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Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The complete Engineering Employers' Federation (EEF) payroll data have been transcribed from records kept at the University of Warwick's Modern Record Centre in order to provide electronic access. This is an especially rich source of data, representing roughly 30 percent of UK engineering. Detailed information are provided on wages (rates and earnings) and hours of work at engineering district, section, and occupational levels. Statistics separate pieceworkers and timeworkers as well as males and females. Information on apprentices, journeymen, boys and youths is also given. The statistics cover the period 1914 to 1968 and provide exceptional detail for the inter-war period (including the Great Depression), WWII, and the post-war recovery period. Unemployment rates covering 1926-1968 and matching 28 of the 56 engineering districts are also provided. To date, research work carried out at the University of Stirling on these data include: (a) A comprehensive descriptive analysis of all main features of the data. (b) Wages and hours in British engineering in the inter-and post-war periods. (c) The effect of the business cycles on the piece rates and time rates of pay. (d) Female work and pay in engineering during WWII. (e) Apprenticeship and journeymen relative pay and employment in the interwar period.

Objectives. This study investigated the association between unemployment and depressive symptoms and major depression disorder worldwide using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. Search time was limited to all articles published in English until December 2020. In the association between unemployment and depression, first, the results of qualified studies were extracted and, then, the results of each study were pooled with each other using the random effects method. Results. The prevalence of depression in the unemployed is 21%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [18, 24%]. This prevalence for depression symptoms is 24%, 95% CI [20, 28%] and for major depressive disorder is 16%, 95% CI [9–24%]. The association between unemployment and depressive symptoms was odds ratio (OR) 2.06, 95% CI [1.85, 2.30] and the association for major depressive disorder was OR 1.88, 95% CI [1.57, 2.25]. The association between unemployment and depression in men was OR 2.27, 95% CI [1.76, 2.93] and in women was OR 1.62, 95% CI [1.40, 1.87]. Conclusions. What is clear from the present study is that unemployment can lead to a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder, thereby undermining the mental health of the unemployed.

Tutkimuksessa kartoitettiin suomalaisten arvoja ja asenteita. Aluksi vastaajat kertoivat mielipiteensä useista väittämistä, jotka liittyivät mm. työelämään ja työelämän tasa-arvoon, hyvinvointiin, ympäristöasioihin, yhteiskunnalliseen vaikuttamiseen, päätöksentekoon, politiikkaan, talouteen, globalisaatioon ja vallankäyttöön. Tämän jälkeen vastaajilta tiedusteltiin luottamusta eri yhteiskunnan toimijoita, kuten eduskuntaa, oikeuslaitosta, poliisia, eri medioita, sosiaaliturvajärjestelmää, koulutusjärjestelmää ja kansalaisjärjestöjä kohtaan. Seuraavaksi selvitettiin vastaajien näkemyksiä yhteiskunnan tasa-arvoisuudesta ja eriarvoisuudesta mm. tulonjaon ja terveyden kannalta, ammattiryhmittäin, syntyperän ja etnisyyden suhteen, sukupolvittain, ikäryhmittäin ja alueellisesti. Seuraavaksi vastaajilta tiedusteltiin kuinka tärkeinä syinä talouden ja työllisyyden kääntymiselle huonompaan suuntaan vastaajat pitivät mm. maailmantalouden sääntelyä, markkinatalousjärjestelmän ylilyöntejä USA:ssa, nykyisen ja aiempien hallitusten tekemiä virheitä, tiedotusvälineiden toimintaa ja markkinajärjestelmää sinänsä. Samoin vastaajat arvioivat talouden ja työllisyyden tilaa tällä hetkellä ja esittivät arvionsa tilanteesta yhden, kahden ja viiden vuoden päästä. Vastaajat ottivat pelkistetysti kantaa siihen, millainen taloustilanne oli heidän mielestään tulossa. Seuraavaksi vastaajat ottivat kantaa Suomen nykyiseen markkinatalouteen. He ottivat kantaa siihen, kuinka paljon Suomessa oli esimerkiksi yrittämisen vapautta, kilpailua, sosiaalisuutta, keinottelua, monopoliasemassa olevia yrityksiä, elinkeinoelämän valtaa, työnteon arvostusta, ammattiliittojen valtaa, kovaa kapitalismia, holhoavaa sosialismia ja kotimaista omistusta. Seuraavaksi vastaajat ilmoittivat tyytyväisyytensä