This statistic shows the states with the highest wheat production in the United States in 2023 and 2024. North Dakota was ranked as the first leading wheat production state with about 367.7 million bushels produced in 2024 and just under 307 million bushels in 2023. Wheat production Wheat is the second most important grain that is cultivated in the United States, following only corn. Wheat is a cereal crop that can be classified into five major classes. These five wheat classes include hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, white, and durum wheat. Each class has a different end-use and the cultivation tends to be region-specific. Hard red winter wheat is mainly grown in the Great Plains area ranging from Montana to Texas. This type is primarily used for the production of bread flour. Hard red spring wheat is mostly cultivated in the Northern Plains area. Their wheat ears are mainly taken for protein blending purposes. Durum wheat, which is primarily grown in North Dakota and Montana, is known for their excellent qualities for producing pasta. The wheat class everyone knows from their breakfast cereal is named white wheat. Almost every U.S. state is involved in agricultural wheat production. The latest statistics show that North Dakota, Kansas and Montana were the leading wheat producing states among the United States.

In the marketing year 2024/2025, China was the leading wheat producing country with production volume of about ***** million metric tons. This was followed by the European Union with production volume of over *** million metric tons. Wheat productionWheat is the second most important grain that is cultivated in the United States, following only corn. Wheat is a cereal crop that can be classified into five major classes. These 5 wheat categories are comprised of: hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, white and durum wheat. Each class has a different end-use and the cultivation tends to be region-specific. Hard red winter wheat is mainly cultivated in the Great Plains area ranging from Montana to Texas. This type is primarily used for the manufacturing of bread flour. Hard red spring wheat is mainly grown in the Northern Plains area. Their wheat ears are mostly taken for protein blending uses. Durum wheat, which is primarily grown in North Dakota and Montana, is well-known for their excellent qualities for producing pasta. The wheat class everyone is familiar with from their breakfast cereal is known as white wheat.Almost every U.S. state is involved in agricultural production of wheat. The latest figures show that North Dakota, Kansas and Montana were the leading wheat producing states among the United States.

USA Crop Frequency is a thematic imagery service which serves the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Crop Frequency Data Layers. The service displays how many years corn, cotton, soybeans, or wheat were grown on a pixel since 2008. First, connect to the USA Crop Frequency service, then choose the processing template for the commodity you would like to view/analyze, whether corn, soybeans, wheat, or cotton.The default view of the USA Crop Frequency service shows how many years since 2008 that a pixel grows any of these four commodity crops. (Note: If two ore more commodity crops are both grown on the same pixel during a year, this counts as only one year in which any of the commodity crops was grown.)Variable mapped: Number of years corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat were grown from 2008 to 2018.Data Projection: AlbersMosaic Projection: AlbersExtent: Conterminous USACell Size: 30mSource Type: ThematicVisible Scale: All scalesSource: USDA NASSPublication Date: 2019This service and the data making up the service are all in Albers Projection. Albers is an equal area projection, and this allows users of this service to accurately calculate acreage without additional data preparation steps. This also means it takes a tiny bit longer to project on the fly into web mercator, if that is the destination projection of the service.Use processing templates to display frequency of corn, soybeans, wheat, or cottonCorn, soybeans, wheat, and cotton are the chief produce crops by value in the United States, excepting alfalfa and hay. To see how many years just corn, soybeans, wheat, or cotton are grown, choose the processing template that is appropriate for that commodity. Two templates exist for each commodity, one built by USDA with the default USDA color scheme, and one built by Esri.In ArcGIS Online, choose a processing template by clicking ... under crop frequency in the Table of Contents, then choose Image Display.Next, choose a renderer in the dialogue to see just corn, soybeans, wheat, or cotton in either an Esri or USDA color scheme.Value in Billions of US Dollars, 2014:Corn $52.4Soybeans $40.3Wheat $11.9Cotton $5.1Corn (Zea mays) is the most widely produced feed grain in the United States. The largest share of the corn produced in the USA (33%) is used to feed livestock, followed by 27% used to make ethanol for fuel. 11% of it is used to create food for humans, including high fructose corn syrup, sweeteners, starch, beverage alcohol, and cereals.Soybeans (Glycine max) are a widely grown crop in the United States. The beans are edible and have many uses. The beans are 38-45% protein and constitute the most important protein source for feed farm animals in the United States. They are also widely used to extract soybean oil, and in processed foods.Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a grass grown for seed and is used to make pasta (durum wheat), bread, baked goods, and other foods. For this service, "wheat" is a combination of durum, spring, and winter wheat, spelt, and triticale. These subclasses of wheat are identified by pixel in the USA Cropland thematic imagery service for years 2008-2019.Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a flowering plant grown for its balls of soft, fluffy fibers that grow in a boll. Almost all of the boll is used as fiber in textiles, but the seeds may also be used to make oils, and the seed hulls used to feed livestock.

