100+ datasets found
  1. d

    Mass Killings in America, 2006 - present

    • data.world
    csv, zip
    Updated Oct 1, 2025
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    The Associated Press (2025). Mass Killings in America, 2006 - present [Dataset]. https://data.world/associatedpress/mass-killings-public
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    zip, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 1, 2025
    Authors
    The Associated Press
    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 2006 - Sep 28, 2025
    Area covered
    Description

    THIS DATASET WAS LAST UPDATED AT 8:11 PM EASTERN ON SEPT. 30

    OVERVIEW

    2019 had the most mass killings since at least the 1970s, according to the Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings Database.

    In all, there were 45 mass killings, defined as when four or more people are killed excluding the perpetrator. Of those, 33 were mass shootings . This summer was especially violent, with three high-profile public mass shootings occurring in the span of just four weeks, leaving 38 killed and 66 injured.

    A total of 229 people died in mass killings in 2019.

    The AP's analysis found that more than 50% of the incidents were family annihilations, which is similar to prior years. Although they are far less common, the 9 public mass shootings during the year were the most deadly type of mass murder, resulting in 73 people's deaths, not including the assailants.

    One-third of the offenders died at the scene of the killing or soon after, half from suicides.

    About this Dataset

    The Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings database tracks all U.S. homicides since 2006 involving four or more people killed (not including the offender) over a short period of time (24 hours) regardless of weapon, location, victim-offender relationship or motive. The database includes information on these and other characteristics concerning the incidents, offenders, and victims.

    The AP/USA TODAY/Northeastern database represents the most complete tracking of mass murders by the above definition currently available. Other efforts, such as the Gun Violence Archive or Everytown for Gun Safety may include events that do not meet our criteria, but a review of these sites and others indicates that this database contains every event that matches the definition, including some not tracked by other organizations.

    This data will be updated periodically and can be used as an ongoing resource to help cover these events.

    Using this Dataset

    To get basic counts of incidents of mass killings and mass shootings by year nationwide, use these queries:

    Mass killings by year

    Mass shootings by year

    To get these counts just for your state:

    Filter killings by state

    Definition of "mass murder"

    Mass murder is defined as the intentional killing of four or more victims by any means within a 24-hour period, excluding the deaths of unborn children and the offender(s). The standard of four or more dead was initially set by the FBI.

    This definition does not exclude cases based on method (e.g., shootings only), type or motivation (e.g., public only), victim-offender relationship (e.g., strangers only), or number of locations (e.g., one). The time frame of 24 hours was chosen to eliminate conflation with spree killers, who kill multiple victims in quick succession in different locations or incidents, and to satisfy the traditional requirement of occurring in a “single incident.”

    Offenders who commit mass murder during a spree (before or after committing additional homicides) are included in the database, and all victims within seven days of the mass murder are included in the victim count. Negligent homicides related to driving under the influence or accidental fires are excluded due to the lack of offender intent. Only incidents occurring within the 50 states and Washington D.C. are considered.

    Methodology

    Project researchers first identified potential incidents using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Homicide incidents in the SHR were flagged as potential mass murder cases if four or more victims were reported on the same record, and the type of death was murder or non-negligent manslaughter.

    Cases were subsequently verified utilizing media accounts, court documents, academic journal articles, books, and local law enforcement records obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. Each data point was corroborated by multiple sources, which were compiled into a single document to assess the quality of information.

    In case(s) of contradiction among sources, official law enforcement or court records were used, when available, followed by the most recent media or academic source.

    Case information was subsequently compared with every other known mass murder database to ensure reliability and validity. Incidents listed in the SHR that could not be independently verified were excluded from the database.

    Project researchers also conducted extensive searches for incidents not reported in the SHR during the time period, utilizing internet search engines, Lexis-Nexis, and Newspapers.com. Search terms include: [number] dead, [number] killed, [number] slain, [number] murdered, [number] homicide, mass murder, mass shooting, massacre, rampage, family killing, familicide, and arson murder. Offender, victim, and location names were also directly searched when available.

    This project started at USA TODAY in 2012.

    Contacts

    Contact AP Data Editor Justin Myers with questions, suggestions or comments about this dataset at jmyers@ap.org. The Northeastern University researcher working with AP and USA TODAY is Professor James Alan Fox, who can be reached at j.fox@northeastern.edu or 617-416-4400.

