In 2025/26, the budgeted expenditure of the United Kingdom government is expected to be reach 1,335 billion British pounds, with the highest spending function being the 379 billion pounds expected to be spent on social protection, which includes pensions and other welfare benefits. Government spending on health was expected to be 277 billion pounds and was the second-highest spending function in this fiscal year, while education was the third-highest spending category at 146 billion pounds. UK government debt approaching 100 percent of GDP At the end of the 2024/25 financial year, the UK's government debt amounted to approximately 2.8 trillion British pounds, around 96 percent of GDP that year. This is due to the UK having to borrow money to cover its spending commitments, especially at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, when this deficit amounted to 314.6 billion pounds. Without significant cuts to spending or tax rises, the current government is aiming to reduce this debt by creating a stronger, more productive economy. Though this is how Britain's post WW2 debt was reduced, the country faces far more structural problems to growth than it did in the mid 20th century. Income Tax the UK's main revenue source Income Tax is expected to raise approximately 329 billion British pounds in the 2025/26 financial year, and be the largest revenue source for the government that year. Value Added Tax (VAT) receipts are expected to raise 214 billion pounds, with National Insurance contributions reaching 199 billion pounds. Although National Insurance rates for employees has actually fallen recently, the rate which employers pay was one of the main tax rises announced in the Autumn 2024 budget, rising from 13.8 percent to 15 percent. Though this avoided raising tax for workers directly, many UK businesses were critical of the move, with taxation seen as the main issue facing them at the start of 2025.

Income from HM Revenue and Customs

This one of a series of taxation packages on CKAN. This package contains general information on all HM Revenue & Customs taxes, including tax receipts and credits, benefits, number of taxpayers and estimates of the cost of tax expenditures and structural reliefs.

The income from HM Revenue and Customs is described briefly in the Departmental Report 2009:

http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/about/dept-ann-rep09.pdf

Revenue collected* 2008-09 (£bn)

1. Income Tax 149.6
2. National Insurance contributions 98.0
3. VAT 78.5
4. Corporation Tax 41.8
5. Hydrocarbon Oils 24.7
6. Alcohols 8.5
7. CGT 8.2
8. Tobacco 7.9
9. Stamp taxes 7.6
10. Other taxes and duties 10.9

The Other taxes and duties figures above, include Tax Credits treated as Negative Taxation and Student Loan Recoveries.

Entitlements paid 2008-09 (£bn)

1. Tax Credits 23.7
2. Child Benefit 11.2
3. Child Trust Fund endowments 0.19

Income Tax

Individuals may receive many different types of income but not all kinds of income are taxable.

The main kinds of income on which income tax may be payable are income from employment, self-employed profits from a business, occupational and personal pensions, interest from building societies and banks, dividends on shares, and income from property.

Tax is payable on some social security benefits such as the state retirement pension, bereavement allowance, jobseeker's allowance and incapacity benefit - but not on others such as tax credits or pension credit, or child benefit.

Tax is not payable on income received from certain National Savings products such as National Savings certificates, or from Individual Savings Accounts.

This is quoted from : http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/stats/income_tax/income-tax-intro.pdf

and this is another useful source:

http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/stats/income_tax/menu.htm

The most up to date list of taxes the Revenue and Customs receive is:

Direct taxes - paid by you or your business on money you earn or capital you gain.

1. Capital Gains Tax.
2. Corporation Tax.
3. Income Tax.
4. Inheritance Tax.
5. National Insurance Contributions.

Indirect taxes - paid by you or your business on money spent on goods or services.

1. Excise duties.
2. Insurance Premium Tax.
3. Petroleum Revenue Tax.
4. Stamp Duty.
5. Stamp Duty Land Tax.
6. Stamp Duty Reserve Tax.
7. VAT.

They pay and administer:

1. Child Benefit
2. Child Trust Fund
3. Tax Credits.

from http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/menus/aboutmenu.htm

Government Revenue Data We Would Like

A complete breakdown of government income broken down by:

• type of tax
• how these tax amounts have changed over time
• how taxes have changed over time
• demographics of the population the money is from, like: age, gender, geographical location and nationality.
• how the demographics of taxed population have changed over time

Is there a functional classification for taxes similar to COFOG for government spending?

I would also like to know how HM Revenue and Customs store the data on the income they receive.

• What type of databases?
• What system of organising the information?

