The 2000 Families: Migration Histories of Turks in Europe project explores migration processes, the multi-generational transmission of social, cultural, religious and economic resources, values and behavior. The research is targeted Turkish migrant and non-migrant families, their members in European countries and those who did not migrate to European countries or returned to Turkey, and involves survey interviews with approximately 6000 family members across three generations.

The study consists of three parts: Family Tree (Pilot and Main), Proxy interviews (Pilot and Main) and Personal interviews (Pilot and Main).

I. Information on first generation man (IKE): male ancestor is migrant or non-migrant; still alive; place of birth; year of birth (age); ethnic family origin; left his place of birth for more than five years; migration within Turkey; country of first destination; place of first destination (NUTS); year or age of internal migration; year or age of international emigration; ever moved to Europe for more than five years and country; year or age of moving; country of current (last) residence; duration of stay in Europe; number of siblings; place in the rank; age; sex of siblings; sibling moved to Europe between 1960-1974; emigration motive(s); spouse is alive; emigration(s) of spouse; year of emigration(s) of spouse; current (last) marriage was his first marriage; end of the first marriage; arranged marriage; year of marriage; ethnic family origin of spouse; spouse is (was) a relative; religion of spouse (or partner); highest level of education; first main job (ISCO-88 and ISEI); job title of current or last job (ISCO-88 and ISEI); kind of job; occupation of the father of IKE (ISCO-88 and ISEI); religion (denomination); left the country before he died; age or year of death; country of death; legal marital status at time of death; information on IKE´s children, grandchildren and great grandchildren.

Additionally coded was: children code; grandchildren code; rank number of children, grandchildren and great grandchildren; generation.

II. 1. Information about respondent and migration history: migration status; year of first migration; age of first migration; country of current stay (NUTS); name of the city, town or village; degree of urbanization; city is usual place of living; name of the nearest city; usual place of living, degree of urbanization, nearest city, and country of usual place of living; place of birth, and degree of urbanization; nearest city to place of birth; country of place of birth; respondent left his country for at least one year and number of countries; destination countries; age of migration; main reason for moving; regularly movement between two countries; names of these two countries;

1. Achieved education and occupation: completed education or still in education; literacy; age when finished education; country in which the respondent finished his education; highest level of education; information on first occupation and current (or last) occupation (ISCO-88 und ISEI); country of first job; occupational status; number of supervised employees; ethnic or national origin of the person who directly manages (managed) the respondent in this current or last job; number of Turkish colleagues; working hours; usual take home pay; currency; covered period of payment.

2. Family: marriage and fertility: legal marital status; stable relationship; living together with a partner; number of marriages; age when first married; end of the first marriage due to death of a partner or divorce; divorced; age when first marriage ended; age or year of first divorce; age when married current or most recent spouse; number of children; sex and age of these children.

3. Family relations: year of birth of mother and father; parents are alive; living together with parents; country of current stay; frequency of contact with parents; distance to the living place of parents; frequency of provided advice and financial support for own parents in the last 12 months; frequency of received support and financial support; attitude towards intergenerational relations and gender roles; responsible person for family finances.

4. Attachment to Turkey and to the country and identity: Turkish citizenship; feeling connected to people from Turkey; portion of friends with Turkish background; citizenship of the country of residence; feeling connected with country nationals; preferred country to win the Eurovision Song Contest;...