  2. g

    Wikipedia, US Olympic Gold Medals Per State, USA,

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Jun 2, 2008
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    data (2008). Wikipedia, US Olympic Gold Medals Per State, USA, [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 2, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This Dataset Tally's up the number of Olympic Gold medal winners per state. if an athlete has earned multiple medals, they only count as one. Its just the way it works out. anyways, this was pulled from Wikipedia.org, and is incomplete, these aren't total counts, these are just counts that i could find data for. If you'd like to try to do better, feel free. Source URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Olympic_gold_medalists_for_the_United_States

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    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR), Hazardous Waste...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 13, 2008
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    data (2008). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR), Hazardous Waste Sites, USA and Territories, 5.08 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 13, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR)
    data
    Description

    This dataset displays all the hazardous waste sites in the United States and it's Territories as of 5.08. The data comes from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR). The dataset contains information about the site: Site ID Site Name CERCLIS # Address City State County Latitude Longitude Population Region # Congressional Districts Federal Facility National Priorities List Status Ownership Status Classification For more information go to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR)website at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov

  4. g

    U.S. Department of Justice, Crime, USA by State, 2006

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 5, 2008
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    Emily Sciarillo (2008). U.S. Department of Justice, Crime, USA by State, 2006 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 5, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation; Criminal Justice Information Services Division
    data
    Authors
    Emily Sciarillo
    Description

    This dataset was retrieved from the U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Criminal Justice Information Services Division website on February 29, 2008. "This table provides the estimated number of offenses and the actual number of offenses reported in the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA), cities outside metropolitan areas, and nonmetropolitan counties, and the rate (per 100,000 inhabitants) for each grouping, and the estimated population for each state" however to simplify the dataset, I only included the state total and the rate for each state. Data for Puerto Rico was not included. "The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program". Please see the Data Declaration for further information on the data set. Values of -1 represent no value.

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    City-Data, Largest and Smallest Difference Between High and Low...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 27, 2008
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    data (2008). City-Data, Largest and Smallest Difference Between High and Low Temperatures, USA, [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 27, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    City-Data
    data
    Description

    This dataset illustrates the largest difference between high and low temperatures and the smallest difference between high and low temperatures in cities with 50,000 people or more. A value of -1 means that the data was not applicable. Also included are the rankings, the inverse ranking to be used for mapping purposes, the popualtion, the name of city and state, and the temperature degree difference. Source City-Data URL http//www.city-data.com/top2/c489.html http//www.city-data.com/top2/c490.html Date Accessed November 13,2007

  6. g

    Federal Highway Administration, Deck Structure Ratings - National Bridge...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    Federal Highway Administration (2008). Federal Highway Administration, Deck Structure Ratings - National Bridge Inventory, USA, [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    Federal Highway Administration
    data
    Description

    This dataset shows the count of Deck structures per county in the United States. the count is divided into safety ratings for each county, with values from 0-9. '0' Failed '1' Imminent '2' Critical '3' Serious '4' Poor '5' Fair '6' Satisfactory '7' Good '8' Very good '9' Excellent 'Unk' Unknown 'N' Not applicable Also Dangerous is summation of 0,1,2 and 3. Risky is summation of 4, 5 and 6. Safe is summation of 7, 8 and 9. Data Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/britab.htm

  7. g

    FBI, US Crime by City, USA, 2006

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). FBI, US Crime by City, USA, 2006 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    FBI
    Description

    This dataset shows City level data for all over the United States, and has various attributes for different crimes. Cities are shown as Latitude and longitude points. Attributes include murder, manslaughter, violent crimes, arson, motor vehicle theft, property crimes, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, theft, and rape. Data was provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Source: FBI URL: http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/data/table_08.html

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    U.S. Department of Justice, Murders by Type of Weapon, USA by State, 2006

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 5, 2008
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    Emily Sciarillo (2008). U.S. Department of Justice, Murders by Type of Weapon, USA by State, 2006 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 5, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation; Criminal Justice Information Services Division
    data
    Authors
    Emily Sciarillo
    Description

    This dataset was retrieved from the U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Criminal Justice Information Services Division website on February 29, 2008. "This table provides the type of weapons used in murder offenses. The data are based on the aggregated data from agencies within each state for which supplemental homicide data (i.e., weapon information) were reported to the FBI. The table also includes a breakdown of the types of firearms used in murders (i.e., handguns, rifles, shotguns, or unknown firearms)". "The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program". Estimated population was added for each state for 2006 that appeared on Table 5 of the data from 2006. Total murders from 2005 and 2004 were also included. Please see the Data Declaration for further information on the data set. Values of -1 represent no value.