This statistic shows the worldwide production of grain in 2024/25, sorted by type. In that year, worldwide wheat production came to about 793.24 million metric tons. The most important grain was corn, based on a production amount of over 1.2 billion metric tons. Grain Humans have been harvesting the small, dry seeds known as grain for thousands of years. The two main categories of grains are cereals, such as wheat, rye, and corn, and legumes, such as beans, lentils, peanuts and soybeans. Many grains are capable of being stored for long periods of time, easily transported over long distances, processed into flour, oil, and gas, and consumed by animals and humans. Most grain in the U.S. is used as animal feed, while slightly less is converted into ethanol. The smallest portion is consumed by humans. There has been recent debate about the health and ethics of grain feeding animals such as cows, goats, and sheep, animals biologically better suited to consuming grass. Though more cost effective than grass feeding, some argue this practice has an adverse effect on the quality of the meat as well as on the health of the animal and the consumer. The use of grains in producing ethanol has increased significantly in recent years. Global ethanol production has tripled since the year 2000. Ethanol is a semi-renewable energy formed by the fermentation of a feedstock, often sugar cane or corn cobs. It can be mixed with gasoline and used as motor vehicle fuel. This hybrid motor fuel emits fewer pollutants than standard gasoline.

The decline in revenue for industry farmers during the current period has primarily been driven by high global stocks and fierce international competition, compounded by climate volatility and challenging trade dynamics. High stocks of wheat and coarse grains are pressuring prices downward despite record domestic food use and demand for animal feed. Intense export competition from regions like the EU, Russia and Canada exacerbates this issue, making it difficult for US producers to maintain profit. Compounding the problem are climate and weather volatility, with increased instances of droughts and heat waves reducing yields and hindering production. Trade headwinds, including retaliatory tariffs and a strong US dollar, are also constraining exports, diminishing the competitiveness of US grain globally. Overall, industry revenue has dropped at a CAGR of 1.2% since 2020 to reach an expected $13.2 billion after a decrease of 6.3% in 2025. In addition to these external pressures, input costs remain a significant challenge for industry farmers. The persistently strong prices for fertilizers, pesticides and seeds, alongside increased agricultural wages and labor shortages, have elevated production expenses, straining profit as grain prices drop. Smaller and mid-sized farms are particularly affected, facing negative returns and low cash receipts. Some operations may be forced into consolidation if they are unable to absorb high costs. While some input prices, such as fuel and agrochemicals, have eased from huge spikes earlier in the current period, overall expenses continue to surpass commodity prices, eroding financial stability and forcing many producers to seek USDA program assistance to mitigate these challenges. Looking ahead, the wheat, barley, sorghum, oats and rye farming sector is expected to gradually recover as global stocks stabilize and demand grows, expanding at a CAGR of 0.9% to reach $13.8 billion in 2030. Easing supply chain disruptions and stabilizing input costs are expected to support this recovery. Future weakening of the US dollar stands to improve export competitiveness, offering some optimism for US producers. However, the recovery will vary across segments, with those benefiting from strong domestic demand or value-added products rebounding more quickly than those reliant on bulk exports.

The United States is the leading consumer of corn worldwide. In 2024/2025, the U.S. consumed about 318.277 million metric tons of corn. China ranked second with a consumption volume of 316 million metric tons. That year, the EU consumed about 78 million metric tons of corn in that year. Corn production in the U.S. Corn for grain makes up about a 27.5 percent share of all U.S. crop area harvested in 2022, meaning that corn has the second largest crop area in the United States. By contrast, corn for silage only makes up a two percent share of the total U.S. crop area. In 2022, approximately 13.7 billion bushels of corn for grain were produced in the United States. The vast majority of corn grown in the United States is enhanced with biotechnology. Corn utilization in the U.S. Though it is a popular and widely available vegetable in the United States, most of the corn grown in the United States is processed into ethanol, used as animal feed, or used to manufacture high fructose corn syrup. Of the 20 billion metric bushels of corn utilized in the United States in 2020/2021, about five billion metric bushels went to the production of ethanol and other by-products. In 2021, the average American consumed 4.3 pounds of fresh sweet corn, a decrease from about 9.2 pounds of sweet corn in 2010.