The short survey on current issues relating to migration / integration was conducted by the Verian opinion research institute on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. During the survey period from 27.02.2024 to 05.03.2024, the German-speaking population aged 14 and over was asked about their attitudes to migration and integration in telephone interviews (CATI). The focus is on attitudes towards refugee issues, immigration in general and the federal government´s immigration policy. Respondents were selected using a multi-stage random sample as part of a multi-topic survey (Emnid bus), including landline and mobile phone numbers (dual-frame sample). Agreement with statements on the topic of immigration to Germany (integration of immigrants into German society has been successful overall so far, there are already so many immigrants living in Germany that no more can be taken in, immigrants are causing a very sharp rise in crime in Germany, I think it´s good that Germany is becoming more culturally diverse through immigration, Germany needs immigration); satisfaction with various aspects of the federal government´s immigration policy (dealing with the population´s concerns about immigration, how the objectives and measures of immigration policy are explained to the population, efforts to date to integrate immigrants into the German labor market, efforts to date to find a European solution for immigration to Europe); concerns about current refugee numbers in Germany; short-term and long-term forecast regarding the advantages or disadvantages for Germany of accepting refugees; opinion on rather simplified or rather more difficult immigration regulations for different immigrant groups (refugees from Ukraine, refugees from Syria or Afghanistan, refugees from other countries, skilled workers from non-European countries); assessment of the payment card for refugees instead of cash as useful vs. not useful; perception of problems in connection with refugees in the local area; naming of specific problems (open). Demography: sex; age; education; occupation; household size; number of people in the household aged 14 and over; party preference; voting eligibility; net household income; survey via mobile or landline. Additionally coded: consecutive respondent number; weighting factor; interview date; city size (BIK city size and political city size); federal state; survey area west/east. Die Kurzumfrage über aktuelle Fragen zur Migration / Integration wurde vom Meinungsforschungsinstitut Verian im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung durchgeführt. Im Erhebungszeitraum 27.02.2024 bis 05.03.2024 wurde die deutschsprachige Bevölkerung ab 14 Jahren in telefonischen Interviews (CATI) zu ihrer Einstellung zu Migration und Integration befragt. Schwerpunkt ist dabei die Haltung zu Flüchtlingsfragen, zu Einwanderung allgemein sowie zur Einwanderungspolitik der Bundesregierung. Die Auswahl der Befragten erfolgte durch eine mehrstufige Zufallsstichprobe im Rahmen einer Mehrthemenbefragung (Emnid-Bus) unter Einschluss von Festnetz- und Mobilfunknummern (Dual-Frame Stichprobe). Zustimmung zu Aussagen zum Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland (Integration der Einwanderer in die deutsche Gesellschaft ist bisher alles in allem gut gelungen, in Deutschland leben schon so viele Einwanderer, dass keine weiteren aufgenommen werden können, durch Einwanderer steigt die Kriminalität in Deutschland sehr stark an, ich finde es gut, dass Deutschland durch Einwanderung kulturell vielfältiger wird, Deutschland braucht Einwanderung); Zufriedenheit mit verschiedenen Aspekten der Einwanderungspolitik der Bundesregierung (Umgang mit den Sorgen der Bevölkerung zum Thema Einwanderung, wie Ziele und Maßnahmen der Einwanderungspolitik der Bevölkerung erklärt werden, bisherige Bemühungen zur Integration von Einwanderern in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt, bisherige Bemühungen um eine europäische Lösung für die Einwanderung nach Europa); Sorgen über die aktuellen Flüchtlingszahlen in Deutschland; kurzfristige und langfristige Prognose hinsichtlich der Vorteile oder Nachteile für Deutschland durch die Aufnahme von Flüchtlingen; Meinung zu eher vereinfachten oder eher erschwerten Regelungen der Zuwanderung für verschiedene Zuwanderergruppen (Flüchtlinge aus der Ukraine, Flüchtlinge aus Syrien oder Afghanistan, Flüchtlinge aus anderen Ländern, Fachkräfte aus dem nicht-europäischen Ausland); Bewertung der Bezahlkarte für Geflüchtete anstelle von Bargeld als sinnvoll vs. nicht sinnvoll; Wahrnehmung von Problemen im Zusammenhang mit Flüchtlingen im räumlichen Umfeld; Benennung konkreter Probleme (offen). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Bildung; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltsgröße; Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt ab 14 Jahren; Parteipräferenz; Wahlberechtigung; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Erhebung per Mobilfunk oder Festnetz. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: laufende Befragtennummer; Gewichtungsfaktor; Interviewdatum; Ortsgröße (BIK-Ortsgröße und politische Ortsgröße); Bundesland; Befragungsgebiet West/Ost.

