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Spatial analysis at different levels can help understand spatial variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, disease drivers, and targeted interventions. Combining spatial analysis and the evaluation of the determinants of the HIV burden in Southern African countries is essential for a better understanding of the disease dynamics in high-burden settings.The study countries were selected based on the availability of demographic and health surveys (DHS) and corresponding geographic coordinates. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the determinants of HIV burden and assessed the presence and nature of HIV spatial autocorrelation in six Southern African countries.The overall prevalence of HIV for each country varied between 11.3% in Zambia and 22.4% in South Africa. The HIV prevalence rate was higher among female respondents in all six countries. There were reductions in prevalence estimates in most countries yearly from 2011 to 2020. The hotspot cluster findings show that the major cities in each country are the key sites of high HIV burden. Compared with female respondents, the odds of being HIV positive were lesser among the male respondents. The probability of HIV infection was higher among those who had sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the last 12 months, divorced and widowed individuals, and women aged 25 years and older.Our research findings show that analysis of survey data could provide reasonable estimates of the wide-ranging spatial structure of the HIV epidemic in Southern African countries. Key determinants such as individuals who are divorced, middle-aged women, and people who recently treated STIs, should be the focus of HIV prevention and control interventions. The spatial distribution of high-burden areas for HIV in the selected countries was more pronounced in the major cities. Interventions should also be focused on locations identified as hotspot clusters.
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This map displays the percentage of people ages 15+ with HIV that are female from the 2013 to 2014 dataset. According to the World Bank: "HIV prevalence rates reflect the rate of HIV infection in each country's population. Low national prevalence rates can be misleading, however. They often disguise epidemics that are initially concentrated in certain localities or population groups and threaten to spill over into the wider population. In many developing countries most new infections occur in young adults, with young women especially vulnerable. Data on HIV are from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Changes in procedures and assumptions for estimating the data and better coordination with countries have resulted in improved estimates of HIV and AIDS. The models, which are routinely updated, track the course of HIV epidemics and their impact, making full use of information in HIV prevalence trends from surveillance data as well as survey data. The models take into account reduced infectivity among people receiving antiretroviral therapy (which is having a larger impact on HIV prevalence and allowing HIV-positive people to live longer) and allow for changes in urbanization over time in generalized epidemics. The estimates include plausibility bounds, which reflect the certainty associated with each of the estimates."Source: The World Bank
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Bolivia BO: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data was reported at 0.100 % in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.100 % for 2021. Bolivia BO: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.100 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.100 % in 2022 and a record low of 0.100 % in 2022. Bolivia BO: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bolivia – Table BO.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Prevalence of HIV, male is the percentage of males who are infected with HIV. Youth rates are as a percentage of the relevant age group.;UNAIDS estimates.;Weighted average;In many developing countries most new infections occur in young adults, with young women being especially vulnerable.
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Brazil BR: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data was reported at 0.300 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.300 % for 2016. Brazil BR: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.300 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.300 % in 2017 and a record low of 0.200 % in 2002. Brazil BR: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Prevalence of HIV, male is the percentage of males who are infected with HIV. Youth rates are as a percentage of the relevant age group.;UNAIDS estimates.;Weighted average;In many developing countries most new infections occur in young adults, with young women being especially vulnerable.