USA Cropland is a time-enabled imagery layer of the USDA Cropland Data Layer dataset from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). The time series shows the crop grown during every growing season in the conterminous US since 2008. Use the time slider to select only one year to view, or press play to see every growing season displayed sequentially in an animated map.The USDA is now serving the Cropland Data Layer in their own application called CropCros which allows selection and display of a single product or growing season. This application will eventually replace their popular CropScape application.This dataset is GDA compliant. Compliancy information can be found here.Why USA Cropland masks out NLCD land cover in its default templateUSDA Cropland Data Layer, by default as downloaded from USDA, fills in the non-cultivated areas of the conterminous USA with land cover classes from the MRLC National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). The default behavior for Esri's USA Cropland layer is a little bit different. By default the Esri USA Cropland layer uses the analytic renderer, which masks out this NLCD data. Why did we choose to mask out the NLCD land cover classes by default?While crops are updated every year from USDA NASS, the NLCD data changes every several years, and it can be quite a bit older than the crop data beside it. If analysis is conducted to quantify landscape change, the NLCD-derived pixels will skew the results of the analysis because NLCD land cover in a yearly time series may appear to remain the same class for several years in a row. This can be problematic because conclusions drawn from this dataset may underrepresent the amount of change happening to the landscape.Since the 2018 Cropland Data Layer was posted (early 2019), MRLC issued an update to the NLCD Land Cover dataset. The 2019 and 2020 cropland frames have this more current NLCD data, but the years before that contain NLCD land cover data from 2011 or older.To display the most current land cover available from both sources, add both the USA NLCD Land Cover service and USA Cropland time series to your map. Use the analytical template with the USA Cropland service, and draw it on top of the USA NLCD Land Cover service. When a time slider is used with these datasets together, the map user will see the most current land cover from both services in any given year.Variable mapped: Crop grown in each pixel since 2008.Data Projection: AlbersMosaic Projection: AlbersExtent: Conterminous USACell Size: 30mSource Type: ThematicVisible Scale: All scales are visibleSource: USDA NASSPublication Date: 2/2/2022This layer and the data making up the layer are in the Albers map projection. Albers is an equal area projection, and this allows users of this layer to accurately calculate acreage without additional data preparation steps. This also means it takes a tiny bit longer to project on the fly into web Mercator, if that is the destination projection of the layer.Processing templates available with this layerTo help filter out and display just the crops and land use categories you are interested in showing, choose one of the thirteen processing templates that will help you tailor the symbols in the time series to suit your map application. The following are the processing templates that are available with this layer:Analytic RendererUSDA Analytic RendererThe analytic renderer is the default template. NLCD codes are masked when using analytic renderer processing templates. There is a default esri analytic renderer, but also an analytic renderer that uses the original USDA color scheme that was developed for the CropScape layers. This is useful if you have already built maps with the USDA color scheme or otherwise prefer the USDA color scheme.Cartographic RendererUSDA Cartographic RendererThese templates fill in with NLCD land cover types where crops are not cultivated, thereby filling the map with color from coast to coast. There is also a template using the USDA color scheme, which is identical to the datasets as downloaded from USDA NASS.In addition to different ways to display the whole dataset, some processing templates are included which help display the top 10 agricultural products in the United States. If these templates seem to overinclude crops in their category (for example, tomatoes are included in both the fruit and vegetables templates), this is because it's easier for a map user to remove a symbol from a template than it is to add one.Corn - Corn, sweet corn, popcorn or ornamental corn, plus double crops with corn and another crop.Cotton - Cotton and double crops, includes double crops with cotton and another crop.Fruit - Symbolized fruit crops include not only things like melons, apricots, and strawberries, but also olives, avocados, and tomatoes. Nuts - Peanuts, tree nuts, sunflower, etc.Oil Crops - Oil crops include rapeseed and canola, soybeans, avocado, peanut, corn, safflower, sunflower, also cotton and grapes.Rice - Rice crops.Sugar - Crops grown to make sugars. Sugar beets and cane are displayed of course, but so are corn and grapes.Soybeans - Soybean crops. Includes double crops where soybeans are grown at some time during the growing season.Vegetables - Vegetable crops, and yes this includes tomatoes. Wheat - Winter and spring wheat, durum wheat, triticale, spelt, and wheat double crops.In many places, two crops were grown in one growing season. Keep in mind that a double crop of corn and soybeans will display in both the corn and soybeans processing templates.Index to raster values in USA Cropland:0,Background (not a cultivated crop or no data)1,Corn2,Cotton3,Rice4,Sorghum5,Soybeans6,Sunflower10,Peanuts11,Tobacco12,Sweet Corn13,Popcorn or Ornamental Corn14,Mint21,Barley22,Durum Wheat23,Spring Wheat24,Winter Wheat25,Other Small Grains26,Double Crop Winter Wheat/Soybeans27,Rye28,Oats29,Millet30,Speltz31,Canola32,Flaxseed33,Safflower34,Rape Seed35,Mustard36,Alfalfa37,Other Hay/Non Alfalfa38,Camelina39,Buckwheat41,Sugarbeets42,Dry Beans43,Potatoes44,Other Crops45,Sugarcane46,Sweet Potatoes47,Miscellaneous Vegetables and Fruits48,Watermelons49,Onions50,Cucumbers51,Chick Peas52,Lentils53,Peas54,Tomatoes55,Caneberries56,Hops57,Herbs58,Clover/Wildflowers59,Sod/Grass Seed60,Switchgrass61,Fallow/Idle Cropland62,Pasture/Grass63,Forest64,Shrubland65,Barren66,Cherries67,Peaches68,Apples69,Grapes70,Christmas Trees71,Other Tree Crops72,Citrus74,Pecans75,Almonds76,Walnuts77,Pears81,Clouds/No Data82,Developed83,Water87,Wetlands88,Nonagricultural/Undefined92,Aquaculture111,Open Water112,Perennial Ice/Snow121,Developed/Open Space122,Developed/Low Intensity123,Developed/Med Intensity124,Developed/High Intensity131,Barren141,Deciduous Forest142,Evergreen Forest143,Mixed Forest152,Shrubland176,Grassland/Pasture190,Woody Wetlands195,Herbaceous Wetlands204,Pistachios205,Triticale206,Carrots207,Asparagus208,Garlic209,Cantaloupes210,Prunes211,Olives212,Oranges213,Honeydew Melons214,Broccoli215,Avocados216,Peppers217,Pomegranates218,Nectarines219,Greens220,Plums221,Strawberries222,Squash223,Apricots224,Vetch225,Double Crop Winter Wheat/Corn226,Double Crop Oats/Corn227,Lettuce228,Double Crop Triticale/Corn229,Pumpkins230,Double Crop Lettuce/Durum Wheat231,Double Crop Lettuce/Cantaloupe232,Double Crop Lettuce/Cotton233,Double Crop Lettuce/Barley234,Double Crop Durum Wheat/Sorghum235,Double Crop Barley/Sorghum236,Double Crop Winter Wheat/Sorghum237,Double Crop Barley/Corn238,Double Crop Winter Wheat/Cotton239,Double Crop Soybeans/Cotton240,Double Crop Soybeans/Oats241,Double Crop Corn/Soybeans242,Blueberries243,Cabbage244,Cauliflower245,Celery246,Radishes247,Turnips248,Eggplants249,Gourds250,Cranberries254,Double Crop Barley/Soybeans