This study aims to contribute to knowledge about the peace-building agency of civilian actors in marginalized social-housing neighborhoods, who deal with the consequences of terrorist violence in European cities. The bulk of peace and conflict studies literature has provided insight in the dynamics of violence rather than peace. The innovative character of this study therefore is that it interprets existing and new data on dealing with violence with a novel approach, that of geographies of peace. This innovative approach breaks with the tendency of peace and conflict studies to focus on the Global South, state processes and armed conflict and makes it very relevant for studying initiatives in European cities that deal with the aftermaths of paroxysmal violence. The study draws on data collected in three different cities: Grenoble, Freiburg and Brcko. This dataset concerns the data that has been collected in the region of Freiburg (DE).

The title of the sub-project was "Everyday Peace2 and sought to answer how peace is understood, experienced, and lived by migrant women at different stages of an asylum procedure in Germany.

The data is collected by Leonie Bozenhardt and Felicitas Winker under the supervision of Claske Dijkema, in the context of a Research Lab in the MA program Changing Societies at the University of Basel (2021-2022).

“Everyday Peace” is a participatory research project conducted by students from the University of Basel. It is a part of the Horizon 2020 funded URPEACE project that is interested in urban peace-making and the peace-building agency of stigmatized civilian actors in European cities dealing with the consequences of violence.

The everyday peace sub-project invited migrant women at different stages of an asylum procedure in Germany to a conversation throughout a workshop series. The aim is gain knowledge about how peace is understood, experienced, and manifested in migrants` everyday lives in Germany. The research is dedicated to finding out more about how peace is perceived and experienced in the country of arrival, instead of looking at the countries of origin. On the one hand this approach offers a personal insight of the women into very individual ideas about and experiences of peace in contrast to only looking at peace as the absence of war; and on the other hand, it helps to identify overlapping experiences and concepts. We conducted two focus groups, working with migrant women from the area around a city in Southern Germany. Focus group discussions give the opportunity to concentrate on the exchange among the participants. The aim of this project is to improve knowledge about different understandings of peace and the challenges to peace in migrants´ lives in Germany.

The research project “Everyday Peace – How is peace understood, experienced and manifested in migrants’ everyday lives in Germany” was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022 by two students from the University of Basel. Within that period two focus groups were formed and brought together for a total of four workshops; each group participated in two workshops within a week’s time and expressed themselves about how peace is understood, experienced, and manifested in their everyday lives. The workshops took place in Freiburg im Breisgau and each meeting lasted around two to three hours and was audio recorded. To understand how people feel and think about the subject, each workshop day was based on a participatory research method. The first workshop day included certain aspects of the game “Dixit” as a photo elicitation and during the second workshop day the participants created a “Relief Map”. While methods will be described later in depth, it can be already mentioned that the students not only took on the role as researcher but also as a participant themselves and moderator. Furthermore, outside of the workshops one is still being the social worker of two participants of Group A.

Both student researchers have a professional background in social work in contexts of migration and they could draw on already existing and trust-based relationships. The snowball method was used to find additional participants. The used method is described in detail in the document “Research Lab Report Winker and Bozenhardt”. This method led to the formation of two groups of women, one from central and west-Africa and the other from Afghanistan. Their legal perspectives to stay in Germany differed greatly. A list of participants, with their pseudonym, country of origin, age, political status etc. is among the uploaded documents. They have all signed a statement that the discussions could be recorded and could be made public under the condition that the results were pseudonymized. In the transcripts all names have been pseudonymized. The pseudonyms have been chosen by the participants themselves.