This research aimed to help two project countries (Malawi and Lesotho) increase access to learning for students living in high HIV prevalence areas who were at risk of grade repetition or school drop-out, through (i) complementing classroom teaching with self-study learner guides to provide more open, distance and flexible delivery of the curriculum and (ii) strengthening community support for learning. The research objectives were: (1) To increase understanding of how open, distance and flexible learning (ODFL) can be used to address the factors that disrupt schooling by conducting research with school teachers and community members; (2) To design and implement an intervention in primary schools (Grade 6) in Malawi and Junior secondary schools (Grade B) in Lesotho over one school year (January to November 2009); (3)To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing student absenteeism, drop-out and grade-repetition using an experimental design; (4) To disseminate the new knowledge gained to enable appropriate, evidence informed policy development to better integrate and more open and flexible curriculum delivery into schools and strengthen community support for vulnerable learners. ODFL initiatives, structures and networks that are already in place to implement HIV/AIDS policies were firstly identified through analyses of secondary data. Case studies were developed in contrasting communities severely affected by HIV and AIDS to identify contextual factors that can lead to exclusion from conventional schooling and dropping out. The case studies are complemented by data collected using a range of approaches such as semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, informal discussions with family members, participatory activities and observation. Based on this formative research, a pilot intervention will then be made through secondary schools to identify and trial a small-scale ODFL intervention package designed to overcome the barriers to conventional schooling identified in the case studies. The intervention will be evaluated qualitatively and also quantitatively using an experimental design. The impact was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. In each country there were 20 schools in the intervention group and 20 schools in the control group. Data to evaluate the impact of the programme on school attendance, drop-out and grade repetition were collected before and after the intervention. Student achievement was assessed by testing children in Mathematics and English before and after the intervention. The study was conducted in 4 stages: (1) Sampling and randomization of schools; (2) Intervention design (informed by synthesizing existing knowledge, generating new knowledge and inviting critical comment from all stakeholders); (3) Intervention implementation; (4) Intervention evaluation. This study aimed to increase access to education and learning for young people living in high HIV prevalence areas in Malawi and Lesotho, by developing a new, more flexible model of education that uses open, distance and flexible learning (ODFL) to complement and enrich conventional schooling. The findings showed that in Malawi, the programme reduced overall student drop-out by 42% (OR=0.58). This effect was not significantly different among at-risk children targeted by the program and those not targeted in their class suggesting the intervention had spillover effects beyond the intended beneficiaries. There were improvements in mathematics scores for at risk students and a history of grade repetition was a better predictor of future drop-out than orphan-hood. In Lesotho the intervention reduced absenteeism and improved Mathematics and English scores. These findings suggest that the intervention reached the most vulnerable and was effective in increasing access to education and learning. The data collection includes: (I)Quantitative data from the intervention group schools and the control group schools in each of the two project countries to evaluate the impact of the intervention on school attendance, school drop-out and progression to the next grade;the quantitative data set for the Malawi data contains 438 variables for 3275 individuals(40 schools in 2 districts). The quantitative data set for the Lesotho data contains 56 variables for 5528 individuals(34 schools in 2 locations-high altitude and low altitude). Data ware collected from the intervention and the control schools during the pre-intervention baseline survey in October 2008, monthly monitoring forms and the post-intervention follow-up survey in November 2009. Data were collected using the following instruments: (1)pre-intervention pupil questionnaire to gather data on pupil characteristics; (2)pre-and post intervention tests in Mathematics and English;(3) a school checklist to collate data on attendance and progression from school records and monthly SOFIE monitoring forms) with additional questions included for intervention schools to collect data on process indicators during the mid-term and post intervention school visits); (4) pupil tracking records to maintain up-to-date information on pupil educational status. (II)Qualitative data were collected help explain the findings from the quantitative data by providing information on the implementation process and on how the intervention was received. These data were collected through SSIs with intervention class teachers, youth club leaders, school heads and members of the school management committee; FGDs with community members; workshops with ‘at-risk’ pupils to explore their views on schooling and on the intervention; and follow up interviews with workshop participants. (3) Diaries of Teacher's and Club-leader's(Scanned Documents) . The entities under study were in Malawi: primary school students in grade 6 and in Lesotho: junior secondary school students in class B (second year).
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Sweden SE: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data was reported at 0.100 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.100 % for 2015. Sweden SE: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.100 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.100 % in 2016 and a record low of 0.100 % in 2016. Sweden SE: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.World Bank: Health Statistics. Prevalence of HIV, male is the percentage of males who are infected with HIV. Youth rates are as a percentage of the relevant age group.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; Weighted average; In many developing countries most new infections occur in young adults, with young women being especially vulnerable.
The Philippines reported about 17,250 HIV cases, an increase of about 2,300 cases from the previous year. The number of reported HIV cases has gradually increased since 2012, aside from a significant dip in 2020. The state of HIV in the Philippines As the daily average number of people newly diagnosed with HIV increases, the risk it poses threatens the lives of Filipinos. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection that attacks the body’s immune system, with more males being diagnosed than females. In 2022, the majority of people newly diagnosed with HIV were those between the age of 25 and 34 years, followed by those aged 15 and 24. There is still no cure for HIV and without treatment, it could lead to other severe illnesses such as tuberculosis and cancers such as lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. However, HIV is now a manageable chronic illness that can be treated with proper medication. What are the leading causes of death in the Philippines? In 2023, preliminary figures indicate that ischaemic heart disease led to the deaths of about 124,500 people, making it the leading cause of death in the Philippines. The prevalence of heart diseases in the nation has been closely attributed to the Filipino diet, which was described as having a high fat, high cholesterol, and high sodium content. In addition, acute respiratory infections and hypertension also registered the highest morbidity rate among leading diseases in the country in 2021.