In 2024/25, the UK government spent approximately 13.3 percent of GDP on social protection, compared with 8.4 percent for health, and 4.1 percent for education. These three spending areas have accounted for the highest share of government spending since the late 1980s. Defence spending as a share of GDP has, by contrast, fallen throughout this period, from a high of 4.6 percent in 1984/85, to just 1.8 percent in the mid-2010s. Main sources of revenue During this same time period, income tax has been the most important source of revenue for the government, accounting for almost ten percent of GDP in the 2022/23 financial year. The UK's main tax levied on sales, Value Added Tax (VAT), was equivalent to 7.4 percent of GDP that year, with National Insurance Contributions at around seven percent of GDP. Taxes raised from businesses via Corporation Tax were the fourth-major source of tax revenue that year, at approximately 3.1 percent of GDP. Debt and borrowing Due to several years of the government spending more than it earns, the government has had to borrow large amounts to finance its commitments. This was especially the case at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic when, due to depressed revenues and increased expenditure, the government borrowed more than 314 billion pounds. This increased the national debt from 1.8 trillion pounds, to around 2.15 trillion pounds, or almost 97 percent of GDP.

Value Added Tax (VAT) turnover and expenditure diffusion indexes and new VAT reporters using data from HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) VAT returns.

Public sector net debt amounted to 93.5 percent of gross domestic product in the United Kingdom during the 2024/25 financial year. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, UK government debt has reached levels not seen since the early 1960s, due to a significant increase in borrowing in 2020/21. After peaking at 251.7 percent shortly after the end of the Second World War, government debt in the UK gradually fell, before a sharp increase in the late 2000s at the time of the global financial crisis. Debt not expected to start falling until 2029/30 In 2024/25, the UK's government expenditure was approximately 1.28 trillion pounds, around 44 percent of GDP. This spending was financed by 1.14 trillion pounds of revenue raised, and almost 150 billion pounds of borrowing. Although the UK government can continue to borrow money to finance its spending, the amount spent on debt interest has increased significantly in recent years. Current forecasts suggest that while the debt is eventually expected to start declining, this is based on falling government deficits in the next five years. Government facing hard choices Hitting fiscal targets, such as reducing the national debt, will require a careful balancing of the books from the current government, and the possibility for either spending cuts or tax rises. Although Labour ruled out raising the main government tax sources, Income Tax, National Insurance, and VAT, at the 2024 election, they did raise National Insurance for employers (rather than employees) and also cut Winter Fuel allowances for large numbers of pensioners. Less than a year after implementing cuts to Winter Fuel, the government performed a U-Turn on the issue, and also held back on more significant cuts to welfare.

The Government is releasing public data to become more transparent and foster innovation. Some of this data was available before, but data.gov.uk brings it together in one searchable website. Making this data easily available means it will be easier for people to make decisions and suggestions about government policies based on detailed information. Hear more about the Government's Transparency agenda from the Prime Minister in this video. There are datasets available from all central government departments and a number of other public sector bodies and local authorities. Is data just public information? Not really. From data.gov.uk, you can access the raw data driving government forward. This can then be used by people to build useful applications that help society, or investigate how effective policy changes have been over time. General public information - such as how to find out if you are entitled to tax credits, or how to tax your car - can be found at gov.uk. You can use the data in all sorts of ways. This may be simply to analyse trends over time from one policy area, or to compare how different parts of government go about their work. Technical users will be able to create useful applications out of the raw data files, which can then be used by everyone. data.gov.uk provides a mini-site of guidance for publishers, including step-by-step process for including your data on data.gov.uk. Please see: Data.gov.uk is a key part of the Government's work on Transparency and Data. The data.gov.uk implementation is being led by the Data team in the Cabinet Office, working across government departments to ensure that data is released in a timely and accessible way. This work is being supported by Sir Tim-Berners Lee & Professor Nigel Shadbolt. There are a number of technical partners involved in the project to date. These include the CKAN, which runs the catalogue at data.gov.uk/data as well as a growing number of open data registries around the world. It is a project originally created by the Open Knowledge Foundation to make it easy to find, share and reuse open content and data. The CKAN software provides a web interface, programmer's API, feeds notifying of changes, and a browsable history of all changes. The API is documented here: http://data.gov.uk/datametadata-api-docs. There are a number of ways of getting involved in the project, dependent on your background or interest. For example: If you wish to get involved in working with data you can check this very brief primer, you can also check out organisations such as the Open Data Institute and the Open Knowledge Foundation. To find out technical details about the setup of data.gov.uk go here. Hear more about the Government's Transparency agenda from the Prime Minister.