This database contains the transcripts of the focus groups that took place on:

29 January 2022 (Workshop 1, Group A) 05 February 2022 (Workshop 2, Group A) 07 Mach 2022 (Workshop 1, Group B) 08 March 2022 (Workshop 2, Group B)

The data was gathered during fieldwork which took place between February 2014 and August 2016, and involved the collection of 207 in-depth interviews with migrants across both urban and rural locations. In recruiting participants, we focused upon those who had been resident in Scotland for more than one and less than ten years. 59 expert interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders: representatives of local councils, service providers, migrant associations, English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) practitioners and employers.This project studies perspectives and experiences of 'social security' amongst migrants from Central Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union in Scotland. Through its long-term and deep engagement with migrant communities in a number of urban and rural sites, including 2 large cities, a number of smaller towns and remote rural locations, the project delivers significant new and original empirical data, and has generated new academic insight through an innovative synthesis of existing theoretical frameworks. Moreover, the project develops practical and policy outcomes and solutions through the use of participatory action research. A first phase of in-depth qualitative research identified key themes and areas of concern, drawing particularly on migrants’ own experiences and perspectives. This was followed by the phase of participatory action research, during which the project team worked directly with migrants, migrant organisations, policymakers, service providers and employers to develop practical projects addressing particular issues. The process of developing these projects was underpinned by short, medium and long-term goals relating to the determination of 'best practice', and the potential for replication in broader local, regional and national contexts. In-depth semi-structured interviews with migrants from Central and Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union. Access to migrant participants was facilitated through existing contacts with local authorities, migrant support groups and organisations, service providers, community planning partnerships and employers. Expert interviewees were sampled according to their work or expertise in issues relating to migration to Scotland.