Users can access data related to international women’s health as well as data on population and families, education, work, power and decision making, violence against women, poverty, and environment. Background World’s Women Reports are prepared by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). Reports are produced in five year intervals and began in 1990. A major theme of the reports is comparing women’s situation globally to that of men in a variety of fields. Health data is available related to life expectancy, cause of death, chronic disease, HIV/AIDS, prenatal care, maternal morbidity, reproductive health, contraceptive use, induced abortion, mortality of children under 5, and immunization. User functionality Users can download full text or specific chapter versions of the reports in color and black and white. A limited number of graphs are available for download directly from the website. Topics include obesity and underweight children. Data Notes The report and data tables are available for download in PDF format. The next report is scheduled to be released in 2015. The most recent report was released in 2010.
This dataset provides supply chain health commodity shipment and pricing data. Specifically, the data set identifies Antiretroviral (ARV) and HIV lab shipments to supported countries. In addition, the data set provides the commodity pricing and associated supply chain expenses necessary to move the commodities to countries for use. The dataset has similar fields to the Global Fund's Price, Quality and Reporting (PQR) data. PEPFAR and the Global Fund represent the two largest procurers of HIV health commodities. This dataset, when analyzed in conjunction with the PQR data, provides a more complete picture of global spending on specific health commodities. The data are particularly valuable for understanding ranges and trends in pricing as well as volumes delivered by country. The US Government believes this data will help stakeholders make better, data-driven decisions. Care should be taken to consider contextual factors when using the database. Conclusions related to costs associated with moving specific line items or products to specific countries and lead times by product/country will not be accurate.
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Mexico MX: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data was reported at 0.200 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.200 % for 2016. Mexico MX: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.200 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.200 % in 2017 and a record low of 0.100 % in 2009. Mexico MX: Prevalence of HIV: Male: % Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Prevalence of HIV, male is the percentage of males who are infected with HIV. Youth rates are as a percentage of the relevant age group.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; Weighted average; In many developing countries most new infections occur in young adults, with young women being especially vulnerable.
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Laos LA: Prevalence of HIV: Female: % Aged 15-24 data was reported at 0.100 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.100 % for 2016. Laos LA: Prevalence of HIV: Female: % Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.100 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.200 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.100 % in 2017. Laos LA: Prevalence of HIV: Female: % Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Prevalence of HIV, female is the percentage of females who are infected with HIV. Youth rates are as a percentage of the relevant age group.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; Weighted average; In many developing countries most new infections occur in young adults, with young women especially vulnerable.
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Methods for estimating pneumonia child mortality in all countries (U5MR: under five mortality rate, GNI PPP: gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity, VR: vital registration, HIV ANC: index score for HIV prevalence based on the antenatal care surveillance; China U5MR in 2008 was 20.5/1000lb, however it was included in the Verbal autopsy model given that this country's profile is closer to the one of the high mortality countries and its GNI PPP was
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HIV literature has grown exponentially since it was named the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Bibliometric analysis is a practical approach for quantitatively and qualitatively assessing scientific research. This work aims to describe HIV research output in Africa by country from 1986 until 2020. We conducted a search of the PubMed database in June 2021 for a 35-year period spanning 1986 to 2020. We comparatively weighed for countries’ populations, gross domestic product (GDP), and the number of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) by calculating the ratio of the number of publications from each country. We used Poisson regression models to explore the trends in countries’ HIV research output over the study period. The Pearson correlation analysis assessed the association between research output, population size, GDP, and the number of PLHIV.A total of 83,527 articles from African countries on HIV indexed in PubMed were included for analysis. Republic of South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, and Nigeria account for 54% of the total indexed publications with 33.2% (26,907); 8.4% (7,045); 7.3% (6,118); and 5.1% (4,254), respectively. Africa’s proportion of the world’s total HIV publications increased from 5.1% in 1986 to 31.3% in 2020. There was a strong positive and statistically significant correlation between the total indexed HIV publications and countries’ GDP (r = 0.59, P
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Although HIV caused one of the worst epidemics since the late twentieth century, China and the U.S. has made substantial progress to control the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, the trends of HIV/AIDS incidence remain unclear in both countries. Therefore, this study aimed to highlight the long-term trends of HIV/AIDS incidence by gender in China and the U.S. population. The data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database since it would be helpful to assess the impact/role of designed policies in the control of HIV/AIDS incidence in both countries. The age-period-cohort (APC) model and join-point regression analysis were employed to estimate the age-period-cohort effect and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) on HIV incidence. Between 1994 and 2019, we observed an oscillating trend of the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in China and an increasing ASIR trend in the U.S. Despite the period effect in China declined for both genders after peaked in 2004, the age effect in China grew among the young (from 15–19 to 25–29) and the old age groups (from 65–69 to 75–79). Similarly, the cohort effect increased among those born in the early (from 1924–1928 to 1934–1938) and the latest birth groups (from 1979–1983 to 2004–2009). In the case of the U.S., the age effect declined after it peaked in the 25–29 age group. People born in recent birth groups had a higher cohort effect than those born in early groups. In both countries, women were less infected by HIV than men. Therefore, besides effective strategies and awareness essential to protect the young age groups from HIV risk factors, the Chinese government should pay attention to the elderly who lacked family support and were exposed to HIV risk factors.