This dataset consists of growth and yield data for each year when maize (Zea mays, L., also known as corn in the United States) was grown for grain at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU) research weather station, Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL). Maize was grown for grain on four large, precision weighing lysimeters, each in the center of a 4.44 ha square field. The four square fields are themselves arranged in a larger square with the fields in four adjacent quadrants of the larger square. Fields and lysimeters within each field are thus designated northeast (NE), southeast (SE), northwest (NW), and southwest (SW). Irrigation was by linear move sprinkler system in 1989, 1990, and 1994. In 2013, 2016, and 2018, two lysimeters and their respective fields (NE and SE) were irrigated using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), and two lysimeters and their respective fields (NW and SW) were irrigated by a linear move sprinkler system. Irrigations were managed to replenish soil water used by the crop on a weekly or more frequent basis as determined by soil profile water content readings made with a neutron probe to 2.4-m depth in the field. The growth and yield data include plant population density, height, plant row width, leaf area index, growth stage, total above-ground biomass, leaf and stem biomass, ear mass (when present), kernel number, and final yield. Data are from replicate samples in the field and non-destructive (except for final harvest) measurements on the weighing lysimeters. In most cases yield data are available from both manual sampling on replicate plots in each field and from machine harvest. These datasets originate from research aimed at determining crop water use (ET), crop coefficients for use in ET-based irrigation scheduling based on a reference ET, crop growth, yield, harvest index, and crop water productivity as affected by irrigation method, timing, amount (full or some degree of deficit), agronomic practices, cultivar, and weather. Prior publications have focused on maize ET, crop coefficients, and crop water productivity. Crop coefficients have been used by ET networks. The data have utility for testing simulation models of crop ET, growth, and yield and have been used by the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP), by OPENET, and by many others for testing, and calibrating models of ET that use satellite and/or weather data.Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: 1989 Bushland, TX, east maize growth and yield data. File Name: 1989_East_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: This dataset consists of growth and yield data for one of the seasons when maize was grown for grain at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU) research weather station, Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL). Maize was grown for grain on four large, precision weighing lysimeters, each in the center of a 4.44 ha square field. The four square fields are themselves arranged in a larger square with the fields in four adjacent quadrants of the larger square. Fields and lysimeters within each field are thus designated northeast (NE), southeast (SE), northwest (NW), and southwest (SW). Irrigation was by linear move sprinkler system in 1989, 1990, and 1994. In 2013, 2016, and 2018, two lysimeters and their respective fields (NE and SE) were irrigated using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), and two lysimeters and their respective fields (NW and SW) were irrigated by a linear move sprinkler system. Irrigations were managed to replenish soil water used by the crop on a weekly or more frequent basis as determined by soil profile water content readings made with a neutron probe to 2.4-m depth in the field. The growth and yield data include plant population density, height, plant row width, leaf area index, growth stage, total above-ground biomass, leaf and stem biomass, ear mass (when present), kernel number, and final yield. Data are from replicate samples in the field and non-destructive (except for final harvest) measurements on the weighing lysimeters. In most cases yield data are available from both manual sampling on replicate plots in each field and from machine harvest. There are separate spreadsheets for the east (NE and SE) lysimeters and fields, and for the west (NW and SW) lysimeters and fields. The spreadsheets contain tabs for data and corresponding tabs for data dictionaries. Typically there are separate data tabs and corresponding dictionaries for plant growth during the season, crop growth stage, plant population, manual harvest from replicate plots in each field and from lysimeter surfaces, and machine (combine) harvest, An Introduction tab explains the tab names and contents, lists the authors, explains conventions, and lists some relevant references.Resource Title: 1990 Bushland, TX, east maize growth and yield data. File Name: 1990_East_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 1990 East.Resource Title: 1994 Bushland, TX, east maize growth and yield data. File Name: 1994_East_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 1994 East.Resource Title: 1994 Bushland, TX, west maize growth and yield data. File Name: 1994_West_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 1994 West.Resource Title: 2013 Bushland, TX, west maize growth and yield data. File Name: 2013_West_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2013 West.Resource Title: 2016 Bushland, TX, east maize growth and yield data. File Name: 2016_East_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2016 East.Resource Title: 2016 Bushland, TX, west maize growth and yield data. File Name: 2016_West_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2016 West.Resource Title: 2018 Bushland, TX, west maize growth and yield data. File Name: 2018_West_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2018 West.Resource Title: 2013 Bushland, TX, east maize growth and yield data. File Name: 2013_East_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2013 East.Resource Title: 2018 Bushland, TX, east maize growth and yield data. File Name: 2018_East_Maize_Growth_and_Yield(ADC).xlsx. Resource Description: As above for 2018 East.