This dataset is gleaned from employing a netnography methodology whereby Facebook posts and media content from London Latin American focused Facebook groups from 2021 backwards were extracted and analysed using Nvivo software. The posts were searched for their relevance to the Elephant and Castle mall in London, a hub from the Latin American community, and the effect of the closing of the hub on the wellbeing of the residences who posted about it. The study was to uncover wellbeing issues that effected displaced populations. The posts and videos were assessed and keywords systematically picked out for snowball analysis, regularity and presence within certain groups. This aided the identification of those factors most relevant to the wellbeing of these migrant groups. The dataset breaks down the number of mentions in individual posts (rather than the total mentions, where some posts may mention the same wellbeing factor more than once). It separates the wellbeing factors (lefthand column) against national groupings identified by the name of the individual Facebook group where the content of those posts originated.This research directly addresses the 'Sustainability, equity, wellbeing and cultural connections' aspects identified in the call. It investigates through what processes forcibly displaced people become part of cities, in ways that sustainably contribute to economic development, cultural advancement and wellbeing. To this end, we will build a detailed understanding of the relations between placemaking processes, modalities of reception and wellbeing outcomes for displaced groups in Indian and European cities. We do this in a context of rapidly growing human displacement, forced migration and refugee flows to cities globally, and in European and Indian cities that are witnessing rising inequalities. The research objectives, in approximate order of importance, are: (i) Gain a deep understanding of the material and cultural production, design and architectural organisation of urban spaces of displacement and placemaking processes. (ii) Critically examine the ways in which these spaces and the displaced people in them are governed, through assemblages of actors and particular modalities of reception, to produce particular wellbeing effects. (iii) Assess in what ways and why displaced people negotiate access to these spaces. (iv) Develop, design and build strategic interventions that foster equity and inclusion in urban spaces, grounded in the wellbeing priorities of vulnerable displaced groups. (v) Build student and academic capacity for current and future cross- and trans-disciplinary research, design and learning relating to migration management in cities. To achieve these objectives, the study is guided by an overarching research question: How to curate processes that foster displaced people to become part of the city, and to sustainably contribute to its economic development, socio-cultural cohesion and wellbeing? This question is broken down into four sub-questions: 1. Through what kinds of placemaking processes in physical and digital spaces do displaced people inhabit, build, make, give meaning and derive wellbeing? 2. In what ways and why do modalities of reception structure economic participation, socio-cultural cohesion and wellbeing outcomes for displaced people? 3. What is the role of urban informality, temporality and scale in placemaking processes and in the visions and functioning of modalities of reception? 4. What strategic architectural and policy interventions can advance equity and wellbeing for displaced communities in urban spaces? These questions, along with the wellbeing framework and the highly interdisciplinary methods that the study proposes, ensure that it addresses cross-cutting issues and themes highlighted by the study call, including urban inequalities, the (formal and informal) urban governance features, and practices that interact with vulnerable groups as they are engaged in placemaking processes to critically shape equity and wellbeing outcomes. The project will convene European and Indian social science and humanities research communities to jointly conduct cross-country investigations into urban protracted displacement across lower-middle income (India) and higher income countries (Finland, Norway, UK). The comparative case study analysis across cities of various scales (from town to megacity) will advance new empirical, conceptual and theoretical insights. This project also offers a unique approach to analysis and capacity building, making sure that the insights and skills gained amongst the consortium will last beyond the end of the project. We will systematically pair senior researchers and students from Architecture and Design studies and Social Sciences to advance a highly inter-disciplinary approach that has great potential to generate new insights and to advance architectural and policy solutions that address growing urban inequalities and economic development, and improve equity and socio-cultural wellbeing in a sustainable manner. This netnography was conducted using simple tools and can be easily replicated. A Facebook search for groups consisting of Latin migrants in London was performed with the ‘groups’ filter selected and city set to ‘London’. Two sets of keyword searches were carried out. The first included the words ‘Latin’, ‘Latino’, ‘Latina’, ‘Latinx’ combined with ‘London’, ‘Londres’ (Spanish), ‘Southwark’, or ‘Elephant’. The second set consisted of the English and Spanish variation of 20 Spanish speaking Latin American nationalities (e.g. Argentineans and Argentinos) combined with ‘London’ or ‘Londres’. 89 Groups were uncovered of which 51 public groups were analysed. Private groups were NOT analysed. Groups consisting of both Latino and Spaniards in London were not included. NViVo’s nCapture feature allows users to scrape data from Facebook group pages and export it into a spreadsheet. However, spreadsheet are only generated for posts loaded on a browser and only a few posts are visible when group pages are opened (approx. 10). Many of the pages analysed included thousands of posts making scrolling through pages inefficient. Instead, relevant posts were uncovered using Facebook’s Search button within each Facebook group located at the top right of each Group page (see photo below). The first search was for ‘Elephant’. This automatically returned misspelled variations of ‘Elephant’ like ‘Elefan’. This search returned posts mentioning E&C and posts where E&C was mentioned in a Post’s comments section. Searches were done for the Spanish words for ‘where’ (Donde) and ‘Does anyone know’ (Alguien Sabe). This returned further posts where users were referred to E&C in the comments and results where E&C was not recommended. Results and Individual posts were scraped using nCapture which converted the page into a PDF-like file. 350 individual posts were uploaded to NVivo where they were qualitatively coded and analyzed. Codes were derived through a brainstorming exercise after reviewing a set of 50 posts and tweaked to fit the paper’s theoretical framework. Unanticipated themes arising during the coding process were also added. Limitations It is unlikely all comments mentioning E&C were captured using this approach. Facebook does not make it clear under what conditions search results return comment mentions. Thus, this study can only claim to be illustrative rather than exhaustive.