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India IN: Newly Infected with HIV: Children: Aged 0-14 data was reported at 3,700.000 Number in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,400.000 Number for 2016. India IN: Newly Infected with HIV: Children: Aged 0-14 data is updated yearly, averaging 10,450.000 Number from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,000.000 Number in 1998 and a record low of 2,500.000 Number in 1990. India IN: Newly Infected with HIV: Children: Aged 0-14 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank: Health Statistics. Number of children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; ;
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The 2006-07 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 9,804 women age 15-49 and 3,915 men age 15-49. The 2006-07 NDHS is the third comprehensive survey conducted in Namibia as part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme. The data are intended to provide programme managers and policymakers with detailed information on levels and trends in fertility; nuptiality; sexual activity; fertility preferences; awareness and use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; nutritional status of mothers and young children; early childhood mortality, adult and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; and awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. The 2006-07 NDHS is the first NDHS survey to collect information on malaria prevention and treatment. The 2006-07 NDHS has been a large-scale research project. Twenty-eight field teams interviewed about 9,200 households, 9,800 women and 3,900 men age 15-49. The interviews were conducted between November 2006 and March 2007. The survey covered about 500 primary sampling units in all regions. The 2006-07 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey is designed to: Determine key demographic rates, particularly fertility, under-five mortality, and adult mortality rates; Investigate the direct and indirect factors that determine the level and trends of fertility; Measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice among women and men by method; Determine immunisation coverage and prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and acute respiratory diseases among children under five; identify infant and young child feeding practices and assess the nutritional status of children age 6-59 months and women age 15-49 years; Assess knowledge and attitudes of women and men regarding sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, and evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use; Identify behaviours that protect or predispose people to HIV infection and examine social, economic, and cultural determinants of HIV; Determine the proportion of households with orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs); and Determine the proportion of households with sick people taken care of at household level. The 2006-07 NDHS is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). DHS surveys are designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health; assist countries in conducting periodic surveys to monitor changes in population, health, and nutrition; and provide an international database that can be used by researchers investigating topics related to population, health, and nutrition. MAIN RESULTS Fertility : The survey results show that Namibia has experienced a decline in fertility of almost two births over the past 15 years, with the fertility rate falling from 5.4 births per woman in 19901992 to 3.6 births in 2005-07. Family planning : Knowledge of family planning in Namibia has been nearly universal since 1992. In the 2006-07 NDHS, 98 percent of all women reported knowing about a contraceptive method. Male condoms, injectables, and the pill are the most widely known methods. Child health : Data from the 2006-07 NDHS indicate that the under-five mortality rate in Namibia is 69 deaths per 1,000 live births (based on the five-year period preceding the survey). Maternal health : In Namibia, almost all women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey received antenatal care from health professionals (95 percent): 16 percent from a doctor and 79 percent from a nurse or midwife. Only 4 percent of mothers did not receive any antenatal care. Breastfeeding and nutrition : Breastfeeding is common in Namibia, with 94 percent of children breastfed at some point during childhood. The median breastfeeding duration in Namibia is 16.8 months. Malaria: One in four households interviewed in the survey has at least one mosquito net, and most of these households have a net that has been treated at some time with an insecticide (20 percent). HIV/AIDS and STIS : Knowledge of HIV and AIDS is universal in Namibia; 99 percent of women age 15-49 and 99 percent of men age 15-49 have heard of AIDS. Orphans and vulnerable children : One-quarter of Namibian children under age 18 in the households sampled for the 2006-07 NDHS live with both parents, while one in three does not live with either parent. Seventeen percent of children under age 18 are orphaned, that is, one or both parents is dead. Access to health facilities : Households interviewed in the 2006-07 NDHS were asked to name the nearest government health facility, the mode of transport they would use to visit the facility, and how long it takes to get to the facility using the transport of choice.