The Census of Agriculture, produced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), provides a complete count of America's farms, ranches and the people who grow our food. The census is conducted every five years, most recently in 2022, and provides an in-depth look at the agricultural industry. This layer was produced from data obtained from the USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) Large Datasets download page. The data were transformed and prepared for publishing using the Pivot Table geoprocessing tool in ArcGIS Pro and joined to county boundaries. The county boundaries are 2022 vintage and come from Living Atlas ACS 2022 feature layers.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Grain productionGeographic Extent: 48 contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto RicoProjection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereSource: USDA National Agricultural Statistics ServiceUpdate Frequency: 5 yearsData Vintage: 2022Publication Date: April 2024AttributesNote that some values are suppressed as "Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations", "Not applicable", or "Less than half the rounding unit". These have been coded in the data as -999, -888, and -777 respectively. You should account for these values when symbolizing or doing any calculations.Commodities included in this layer:Grain - Operations with SalesGrain - Sales, Measured in US Dollars ($)Grain, Other - Operations with SalesGrain, Other - Sales, Measured in US Dollars ($) Geography NoteIn Alaska, one or more county-equivalent entities (borough, census area, city, municipality) are included in an agriculture census area.What can you do with this layer?This layer is designed for data visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-up. You may change the field(s) being symbolized. When symbolizing other fields, you will need to update the popup accordingly. Simple summary statistics are supported by this data.Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

This parent dataset (collection of datasets) describes the general organization of data in the datasets for each growing season (two-year period) when winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown for grain at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU), Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL). Winter wheat was grown on two large, precision weighing lysimeters, calibrated to NIST standards (Howell et al., 1995). Each lysimeter was in the center of a 4.44 ha square field on which wheat was also grown (Evett et al., 2000). The two fields were contiguous and arranged with one directly north of the other. See the resource titled "Geographic Coordinates, USDA, ARS, Bushland, Texas" for UTM geographic coordinates for field and lysimeter locations. Wheat was planted in Autumn and grown over the winter in 1989-1990, 1991-1992, and 1992-1993. Agronomic calendar for the each of the three growing seasons list by date the agronomic practices applied, severe weather, and activities (e.g., planting, thinning, fertilization, pesticide application, lysimeter maintenance, harvest) in and on lysimeters that could influence crop growth, water use, and lysimeter data. These include fertilizer and pesticide applications. Irrigation was by linear move sprinkler system equipped with pressure regulated low pressure sprays (mid-elevation spray application, MESA). Irrigations were managed to replenish soil water used by the crop on a weekly or more frequent basis as determined by soil profile water content readings made with a field-calibrated (Evett and Steiner, 1995) neutron probe from 0.10- to 2.4-m depth in the field. The lysimeters and fields were planted to the same plant density, row spacing, tillage depth (by hand on the lysimeters and by machine in the fields), and fertilizer and pesticide applications. The weighing lysimeters were used to measure relative soil water storage to 0.05 mm accuracy at 5-min intervals, and the 5-min change in soil water storage was used along with precipitation, dew and frost accumulation, and irrigation amounts to calculate crop evapotranspiration (ET), which is reported at 15-min intervals. Each lysimeter was equipped with a suite of instruments to sense wind speed, air temperature and humidity, radiant energy (incoming and reflected, typically both shortwave and longwave), surface temperature, soil heat flux, and soil temperature, all of which are reported at 15-min intervals. Instruments used changed from season to season, which is another reason that subsidiary datasets and data dictionaries for each season are required. The Bushland weighing lysimeter research program was described by Evett et al. (2016), and lysimeter design is described by Marek et al. (1988). Important conventions concerning the data-time correspondence, sign conventions, and terminology specific to the USDA ARS, Bushland, TX, field operations are given in the resource titled "Conventions for Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets". There are six datasets in this collection. Common symbols and abbreviations used in the datasets are defined in the resource titled, "Symbols and Abbreviations for Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets". Datasets consist of Excel (xlsx) files. Each xlsx file contains an Introductory tab that explains the other tabs, lists the authors, describes conventions and symbols used and lists any instruments used. The remaining tabs in a file consist of dictionary and data tabs. The six datasets are as follows: Agronomic Calendars for the Bushland, Texas Winter Wheat Datasets Growth and Yield Data for the Bushland, Texas Winter Wheat Datasets Weighing Lysimeter Data for The Bushland, Texas Winter Wheat Datasets Soil Water Content Data for The Bushland, Texas, Large Weighing Lysimeter Experiments Evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Dew/frost - Water Balance Data for The Bushland, Texas Winter Wheat Datasets Standard Quality Controlled Research Weather Data – USDA-ARS, Bushland, Texas See the README for descriptions of each dataset. The soil is a Pullman series fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll. Soil properties are given in the resource titled "Soil Properties for the Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets". The land slope in the lysimeter fields is <0.3% and topography is flat. The mean annual precipitation is ~470 mm, the 20-year pan evaporation record indicates ~2,600 mm Class A pan evaporation per year, and winds are typically from the South and Southwest. The climate is semi-arid with ~70% (350 mm) of the annual precipitation occurring from May to September, during which period the pan evaporation averages ~1520 mm. These datasets originate from research aimed at determining crop water use (ET), crop coefficients for use in ET-based irrigation scheduling based on a reference ET, crop growth, yield, harvest index, and crop water productivity as affected by irrigation method, timing, amount (full or some degree of deficit), agronomic practices, cultivar, and weather. Prior publications have described the facilities and research methods (Evett et al., 2016), and have focused on winter wheat ET (Howell et al., 1995, 1997, 1998), and crop coefficients (Howell et al., 2006; Schneider and Howell, 1997, 2001) that have been used by ET networks for irrigation management. The data have utility for developing, calibrating, and testing simulation models of crop ET, growth, and yield (Evett et al., 1994; Kang et al., 2009), and have been used by several universities and for testing, and calibrating models of ET that use satellite and/or weather data. Resources in this dataset: Resource Title: Geographic Coordinates of Experimental Assets, Weighing Lysimeter Experiments, USDA, ARS, Bushland, Texas. File Name: Geographic Coordinates, USDA, ARS, Bushland, Texas.xlsx. Resource Description: The file gives the UTM latitude and longitude of important experimental assets of the Bushland, Texas, USDA, ARS, Conservation & Production Research Laboratory (CPRL). Locations include weather stations [Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU) and CPRL], large weighing lysimeters, and corners of fields within which each lysimeter was centered. There were four fields designated NE, SE, NW, and SW, and a weighing lysimeter was centered in each field. The SWMRU weather station was adjacent to and immediately east of the NE and SE lysimeter fields. Resource Title: Conventions for Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets. File Name: Conventions for Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets.xlsx. Resource Description: Descriptions of conventions and terminology used in the Bushland, TX, weighing lysimeter research program. Resource Title: Symbols and Abbreviations for Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets. File Name: Symbols and Abbreviations for Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets.xlsx. Resource Description: Definitions of symbols and abbreviations used in the Bushland, TX, weighing lysimeter research datasets. Resource Title: Soil Properties for the Bushland, TX, Weighing Lysimeter Datasets. File Name: Bushland_TX_soil_properties.xlsx. Resource Description: Soil properties useful for simulation modeling and for describing the soil are given for the Pullman soil series at the USDA, ARS, Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX, USA. For each soil layer, soil horizon designation and texture according to USDA Soil Taxonomy, bulk density, porosity, water content at field capacity (33 kPa) and permanent wilting point (1500 kPa), percent sand, percent silt, percent clay, percent organic matter, pH, and van Genuchten-Mualem characteristic curve parameters describing the soil hydraulic properties are given. A separate table describes the soil horizon thicknesses, designations, and textures according to USDA Soil Taxonomy. Another table describes important aspects of the soil hydrologic and rooting behavior. Resource Title: README - Bushland Texas Winter Wheat collection. File Name: README_Bushland_winter_wheat_collection.pdf. Resource Description: Descriptions of the datasets in the Bushland Texas Winter Wheat collection