Tutkimus käsitteli Suomea, suomalaisuutta, kansallista identiteettiä ja kansainvälistä vuorovaikutusta. Aluksi kysyttiin kuinka läheisiksi vastaajat tunsivat asuinkuntansa, asuinmaakuntansa, Suomen ja Euroopan. Seuraavaksi kysyttiin mitä ominaisuuksia ihmisissä pidettiin tärkeinä, että heitä voidaan pitää suomalaisina. Vastaajien tuntemaa ylpeyttä Suomesta kartoitettiin väittämillä, jotka käsittelivät mm. demokratiaa, kansainvälistä poliittista vaikutusvaltaa, taloudellisia saavutuksia, sosiaaliturvajärjestelmää, saavutuksia urheilussa, taiteessa ja kirjallisuudessa, armeijaa, historiaa sekä tasa-arvoa. Seuraavissa väittämissä käsiteltiin laajasti kansallisia ja kansainvälisiä toimia, mm. Suomen talouden suojelemista, ympäristön saastumista, Suomen omista eduista huolehtimista ja ulkomaalaisten maanosto-oikeutta. Esitettiin myös väittämiä monikansallisista yhtiöistä, vapaakaupasta sekä kansainvälisistä organisaatioista ja järjestöistä. Useat väittämät käsittelivät erilaisia rodullisia ja etnisiä ryhmiä, maahanmuuttajia sekä heidän kulttuuriaan ja tapojaan. Vastaajilta kysyttiin kuinka ylpeitä he olivat suomalaisuudestaan ja esitettiin väittämiä, jotka käsittelivät vahvojen isänmaallisten tunteiden vaikutuksia. Kysyttiin myös onko vastaaja Suomen kansalainen ja olivatko hänen vanhempansa vastaajan syntyessä Suomen kansalaisia. Euroopan unionia koskevissa kysymyksissä tiedusteltiin, kuinka paljon vastaajat olivat kuulleet tai lukeneet unionista, hyötyykö Suomi unionin jäsenyydestä sekä tuleeko unionin päätöksiä noudattaa vaikka olisi niistä eri mieltä. Haluttiin myös tietää pitäisikö Euroopan unionilla olla enemmän vai vähemmän valtaa kuin jäsenmaiden kansallisilla hallituksilla ja tiedusteltiin, miten vastaaja äänestäisi jos järjestettäisiin kansanäänestys siitä tulisiko Suomen pysyä Euroopan unionin jäsenenä vai erota siitä. Kyselyssä on runsaasti taustamuuttujia, mm. vastaajan sukupuoli, syntymävuosi, siviilisääty, koulutus, ammatti, ammattiasema, säännöllinen viikoittainen työaika, ammattiliiton jäsenyys, työnantajasektori, toimiala, poliittinen asennoituminen, kirkossakäynti, kirkon tai uskonnollisen yhteisön jäsenyys, yhteiskuntaluokka, bruttotulot, kotitalouden tulot, kotitalouden henkilömäärä ja ikärakenne, vastaajan asuinpaikkakunnan tyyppi ja asuinmaakunta. Puolison osalta mm. koulutus, ammatti, säännöllinen viikoittainen työaika, työnantajasektori ja toimiala. The survey studied national identity, national pride and national consciousness of the Finns, and their opinions on Finland's international influence and role, the European Union, the impact of immigration, immigrants, national minorities, and national culture. Questions charted identification with town/city, nation and Europe, most important characteristics for Finnish identity, and perceived pride in being a Finn, and pride in Finland due to democracy, scientific, economic, artistic or sports achievements, social security system, history, equality etc. Attitudes to the power of international institutions, international organisations or the EU to enforce policies in Finland, acquisition of land by foreigners, free trade, and impact of international companies to local business were investigated. Further questions surveyed whether national customs and traditions should be followed to achieve full nationality, should national minorities preserve their own culture, and should different racial and ethnic groups assimilate or retain their identity. Opinions on immigration policy, the rights of immigrants, impact of immigrants on Finnish society, consequences of patriotic feelings, and ethnic diversity in the workplace were charted. The respondents were also asked if they and their parents had Finnish citizenship. Background variables included the respondent's and spouse's gender, year of birth, education, employment, working hours, supervisory duties, occupation, economic activity and occupational status. Further background information included the respondent's membership in a trade union, religious affiliation, religious attendance, self-perceived social class, political party preference in elections, household composition, number of staff members in the workplace, and employer type.