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United States US: Incidence of HIV: per 1,000 Uninfected Population data was reported at 0.110 Ratio in 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.110 Ratio for 2018. United States US: Incidence of HIV: per 1,000 Uninfected Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.120 Ratio from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2019, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.130 Ratio in 2012 and a record low of 0.110 Ratio in 2019. United States US: Incidence of HIV: per 1,000 Uninfected Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Number of new HIV infections among uninfected populations expressed per 1,000 uninfected population in the year before the period.;UNAIDS estimates.;Weighted average;This is the Sustainable Development Goal indicator 3.3.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].
Enter your study abstract here This dissertation explores the role that organizational learning processes play in state HIV/AIDS policy development. The puzzle addressed is the large degree of variation in policy output across states that are similar in terms of political or economic structure. Although one can tell individual stories about each country, the overall variation defies the cross-applicability of typical explanations. Where states better draw lessons from experience we s hould expect two re- sults. First, structural characteristics of the state or of the set of HIV policy responders affects the character and degree of learning: the configuration of decision-making authority and information analytics interact with the learning process, affecting the lessons drawn and policies pursued. Second, over time we observe some degree of policy convergence among states due to comparison and adaptation from others. The dissertation employs a mixed-methods approach. As a plausibility probe, I employ econometric analysis to test for such patterns. I constructed an original dataset of 72 countries over 6 years and approximately 25 variables. To address data missingness, I employed multiple imputation techniques. I find statistically and substantively significant relationships and patterns, as above, indicating fur- ther exploration of the underlying processes. I then test the theory via process-tracing case study comparisons of Mexi- can and Botswanan HIV/AIDS policy development over the last two decades. Drawing on written accounts, periodical articles, government documents, and oral interviews, I examine how the availability, management, and application of information affected the policies pursued. In Mexico, two factors have helped to drive success: first, the set of organizations working on HIV/AIDS policy are or- ganized as a loose network with the specialized government HIV agency serving as the hub of decisions and information exchange; second, a stable (but open) set of people have participated over the whole period. Botswana’s success has been more mixed; although its very high adult prevalence levels contribute, organiza- tional learning factors also play a role. HIV policy response actors are arranged anarchically and there have been multiple centers of authority. This has detracted from the ability to prospect and identify relevant information and then draw ac- tionable conclusions. Complete date fields below for: time period covered; and date of collection
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The United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has been credited with saving millions lives and helping to change the trajectory of the global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. This study assesses whether PEPFAR has had impacts beyond health by examining changes in five economic and educational outcomes in PEPFAR countries: the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth rate; the share of girls and share of boys, respectively, who are out of school; and female and male employment rates. We constructed a panel data set for 157 low- and middle-income countries between 1990 and 2018 to estimate the macroeconomic impacts of PEPFAR. Our PEPFAR group included 90 countries that had received PEPFAR support over the period. Our comparison group included 67 low- and middle-income countries that had not received any PEPFAR support or had received minimal PEPFAR support (
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Kenya KE: Incidence of HIV: % of Uninfected Population Aged 15-49 data was reported at 0.250 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.270 % for 2015. Kenya KE: Incidence of HIV: % of Uninfected Population Aged 15-49 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.420 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.860 % in 1992 and a record low of 0.250 % in 2016. Kenya KE: Incidence of HIV: % of Uninfected Population Aged 15-49 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kenya – Table KE.World Bank: Health Statistics. Number of new HIV infections among uninfected populations ages 15-49 expressed per 100 uninfected population in the year before the period.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; Weighted Average;
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Spatial analysis at different levels can help understand spatial variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, disease drivers, and targeted interventions. Combining spatial analysis and the evaluation of the determinants of the HIV burden in Southern African countries is essential for a better understanding of the disease dynamics in high-burden settings.The study countries were selected based on the availability of demographic and health surveys (DHS) and corresponding geographic coordinates. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the determinants of HIV burden and assessed the presence and nature of HIV spatial autocorrelation in six Southern African countries.The overall prevalence of HIV for each country varied between 11.3% in Zambia and 22.4% in South Africa. The HIV prevalence rate was higher among female respondents in all six countries. There were reductions in prevalence estimates in most countries yearly from 2011 to 2020. The hotspot cluster findings show that the major cities in each country are the key sites of high HIV burden. Compared with female respondents, the odds of being HIV positive were lesser among the male respondents. The probability of HIV infection was higher among those who had sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the last 12 months, divorced and widowed individuals, and women aged 25 years and older.Our research findings show that analysis of survey data could provide reasonable estimates of the wide-ranging spatial structure of the HIV epidemic in Southern African countries. Key determinants such as individuals who are divorced, middle-aged women, and people who recently treated STIs, should be the focus of HIV prevention and control interventions. The spatial distribution of high-burden areas for HIV in the selected countries was more pronounced in the major cities. Interventions should also be focused on locations identified as hotspot clusters.