BackgroundRegular consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with weight gain, type 2 diabetes, and dental caries. The UK will introduce a levy on the manufacturers of SSBs in 2018. Details will be negotiated over the next two years. How the UK public views SSB taxes is likely to be an important determinant of the content and success of the final policy. We aimed to capture the views, ideas and concerns of commenters on major UK news websites on SSB taxes.Methods and findingsWe conducted a qualitative analysis of reader comments to online news coverage of one proposal for an SSB tax in the UK. 1645 comments on four articles were included. Three underpinning themes influenced support or opposition to the tax: the balance between individual responsibility and autonomy, and population need; mistrust of the intention of the proposed tax and those promoting it; and variations in the perceived complexity of unhealthy diets and obesity associated with variations in what are considered appropriate interventions. Arguments under each theme were used to justify both support and opposition in different cases.ConclusionsAs the final form of the UK SSB tax is negotiated, effort should be made to address the concerns we identified. Our results suggest these efforts could usefully focus on emphasising the social and environmental determinants of diet and obesity, reinforcing the benefits of the tax to the NHS, and pitching the tax as playing into a variety of different conceptualisations of obesity.

The Family Resources Survey (FRS) has been running continuously since 1992 to meet the information needs of the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). It is almost wholly funded by DWP. The FRS collects information from a large, and representative sample of private households in the United Kingdom (prior to 2002, it covered Great Britain only). The interview year runs from April to March.The focus of the survey is on income, and how much comes from the many possible sources (such as employee earnings, self-employed earnings or profits from businesses, and dividends; individual pensions; state benefits, including Universal Credit and the State Pension; and other sources such as savings and investments). Specific items of expenditure, such as rent or mortgage, Council Tax and water bills, are also covered.Many other topics are covered and the dataset has a very wide range of personal characteristics, at the adult or child, family and then household levels. These include education, caring, childcare and disability. The dataset also captures material deprivation, household food security and (new for 2021/22) household food bank usage. The FRS is a national statistic whose results are published on the gov.uk website. It is also possible to create your own tables from FRS data, using DWP’s Stat Xplore tool. Further information can be found on the gov.uk Family Resources Survey webpage. Secure Access FRS data In addition to the standard End User Licence (EUL) version, Secure Access datasets, containing unrounded data and additional variables, are also available for FRS from 2005/06 onwards - see SN 9256. Prospective users of the Secure Access version of the FRS will need to fulfil additional requirements beyond those associated with the EUL datasets. Full details of the application requirements are available from Guidance on applying for the Family Resources Survey: Secure Access.FRS, HBAI and PIThe FRS underpins the related Households Below Average Income (HBAI) dataset, which focuses on poverty in the UK, and the related Pensioners' Incomes (PI) dataset. The EUL versions of HBAI and PI are held under SNs 5828 and 8503, respectively. The Secure Access versions are held under SN 7196 and 9257 (see above). The FRS aims to: support the monitoring of the social security programmesupport the costing and modelling of changes to National Insurance contributions and social security benefitsprovide better information for the forecasting of benefit expenditure From April 2002, the FRS was extended to include Northern Ireland. Latest edition:For the second edition (October 2014) the data have been re-grossed following revision of the FRS grossing methodology to take account of the 2011 Census mid-year population estimates. New variable GROSS4 has been added to the dataset. In August 2019, at the depositor's request, the Pensioners' Income (PI) dataset (pianon) previously held with the FRS was moved to a separate PI series study, SN 8503. Household characteristics (composition, tenure type); tenure and housing costs including Council Tax, mortgages, insurance, water and sewage rates; school milk and meals; educational grants and loans; children in education; informal care (given and received); childcare; occupation and employment; health restrictions on work; children's health; wage details; self-employed earnings; personal and occupational pension schemes; income and benefit receipt; income from pensions and trusts, royalties and allowances, maintenance and other sources; income tax payments and refunds; National Insurance contributions; earnings from odd jobs; children's earnings; interest and dividends; investments; National Savings products; assets; prescriptions. Standard Measures Standard Occupational Classification