tulotasoonsa, ihmissuhteisiinsa, työhönsä, vaikutusmahdollisuuksiinsa yhteiskunnassa, elämäänsä yleensä, kuntansa hyvinvointipalveluihin ja talouden toimivuuteen arjessa. Lopuksi, ennen taustatietojen keräämistä he ilmaisivat, kuinka myönteisesti he suhtautuivat EU-jäsenyyteen sekä markan korvaamiseen eurolla ja ottivat kantaa siihen oliko EMU-jäsenyydestä ja eurosta ollut haittaa vai hyötyä vuoden 2009 talouskriisin oloissa. Taustakysymyksiä olivat mm. sukupuoli, ikäryhmä, asuinkunnan koko, koulutus ja toimiala. The survey charted Finnish attitudes and values. The respondents were presented with a series of attitudinal statements covering occupational life, work-life balance, social welfare, environmental issues, influencing, decision-making, political life, economy, globalisation, and political power. Confidence in various actors in society, such as the Parliament, the legal system, the police, various media, the social security system, he education system, and civic organisations was surveyed. The respondents' views were charted on equality in society and inequities related to income distribution and health, origin and ethnicity, and different generations, age groups, and regions. They were also asked to give their opinions on the importance of various factors (e.g. regulation of world economy, excesses of the American market economy system, mistakes made by the current and previous governments, actions of the media, the market system as such) in causing the current economic depression and unemployment. The respondents also assessed the state of the economy and employment at the time of the survey as well as after one, two and five years. Further questions probed the respondents' attitudes towards the current Finnish market economy. Views were charted on the freedom of enterprise, competition, sociality, speculation, enterprises exercising a monopoly, the power of the economy, the appreciation of work, the power of the trade unions, hard capitalism, paternalistic socialism, and domestic ownership. In addition, satisfaction with income level, relationships, work, possibilities to influence in society, life in general, municipal welfare services, and the functioning of the economy in everyday life was investigated. Finally, the respondents were asked about their attitudes towards EU membership and replacing the Finnish mark with euro, and whether EMU membership and euro had benefited or harmed Finland in the economic crisis of 2009. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age group, size of municipality of residence, education, and industry of employment.

Inclination toward political extremism among younger unemployed with and without university education. Political attitudes, political participation and judgement on parties as well as government. Occupational career and reasons for unemployment. Ideas about company co-determination. Topics: information on occupational situation or earlier occupation; occupation sought; most important criteria for work satisfaction; vocational training; type, size and area of business of last company; length of company employment; frequency of change of company and occupation; reason for one´s own unemployment; earlier unemployment and length of unemployment; assessment of the chances for a desired job; satisfaction with last job, colleagues and superiors; conversation with the works council in the lay-off; actual and ideal criteria for occupational success; desired main focus in co-determination of employees; forms of participation in company co-determination processes; judgement on the economic situation in the FRG; perceived forms of inner-company and political protest; interest in politics; pleasure in political discussions; discussion partners; understanding of democracy (scale); trust in political leadership (scale); population groups with unjustified privileged position in society; postmaterialism; attitude to the welfare state (scale); organizations and associations in which the respondent finds his personal interests preserved and associations that act against his interests; sympathy scale for the parties and personal attitudes to and willingness to participate in selected forms of political participation; judgement on the effectiveness of political participation; attitudes to use of violence to achieve political goals; contacts with the police, court and other authorities; characterization of the parties DKP, NPD, KPD and KBW; trust in the political