The United States was responsible for almost one third of the world's corn production in 2024/25. Most of the U.S. production is attributable to the Corn Belt, which is in the Midwest of the United States. Since the 1850s, corn has been the predominant crop in this area. U.S. corn production Most of the corn grown in the U.S. is field corn. Field corn is not primarily for human consumption but is used to produce hundreds of other products such as ethanol, livestock feed, and other manufactured goods. In 2024, the U.S. harvested over 86 million acres of corn for grain. Wisconsin, California, and South Dakota were the top states producing corn for silage in the U.S. that year. Global corn consumption: It’s Corn! In 2022/23, just under 46 billion bushels of corn were consumed worldwide. The United States and China were the top consumers of corn in the world, each consuming over 11 billion bushels that year. Even though the U.S. leads in consumption globally, the consumption of sweet corn has declined drastically since 2015. Mexico was the top importer of U.S. corn in 2022, followed by China.

The Wheat Production Market in South America size was valued at USD 44.9 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 6.09 Million by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 4.50 % during the forecast periods. The wheat production market refers to the global industry focused on the cultivation, harvesting, and distribution of wheat, one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. Wheat is a staple food, providing essential nutrition in the form of carbohydrates, fiber, and protein. The market is driven by both supply and demand factors, including population growth, dietary needs, and global trade. Wheat is primarily grown in temperate regions, with major producers including countries like China, India, the United States, Russia, and Canada. These nations contribute significantly to the global supply, influencing pricing, availability, and trade patterns. Wheat production is highly dependent on climatic conditions, soil quality, and technological advancements in farming practices. Modern agricultural techniques, such as the use of fertilizers, irrigation, and genetically modified crops, have improved yields and efficiency. However, the market is also vulnerable to external factors like weather variability, pest infestations, and geopolitical issues, which can affect crop output and disrupt the supply chain. Key drivers for this market are: Rising Consumption of Cashew Nuts in the Country, Favorable Government Initiatives. Potential restraints include: Hazardous Climatic Condition Hinders Cashew Production, Stringent Regulations Related to Food Quality Standards. Notable trends are: Argentina Dominates in Terms of Production Volume.

