the Second Estimate will not currently be available as open data, but will be available on the Scottish Government website. Results for previous periods are also open to revision each quarter. Further details on Scottish GDP statistics, including methodology notes and the revisions policy, are available. The Industry Sector dimension in this dataset contains the broad industry sectors used on GDP statistics for Scotland the UK. These are based on industry sections from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC, 2007). Further information can be found here The Measure Type dimension in this dataset contains four GDP measures, detailed below. The index measure is rounded to 4 decimal places and the growth rate measures are rounded to 1 decimal place. It is not always possible to replicate the published growth rates using rounded data, but all results are also available unrounded in the downloadable spreadsheets from the latest publication. • 4Q-on-4Q is the percentage change (growth rate) for the latest four quarters compared to the previous four non-overlapping quarters. This rolling annual growth rate gives a smoothed measure of recent trends. This growth rate is calculated from the Index measure. • Index represents the level of output in real, or volume, terms for each industry or total GDP, relative to the base year (2019). An index value of more than 100 means that output is higher than in the base year, and a value of less than 100 means that output is lower than in the base year. • q-on-q is the percentage change (growth rate) for the latest quarter compared to the previous quarter. This quarterly growth rate is usually taken as the headline measure of GDP growth. This growth rate is calculated from the Index measure. • q-on-q year ago is the percentage change (growth rate) for the latest quarter compared to the same quarter in the previous year. This growth rate over the year is usually compared to other statistics such as earnings or price inflation. This growth rate is calculated from the Index measure. The Reference Period dimension relates to standard calendar quarters. Quarter 1 refers to the period from January to March, Quarter 2 refers to April to June, Quarter 3 refers to July to September, and Quarter 4 refers to October to December. The Reference Area dimension for this dataset only contains results for Scotland, with no breakdowns to other areas. In this dataset, all results relate to Scotland’s onshore economy and do not include the output of offshore oil and gas extraction in Scottish Adjacent Waters. Each industry sector is indexed to make them comparable. For each sector, the value during 2019 is taken as the base year, and given the value of 100. All indexed values are chainlinked volume measures, and given relative to the base year.

The census is undertaken by the Office for National Statistics every 10 years and gives us a picture of all the people and households in England and Wales. The most recent census took place in March of 2021.The census asks every household questions about the people who live there and the type of home they live in. In doing so, it helps to build a detailed snapshot of society. Information from the census helps the government and local authorities to plan and fund local services, such as education, doctors' surgeries and roads.Key census statistics for Leicester are published on the open data platform to make information accessible to local services, voluntary and community groups, and residents. There is also a dashboard published showcasing various datasets from the census allowing users to view data for Leicester and compare this with national statistics.Further information about the census and full datasets can be found on the ONS website - https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/aboutcensus/censusproductsEconomic activityThis dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in England and Wales by economic activity status. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.Definition: People aged 16 years and over are economically active if, between 15 March and 21 March 2021, they were:in employment (an employee or self-employed)unemployed, but looking for work and could start within two weeksunemployed, but waiting to start a job that had been offered and acceptedIt is a measure of whether or not a person was an active participant in the labour market during this period. Economically inactive are those aged 16 years and over who did not have a job between 15 March to 21 March 2021 and had not looked for work between 22 February to 21 March 2021 or could not start work within two weeks.The census definition differs from International Labour Organization definition used on the Labour Force Survey, so estimates are not directly comparable.This dataset contains details for Leicester city and England overall.

The United Kingdom is the 9 most competitive nation in the world out of 140 countries ranked in the 2019 edition of the Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Competitiveness Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

United Kingdom UK: Imports: High-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports data was reported at 76.478 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 75.438 % for 2015. United Kingdom UK: Imports: High-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports data is updated yearly, averaging 76.478 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 88.310 % in 1999 and a record low of 69.086 % in 1963. United Kingdom UK: Imports: High-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Imports. Merchandise imports from high-income economies are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from high-income economies according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;

The Open Economics project provides open content, data and code related to Economics. This site itself provides interfaces to some (though not all) of the Open Economics datasets and models.

Current datasets (all available as csv):

• Bank of England Interest Rate
• CIA World Factbook Data (Various Years)
• Copyright Registrations in the United States 1790-2000
• Country and Regional Analyses (CRA) - UK Government Finances
• Daily Wages of Thatchers in the Middle Ages
• Distribution of Estimated Patent Values in Various European Countries
• Gold Prices 1950-2008 (Monthly)
• Government revenue (for 17 Countries in the period 1880-1913)
• Gross value added at basic prices: Output Index: CVM SA
• Hard Drive Capacities and Costs (1955-2000)
• Income Distribution in Hamburg for Occupied Persons in 1890
• Millenium Development Goals Dataset
• Monthly stock price, dividends, and earnings data and the consumer price index from January 1871
• Number of Published Articles in Economics (1970-2006)
• Patents Enrolled in England 1660-1799
• Penn World Table of PPP and National Income Accounts
• Population, Landscape and Climate Estimates
• Recorded Music Sales 1969-2004 Worldwide (in millions)
• UK Government Finances - Public Expenditure Statistical Analyses
• UK House Price Data
• UK Population Estimates 1520 to 1851
• UK Price Index 1850-2002 (Annual)
• US Population Estimates (mid year) 1790 to 2005
• US Wheat Production and Prices
• USA Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1940 to date
• W3Schools Browser Statistics (Monthly)
• Wheat, barley, oat, mutton and wool prices, and agricultural wages, 1500-1849 (10 year averages 1700-49 = 100)
• World Population Historical

We are in the process of merging this data catalog in CKAN (so each dataset will become a package on CKAN).

Openness

All Open Economics datasets are openly licensed though not always possible to gauge status of underlying data used. Individual datasets have more information about their license status.

UK: Imports: Goods: by Reporting Economy data was reported at 636.639 USD bn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 626.223 USD bn for 2015. UK: Imports: Goods: by Reporting Economy data is updated yearly, averaging 189.756 USD bn from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 695.531 USD bn in 2012 and a record low of 12.277 USD bn in 1961. UK: Imports: Goods: by Reporting Economy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Imports. Merchandise imports by the reporting economy are the total merchandise imports by the reporting economy from the rest of the world, as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Sum;

Imports in the United Kingdom decreased to 79693 GBP Million in March from 80426 GBP Million in February of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The United Kingdom recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 95.90 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.