  9. g

    U.S. Department of Justice, Total Arrests by Crime, USA by State, 2006

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 5, 2008
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    Emily Sciarillo (2008). U.S. Department of Justice, Total Arrests by Crime, USA by State, 2006 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 5, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation; Criminal Justice Information Services Division
    dwoolfe
    Authors
    Emily Sciarillo
    Description

    This dataset was retrieved from the U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Criminal Justice Information Services Division website on February 29, 2008. "This table provides arrest data for 29 separate UCR offenses for each state for 2006". The table provides data for total arrests by class of crime. "The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program". Estimated population was added for each state for 2006 that appeared on Table 5 of the data from 2006. Please see the Data Declaration for further information on the data set. Values of -1 represent no value.

  10. g

    BEA, Real GDP by Metropolitan Area, USA, 2001-2005

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). BEA, Real GDP by Metropolitan Area, USA, 2001-2005 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This dataset displays the Real GDP by metropolitan area for the years 2001-2005. For each of the posted metropolitan areas Millions of chained dollars and the percentage change from the previous year is posted. This data was geocoded according to city and state locations. During the geocoding process 233/363 records from the original dataset were successfully geocoded. The reason for this is that during the process is that the dataset often groups cities together into one metropolitan area, which were unable to be properly coded. This data was collected from the Bureau of Economic analysis at their web page at: http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm Access Date: October 29, 2007

  11. g

    Department of Justice ATF, Firearms Trace Data by State of Recovery, USA by...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Jun 3, 2008
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    Emily Sciarillo (2008). Department of Justice ATF, Firearms Trace Data by State of Recovery, USA by State, 2007 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 3, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    emily
    Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
    Authors
    Emily Sciarillo
    Description

    This dataset was compiled from the ATF 2007 report on firearms trace data. The numbers provided represent the top 15 source states of firearms for each state. The number and percentage of out of state guns are also calculated.

  12. g

    CARMA, United States Power Plant Emissions, United States, 2000/2007/Future

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 2, 2008
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    data (2008). CARMA, United States Power Plant Emissions, United States, 2000/2007/Future [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 2, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    CARMA
    Description

    All the data for this dataset is provided from CARMA: Data from CARMA (www.carma.org) This dataset provides information about Power Plant emissions in the USA. Power Plant emissions from all power plants in the United Staes were obtained by CARMA for the past (2000 Annual Report), the present (2007 data), and the future. CARMA determine data presented for the future to reflect planned plant construction, expansion, and retirement. The dataset provides the name, company, parent company, city, state, zip, county, metro area, lat/lon, and plant id for each individual power plant. The dataset reports for the three time periods: Intensity: Pounds of CO2 emitted per megawatt-hour of electricity produced. Energy: Annual megawatt-hours of electricity produced. Carbon: Annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The units are short or U.S. tons. Multiply by 0.907 to get metric tons. Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA) is a massive database containing information on the carbon emissions of over 50,000 power plants and 4,000 power companies worldwide. Power generation accounts for 40% of all carbon emissions in the United States and about one-quarter of global emissions. CARMA is the first global inventory of a major, sector of the economy. The objective of CARMA.org is to equip individuals with the information they need to forge a cleaner, low-carbon future. By providing complete information for both clean and dirty power producers, CARMA hopes to influence the opinions and decisions of consumers, investors, shareholders, managers, workers, activists, and policymakers. CARMA builds on experience with public information disclosure techniques that have proven successful in reducing traditional pollutants. Please see carma.org for more information http://carma.org/region/detail/202

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    Wikipedia, Number of School Shootings by State, US, 2007

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). Wikipedia, Number of School Shootings by State, US, 2007 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This dataset lists the number of well known school shootings by state. Some states have had more incidents than others. School shooting is a term popularized in American and Canadian media to describe gun violence at educational institutions, especially the mass murder or spree killing of people connected with an institution. A school shooting can be perpetrated by one or more students, expelled students, alumni, faculty members, or outsiders. Unlike acts of revenge against specific people, school shootings usually involve multiple intended or actual victims, often randomly targeted. Source: Wikipedia section on school shootings http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_shootings#List_of_school_shootings