In the 2024/2025 marketing year, the top consumers of wheat globally were China, India, and the European Union. China consumed about 151 million metric tons of wheat that year. Wheat consumption worldwide is slowly increasing, growing by about eight percent since 2018/2019. Wheat production and trade Not only do they consume the most wheat, but China, the EU, and India are also the leading producers of wheat worldwide. Chine led global production, with about 136.6 million metric tons in 2023/24. Despite being a top producer, China also imports a great deal of wheat. In 2022, China imported about 3.8 billion U.S. dollars’ worth of wheat. Egypt has been one of the leading importer of wheat worldwide for the last several years. Wheat price Prices around the world have risen as of 2022. Many believe that the Russian invasion of Ukraine is to blame for the rising wheat prices and others believe it is the speculation of an impending food crisis that is driving up demand. The price of the most common variety of wheat grown in the U.S., hard red winter wheat, reached an all-time high in May 2022, reaching over 522 dollars per metric ton. Globally, the real household income is expected to decline by about 1.57 percent due to the increased cost of wheat and corn. Some countries will experience a decline of over five percent, showing the real impact that growing prices have on consumers across the world.

The Census of Agriculture, produced by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA), provides a complete count of America's farms, ranches and the people who grow our food. The census is conducted every five years, most recently in 2017, and provides an in-depth look at the agricultural industry.This layer summarizes wheat production from the 2017 Census of Agriculture at the county level.This layer was produced from data downloaded using the USDA's QuickStats Application. The data was transformed using the Pivot Table tool in ArcGIS Pro and joined to the county boundary file provided by the USDA. The layer was published as feature layer in ArcGIS Online. Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: 2017 Wheat ProductionCoordinate System: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: 48 Contiguous United StatesVisible Scale: All ScalesSource: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service QuickStats ApplicationPublication Date: 2017AttributesThis layer provides values for the following attributes. Note that some values are not disclosed (coded as -1 in the layer) to protect the privacy of producers in areas with limited production.Area Harvested in AcresOperations with Area HarvestedOperations with SalesProduction in BushelsSales in US DollarsIrrigated Area Harvested in AcresOperations with Irrigated Area HarvestedAdditionally attributes of State Name, State Code, County Name and County Code are included to facilitate cartography and use with other layers.Many other ready-to-use layers derived from the Census of Agriculture can be found in the Living Atlas Agriculture of the USA group.What can you do with this layer?This layer can be used throughout the ArcGIS system. Feature layers can be used just like any other vector layer. You can use feature layers as an input to geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS Pro or in Analysis in ArcGIS Online. Combine the layer with others in a map and set custom symbology or create a pop-up tailored for your users. For the details of working with feature layers the help documentation for ArcGIS Pro or the help documentation for ArcGIS Online are great places to start. The ArcGIS Blog is a great source of ideas for things you can do with feature layers. This layer is part of ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World that provides an easy way to find and explore many other beautiful and authoritative layers, maps, and applications on hundreds of topics.

The Census of Agriculture, produced by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA), provides a complete count of America's farms, ranches and the people who grow our food. The census is conducted every five years, most recently in 2017, and provides an in-depth look at the agricultural industry.This layer summarizes winter wheat production from the 2017 Census of Agriculture at the county level.This layer was produced from data downloaded using the USDA's QuickStats Application. The data was transformed using the Pivot Table tool in ArcGIS Pro and joined to the county boundary file provided by the USDA. The layer was published as feature layer in ArcGIS Online. Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: 2017 Winter Wheat ProductionCoordinate System: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: 48 Contiguous United StatesVisible Scale: All ScalesSource: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service QuickStats ApplicationPublication Date: 2017AttributesThis layer provides values for the following attributes. Note that some values are not disclosed (coded as -1 in the layer) to protect the privacy of producers in areas with limited production.Area Harvested in AcresOperations with Area HarvestedProduction in BushelsIrrigated Area Harvested in AcresAdditionally attributes of State Name, State Code, County Name and County Code are included to facilitate cartography and use with other layers.Additional information on wheat from the Census of Agriculture is available in the USDA Census of Agriculture 2017 - Wheat Production layer.Many other ready-to-use layers derived from the Census of Agriculture can be found in the Living Atlas Agriculture of the USA group.What can you do with this layer?This layer can be used throughout the ArcGIS system. Feature layers can be used just like any other vector layer. You can use feature layers as an input to geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS Pro or in Analysis in ArcGIS Online. Combine the layer with others in a map and set custom symbology or create a pop-up tailored for your users. For the details of working with feature layers the help documentation for ArcGIS Pro or the help documentation for ArcGIS Online are great places to start. The ArcGIS Blog is a great source of ideas for things you can do with feature layers. This layer is part of ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World that provides an easy way to find and explore many other beautiful and authoritative layers, maps, and applications on hundreds of topics.

The Census of Agriculture, produced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), provides a complete count of Texas' farms, ranches and the people who grow our food. The census is conducted every five years, most recently in 2022, and provides an in-depth look at the agricultural industry.The complete census includes over 260 separate commodities. This dataset is a subset of 23 commodities selected for publishingThis layer was produced from data obtained from the USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) Large Datasets download page. The data were transformed and prepared for publishing using the Pivot Table geoprocessing tool in ArcGIS Pro and joined to county boundaries. The county boundaries are 2022 vintage and come from Living Atlas ACS 2022 feature layers.AttributesNote that some values are suppressed as "Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations", "Not applicable", or "Less than half the rounding unit". These have been coded in the data as -999, -888, and -777 respectively.AlmondsAnimal TotalsBarleyCattleChickensCornCottonCrop TotalsGovt ProgramsGrainGrapesHayHogsLaborMachinery TotalsRiceSorghumSoybeanTractorsTrucksTurkeysWheatWinter Wheat

