Data set from the article Van Bulck L, Goossens E, Luyckx K, Apers S, Oechslin E, Thomet C, Budts W, Enomoto J, Sluman MA, Lu CW, Jackson JL, Khairy P, Cook SC, Chidambarathanu S, Alday L, Eriksen K, Dellborg M, Berghammer M, Johansson B, Mackie AS, Menahem S, Caruana M, Veldtman G, Soufi A, Fernandes SM, White K, Callus E, Kutty S, Moons P; APPROACH-IS consortium and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). Healthcare system inputs and patient-reported outcomes: a study in adults with congenital heart defect from 15 countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Jun 3;20(1):496. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05361-9. PMID: 32493367; PMCID: PMC7268498.

This is the abstract:

Background: The relationship between healthcare system inputs (e.g., human resources and infrastructure) and mortality has been extensively studied. However, the association between healthcare system inputs and patient-reported outcomes remains unclear. Hence, we explored the predictive value of human resources and infrastructures of the countries' healthcare system on patient-reported outcomes in adults with congenital heart disease.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3588 patients with congenital heart disease (median age = 31y; IQR = 16.0; 52% women; 26% simple, 49% moderate, and 25% complex defects) from 15 countries. The following patient-reported outcomes were measured: perceived physical and mental health, psychological distress, health behaviors, and quality of life. The assessed inputs of the healthcare system were: (i) human resources (i.e., density of physicians and nurses, both per 1000 people) and (ii) infrastructure (i.e., density of hospital beds per 10,000 people). Univariable, multivariable, and sensitivity analyses using general linear mixed models were conducted, adjusting for patient-specific variables and unmeasured country differences.

Results: Sensitivity analyses showed that higher density of physicians was significantly associated with better self-reported physical and mental health, less psychological distress, and better quality of life. A greater number of nurses was significantly associated with better self-reported physical health, less psychological distress, and less risky health behavior. No associations between a higher density of hospital beds and patient-reported outcomes were observed.

Conclusions: This explorative study suggests that density of human resources for health, measured on country level, are associated with patient-reported outcomes in adults with congenital heart disease. More research needs to be conducted before firm conclusions about the relationships observed can be drawn.

2019 Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) Visual Dashboard and Map:
https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6

• Confirmed Cases by Country/Region/Sovereignty
• Confirmed Cases by Province/State/Dependency
• Deaths
• Recovered

Downloadable data:
https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19

Additional Information about the Visual Dashboard:
https://systems.jhu.edu/research/public-health/ncov

From the selected regions, the ranking by number of hospitals is led by China with 37,627 hospitals and is followed by the Nigeria (23,640 hospitals). In contrast, the ranking is trailed by Seychelles with one hospitals, recording a difference of 37,626 hospitals to China. Depicted is the number of hospitals in the country or region at hand. As the OECD states, the rules according to which an institution can be registered as a hospital vary across countries.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The current healthcare spending ranking is led by the United States with 5 trillion U.S. dollars, while China is following with 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars. In contrast, Gambia is at the bottom of the ranking with 83.51 million U.S. dollars, showing a difference of 5 trillion U.S. dollars to the United States. According to Worldbank health spending includes expenditures with regards to healthcare services and goods. The spending refers to current spending of both governments and consumers.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

Comparing the 148 selected regions regarding the average number of hospital beds available per 1,000 people , South Korea is leading the ranking (12.98 beds) and is followed by Japan with 12.5 beds. At the other end of the spectrum is Burkina Faso with 0.18 beds, indicating a difference of 12.8 beds to South Korea. Depicted is the number of hospital beds per capita in the country or region at hand. As defined by World Bank this includes inpatient beds in general, specialized, public and private hospitals as well as rehabilitation centers.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The number of hospital beds in Spain was forecast to continuously decrease between 2024 and 2029 by in total 2.6 thousand beds (-1.95 percent). After the tenth consecutive decreasing year, the number of hospital beds is estimated to reach 130.51 thousand beds and therefore a new minimum in 2029. Depicted is the estimated total number of hospital beds in the country or region at hand.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The current healthcare spending per capita in Spain was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 1,455.4 U.S. dollars (+36.54 percent). After the seventh consecutive increasing year, the spending is estimated to reach 5,438.18 U.S. dollars and therefore a new peak in 2029. Depicted here is the average per capita spending, in a given country or region, with regards to healthcare. The spending refers to the average current spending of both governments and consumers per inhabitant.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The current healthcare spending in Spain was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 67.4 billion U.S. dollars (+35.62 percent). After the seventh consecutive increasing year, the spending is estimated to reach 256.4 billion U.S. dollars and therefore a new peak in 2029. According to Worldbank health spending includes expenditures with regards to healthcare services and goods. The spending refers to current spending of both governments and consumers.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The current health expenditure as a share of the GDP in Spain was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total one percentage points. After the seventh consecutive increasing year, the share is estimated to reach 11.95 percent and therefore a new peak in 2029. According to Worldbank health spending includes expenditures with regards to healthcare services and goods. It is depicted here in relation to the total gross domestic product (GDP) of the country or region at hand.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The number of hospitals in Spain was forecast to remain on a similar level in 2029 as compared to 2024 with 775 hospitals. According to this forecast, the number of hospitals will stay nearly the same over the forecast period. Depicted is the number of hospitals in the country or region at hand. As the OECD states, the rules according to which an institution can be registered as a hospital vary across countries.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The share of the population with overweight in Spain was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 1.5 percentage points. After the fifteenth consecutive increasing year, the overweight population share is estimated to reach 73.3 percent and therefore a new peak in 2029. Notably, the share of the population with overweight of was continuously increasing over the past years.Overweight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The number of physicians in Spain was forecast to increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 1.9 thousand physicians (+0.85 percent). This overall increase does not happen continuously, notably not in 2029. The number of physicians is estimated to amount to 224.32 thousand physicians in 2029. Depicted here is the estimated number of physicians in the geographical unit at hand. Thereby physicians include medical specialists as well as general practitioners.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The alcohol consumption per capita in Spain was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 0.2 liters (+1.8 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the per capita consumption is estimated to reach 11.27 liters and therefore a new peak in 2029. Depicted is the estimated alcohol consumption in the country or region at hand.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

The smoking prevalence in Spain was forecast to continuously decrease between 2024 and 2029 by in total 1.7 percentage points. After the eighth consecutive decreasing year, the smoking prevalence is estimated to reach 25.11 percent and therefore a new minimum in 2029. Shown is the estimated share of the adult population (15 years or older) in a given region or country, that smoke on a daily basis. According to the WHO and World bank, smoking refers to the use of cigarettes, pipes or other types of tobacco.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).