  14. g

    City Data, US Wind Speed, United States by City, 2007

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). City Data, US Wind Speed, United States by City, 2007 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Description

    This dataset illustrates the cities with the largest wind speed differences. Also included are the city and state, the population, the speed differnce, the ranking, and the inverse ranking (to be used only for mapping purposes). Source: City-Data URL: http://www.city-data.com/top2/c466.html Date Accessed: November 9, 2007

  15. g

    Bureau of Prisons, USA Federal Prison Population, USA, 7.2.2008

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Jul 3, 2008
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    Burkey (2008). Bureau of Prisons, USA Federal Prison Population, USA, 7.2.2008 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 3, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    bop.gov, Bureau of Prisons
    Burkey
    Description

    This dataset displays the inmate populations for all the Federal Prisons throughout the United States on 7.2.08. This weekly Population Report can be found on the Bureau of Prisons website at bop.gov. These facilities are positioned by their lat/lon and this dataset is updated on a weekly basis.

  16. g

    FARS, Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change, USA, 2005

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 27, 2008
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    data (2008). FARS, Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change, USA, 2005 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 27, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    FARS - Fatality Analysis Reporting System
    data
    Description

    This dataset displays the Pedestrian fatality rates for the United States on a state level. An Inverse ranking is used to display the highest values to the rankings. This dataset was collected from the fatality analysis reporting system at: http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/States/StatesPedestrians.aspx Date: November 12, 2007

  17. g

    Bureau of Justice; Public Performance Project, Prison Population by State,...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 7, 2008
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    data (2008). Bureau of Justice; Public Performance Project, Prison Population by State, USA, 2007 and 2008 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 7, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Bureau of Justice; Public Performance Project
    Description

    This dataset shows the number of people that are in prison by state in 2006 and 2007. These numbers are then compared to show the difference between the two years and a percentage of change is given as well. This data was brought to our attention by the Pew Charitable Trusts in their report titled, One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008."" The main emphasis of the article emphasizes the point that in 2007 1 in every 100 Americans were in prison. To note: Many states have not completed their data verification process. Final published figures may differ slightly. The District of Columbia is not included. D.C. prisoners were transferred to federal custody in 2001

  18. g

    Association of Religious Data Archives, Total and Mainline Religions, USA,...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    Association of Religious Data Archives (2008). Association of Religious Data Archives, Total and Mainline Religions, USA, 2007 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Association of Religious Data Archives
    Description

    This dataset was found online at the Association of Religious Data Archives (ARDA) website. http://www.thearda.com/ . This data set shows information on religous groups throughout the United States. All data was uploaded as a polypoint centroids per county in the United States, in shapefile format. This Data set shows the Total congregations, Total Adherents, and Rate of Adherence per 1000 population for All religions in the United States and for the Mainline Religions.

  19. g

    FCC, Payphones Owned by LECs and Independent Operators by State, 2005

    • geocommons.com
    Updated May 25, 2008
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    Federal Communications Commission (2008). FCC, Payphones Owned by LECs and Independent Operators by State, 2005 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    May 25, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    laurie
    Federal Communications Commission
    Description

    This dataset contains information on payphones by state for the year 2005. The data was extracted from the following report: http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-270407A1.pdf The raw data in Table 7.5 was provided by National Payphone Clearinghouse and roll up analysis by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. I have also calculated per capita payphones using the U.S. Census Estimates of state population for 2005.

  20. g

    Department of Transportation (DOT) Bureau of Transportation Statistics,...

    • geocommons.com
    Updated Apr 29, 2008
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    data (2008). Department of Transportation (DOT) Bureau of Transportation Statistics, United States (USA) Airport Locations, USA, 2001 [Dataset]. http://geocommons.com/search.html
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 29, 2008
    Dataset provided by
    data
    Department of Transportation (DOT) Bureau of Transportation Statistics
    Description

    This dataset shows airports in the United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The data were derived from an extract of The Public- Use Airports database of the National Transportation Atlas Databases-2001 (NTAD-2001), published by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Department of Transportation. This dataset was released in October 2001 and was found on-line at the National Atlas, www.nationalatlas.gov in Shape file format. This point data is intended for use within the United States, including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. This data may be used for geographic display and analysis at the national level, and for large regional areas. Metadata: http://www.nationalatlas.gov/metadata/airprtx020.faq.html Online: www.nationalatlas.gov