In the marketing year of 2024/2025, the global production volume of wheat amounted to almost 793 million metric tons. This was an increase compared to the previous marketing year. Wheat in the U.S. The United States produces a large amount of wheat each year, a great deal of which is subsequently exported. In 2022/23, the country imported about 122 million bushels of wheat, while exporting 758 million bushels. North Dakota, Kansas, and Montana were the leading U.S. states in terms of wheat production in 2023. Post Shredded Wheat Post Shredded Wheat is a brand of breakfast cereal, made from whole wheat, owned by the American company, known as Post Consumer Brands. The brand comes in many varieties, including Frosted Shredded Wheat, Original Big Biscuit, and Original Spoon Size. When surveyed in 2020, roughly six and a half million American consumers consumed between one and four portions of regular Post Shredded Wheat for breakfast over the last seven days.

The Flour Milling industry manufactures milled products, including various flours, rice and malt. Despite a significant shift away from wheat flour consumption, demand for products has grown as rising health consciousness has driven consumers toward gluten-free and whole-grain foods. Also, the pandemic sparked a trend in at-home baking, attracting more consumers. At the same time, the price of certain input commodities has increased in recent years, raising operational costs. Imports into the Flour Milling industry have also risen. However, revenue is expected to inch down at a CAGR of 0.1% over the past five years to $21.6 in 2024, including a 4.8% dip in 2024 alone. Profit, meanwhile, remained relatively stagnant during the same timeframe, representing an estimated 6.9% of revenue in 2024. Stay-at-home orders associated with the pandemic spurred an interest in at-home baking. The sudden boost in demand for flour from individual consumers and the significant loss in demand from commercial consumers like restaurants temporarily disrupted industry supply chains but eventually yielded a rise in demand. Operators have also responded to a widespread shift in consumer preferences toward healthier and gluten-free options by increasing the production of rice, almond and hempseed flour varieties, appealing to a niche market of consumers with gluten-free products. The industry's most prominent players have been consolidating to strengthen efficiency and produce products at maximum capacity to remain competitive. Moving forward, the prices of several agricultural commodities, including wheat and corn, are expected to remain relatively stable. Low volatility in input prices prevents operators from hiking prices for consumers, limiting revenue and putting pressure on profit. While import penetration is expected to fall, a drop in wheat flour consumption will constrain revenue. Shifting consumer preferences will continue to encourage consolidation and force flour milling companies into more niche markets to remain competitive. Overall, revenue is estimated to remain constant, growing at a CAGR of 0.0% over the next five years to $21.7 billion in 2029.

The Cropland Data Layer (CDL), hosted on CropScape, provides a raster, geo-referenced, crop-specific land cover map for the continental United States. The CDL also includes a crop mask layer and planting frequency layers, as well as boundary, water and road layers. The Boundary Layer options provided are County, Agricultural Statistics Districts (ASD), State, and Region. The data is created annually using moderate resolution satellite imagery and extensive agricultural ground truth. Users can select a geographic area of interest or import one, then access acreage statistics for a specific year or view the change from one year to another. The data can be exported or added to the CDL. The information is useful for issues related to agricultural sustainability, biodiversity, and land cover monitoring, especially due to extreme weather events. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: CropScape and Cropland Data Layer - National Download. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/index.php Downloads available as zipped files at https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/index.php --

National CDL's -- by year, 2008-2020. Cropland Data Layer provides a raster, geo-referenced, crop-specific land cover map for the continental United States. The CDL also includes a crop mask layer and planting frequency layers, as well as boundary, water and road layers. The Boundary Layer options provided are County, Agricultural Statistics Districts (ASD), State, and Region. National Cultivated Layer -- based on the most recent five years (2013-2020). National Frequency Layer -- the 2017 Crop Frequency Layer identifies crop specific planting frequency and are based on land cover information derived from the 2008 through 2020CDL's. There are currently four individual crop frequency data layers that represent four major crops: corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat. National Confidence Layer -- the Confidence Layer spatially represents the predicted confidence that is associated with that output pixel, based upon the rule(s) that were used to classify it. Western/Eastern/Central U.S.

Visit https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/ for the interactive map including tutorials and basic instructions. These options include a "Demo Video", "Help", "Developer Guide", and "FAQ".

The United States is the leading consumer of corn worldwide. In 2023/2024, the U.S. consumed about 12 billion bushels of corn. The EU consumed about 12.04 billion bushels of corn in that year. Corn production in the U.S. Corn for grain makes up about a 27.5 percent share of all U.S. crop area harvested in 2022, meaning that corn has the second largest crop area in the United States. By contrast, corn for silage only makes up a two percent share of the total U.S. crop area. In 2022, approximately 13.7 billion bushels of corn for grain were produced in the United States. The vast majority of corn grown in the United States is enhanced with biotechnology. Corn utilization in the U.S. Though it is a popular and widely available vegetable in the United States, most of the corn grown in the United States is processed into ethanol, used as animal feed, or used to manufacture high fructose corn syrup. Of the 20 billion metric bushels of corn utilized in the United States in 2020/2021, about five billion metric bushels went to the production of ethanol and other by-products. In 2021, the average American consumed 4.3 pounds of fresh sweet corn, a decrease from about 9.2 pounds of sweet corn in 2010.