system; necessity of trade unions; feeling of dependence on others in the structuring of one´s own life; hiring political extremists in the civil service; fear of the future and depression; satisfaction with economic and political conditions in the Federal Republic. Demography: age; sex; marital status; number of children; religious denomination; frequency of church attendance; school education; vocational training; employment; household income; sources of income; self-assessment on a left-right continuum and in comparison with one´s own position five years ago; party inclination; party identification; behavior at the polls in the last Federal Parliament election; party preference (ballot procedure); media usage; interest in politics of father and mother; party support by father; assessment of position of father, mother and the majority of friends on a left-right continuum. Interviewer rating: length of interview. Neigung zum politischen Extremismus bei jüngeren Arbeitslosen mit und ohne Hochschulbildung. Politische Einstellungen, politische Partizipation und Beurteilung von Parteien sowie des Staates. Berufslaufbahn und Gründe für die Arbeitslosigkeit. Vorstellungen über betriebliche Mitbestimmung. Themen: Angaben zur beruflichen Situation bzw. zur früheren Tätigkeit; angestrebter Beruf; wichtigste Kriterien für Arbeitszufriedenheit; Berufsausbildung; Art, Größe und Branche des letzten Betriebes; Dauer der Betriebszugehörigkeit; Häufigkeit von Betriebs- und Berufswechsel; Grund für die eigene Arbeitslosigkeit; frühere Arbeitslosigkeit und Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit; Einschätzung der Chancen auf einen gewünschten Arbeitsplatz; Zufriedenheit mit dem letzten Arbeitsplatz, den Kollegen und Vorgesetzten; Gespräch mit dem Betriebsrat bei der Entlassung; tatsächliche und ideale Kriterien für beruflichen Erfolg; gewünschte Schwerpunkte bei der Mitbestimmung der Arbeitnehmer; Formen der Teilnahme an betrieblichen Mitbestimmungsprozessen; Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen Situation in der BRD; perzipierte Formen innerbetrieblichen und politischen Protestes; Politikinteresse; Freude an politischen Diskussionen; Diskussionspartner; Demokratieverständnis (Skala); Vertrauen in die politische Führung (Skala); Bevölkerungsgruppen mit ungerechtfertigt bevorzugter Stellung in der Gesellschaft; Postmaterialismus; Einstellung zum Wohlfahrtsstaat (Skala); Organisationen und Verbände in denen der Befragte seine eigenen Interessen gewahrt findet und solche Verbände, die gegen seine Interessen handeln; Symphatieskalometer für die Parteien und eigene Einstellungen zu und Beteiligungsbereitschaft an ausgewählten Formen politischer Partizipation; Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit, der politischen Partizipation; Einstellungen zu Anwendungen von Gewalt zur Erreichung politischer ZieleKontakte mit Polizei, Gericht und anderen Behörden; Charakterisierung der Parteien DKP, NPD, KPD und KBW; Vertrauen in das politische System; Notwendigkeit von Gewerkschaften; Gefühl der Abhängigkeit bei der Gestaltung des eigenen Lebens von anderen; Einstellung politischen Extremisten im öffentlichen Dienst; Zukunftsangst und Depression; Zufriedenheit mit den wirtschaftlichen und politischen Verhältnissen in der Bundesrepublik. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Kinderzahl; Konfession; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Schulbildung; Berufsausbildung; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltseinkommen; Einkommensquellen; Selbsteinschätzung auf einem Links-Rechts-Kontinuum und im Vergleich mit der eigenen Position vor fünf Jahren; Parteineigung; Parteiidentifikation; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl; Parteipräferenz (Stimmzettelverfahren); Medienkonsum; Politikinteresse des Vaters und der Mutter; Parteianhängerschaft des Vaters; Einschätzung der Position des Vaters, der Mutter und der Mehrzahl der Freunde auf einem Links-Rechts-Kontinuum. Interviewerrating: Interviewdauer. Multi-stage stratified random sample The sample took place based on records of the Bundesanstalt fuer Arbeit {Federal Employment Office}, over-sample stratified according to having high school graduation or not. Mehrstufig geschichtete Zufallsauswahl. Die Auswahl geschah aufgrund von Unterlagen der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit, disproportional geschichtet nach Besitz der Hochschulreife und Nichtbesitz der Hochschulreife.