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The Associated Press (2025). Mass Killings in America, 2006 - present [Dataset]. https://data.world/associatedpress/mass-killings-public

Mass Killings in America, 2006 - present

Data from the AP-USA TODAY-Northeastern project tracking the killings of four or more victims from 2006-present

Explore at:
6 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
zip, csvAvailable download formats
Dataset updated
Oct 1, 2025
Authors
The Associated Press
Time period covered
Jan 1, 2006 - Sep 28, 2025
Area covered
Description

THIS DATASET WAS LAST UPDATED AT 8:11 PM EASTERN ON SEPT. 30

OVERVIEW

2019 had the most mass killings since at least the 1970s, according to the Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings Database.

In all, there were 45 mass killings, defined as when four or more people are killed excluding the perpetrator. Of those, 33 were mass shootings . This summer was especially violent, with three high-profile public mass shootings occurring in the span of just four weeks, leaving 38 killed and 66 injured.

A total of 229 people died in mass killings in 2019.

The AP's analysis found that more than 50% of the incidents were family annihilations, which is similar to prior years. Although they are far less common, the 9 public mass shootings during the year were the most deadly type of mass murder, resulting in 73 people's deaths, not including the assailants.

One-third of the offenders died at the scene of the killing or soon after, half from suicides.

About this Dataset

The Associated Press/USA TODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killings database tracks all U.S. homicides since 2006 involving four or more people killed (not including the offender) over a short period of time (24 hours) regardless of weapon, location, victim-offender relationship or motive. The database includes information on these and other characteristics concerning the incidents, offenders, and victims.

The AP/USA TODAY/Northeastern database represents the most complete tracking of mass murders by the above definition currently available. Other efforts, such as the Gun Violence Archive or Everytown for Gun Safety may include events that do not meet our criteria, but a review of these sites and others indicates that this database contains every event that matches the definition, including some not tracked by other organizations.

This data will be updated periodically and can be used as an ongoing resource to help cover these events.

Using this Dataset

To get basic counts of incidents of mass killings and mass shootings by year nationwide, use these queries:

Mass killings by year

Mass shootings by year

To get these counts just for your state:

Filter killings by state

Definition of "mass murder"

Mass murder is defined as the intentional killing of four or more victims by any means within a 24-hour period, excluding the deaths of unborn children and the offender(s). The standard of four or more dead was initially set by the FBI.

This definition does not exclude cases based on method (e.g., shootings only), type or motivation (e.g., public only), victim-offender relationship (e.g., strangers only), or number of locations (e.g., one). The time frame of 24 hours was chosen to eliminate conflation with spree killers, who kill multiple victims in quick succession in different locations or incidents, and to satisfy the traditional requirement of occurring in a “single incident.”

Offenders who commit mass murder during a spree (before or after committing additional homicides) are included in the database, and all victims within seven days of the mass murder are included in the victim count. Negligent homicides related to driving under the influence or accidental fires are excluded due to the lack of offender intent. Only incidents occurring within the 50 states and Washington D.C. are considered.

Methodology

Project researchers first identified potential incidents using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Homicide incidents in the SHR were flagged as potential mass murder cases if four or more victims were reported on the same record, and the type of death was murder or non-negligent manslaughter.

Cases were subsequently verified utilizing media accounts, court documents, academic journal articles, books, and local law enforcement records obtained through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. Each data point was corroborated by multiple sources, which were compiled into a single document to assess the quality of information.

In case(s) of contradiction among sources, official law enforcement or court records were used, when available, followed by the most recent media or academic source.

Case information was subsequently compared with every other known mass murder database to ensure reliability and validity. Incidents listed in the SHR that could not be independently verified were excluded from the database.

Project researchers also conducted extensive searches for incidents not reported in the SHR during the time period, utilizing internet search engines, Lexis-Nexis, and Newspapers.com. Search terms include: [number] dead, [number] killed, [number] slain, [number] murdered, [number] homicide, mass murder, mass shooting, massacre, rampage, family killing, familicide, and arson murder. Offender, victim, and location names were also directly searched when available.

This project started at USA TODAY in 2012.

Contacts

Contact AP Data Editor Justin Myers with questions, suggestions or comments about this dataset at jmyers@ap.org. The Northeastern University researcher working with AP and USA TODAY is Professor James Alan Fox, who can be reached at j.fox@northeastern.edu or 617-416-4400.

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