This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset provides values for PRIVATE DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset provides values for HOUSEHOLDS DEBT TO INCOME reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Context

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects. The World Bank's stated goal is the reduction of poverty. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank

Content

This dataset contains both national and regional debt statistics captured by over 200 economic indicators. Time series data is available for those indicators from 1970 to 2015 for reporting countries.

For more information, see the World Bank website.

Fork this kernel to get started with this dataset.

Acknowledgements

https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/dataset/bigquery-public-data:world_bank_intl_debt

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/public-data/world-bank-international-debt

Citation: The World Bank: International Debt Statistics

Dataset Source: World Bank. This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source - http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy - and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Banner Photo by @till_indeman from Unplash.

Inspiration

What countries have the largest outstanding debt?

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/images/outstanding-debt.png" alt="enter image description here"> https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/images/outstanding-debt.png

This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Total external debt is debt owed to non residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private non-guaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in million current U.S. dollars. This Data set uses 0 = no value, however the original data source uses -9999 as its original value. Data was found online at http://geodata.grid.unep.ch

The financial indicators are based on data compiled according to the 2008 SNA "System of National Accounts, 2008". Many indicators are expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or as a percentage of Gross Disposable Income (GDI) when referring to the Households and NPISHs sector. The definition of GDP and GDI are the following:

Gross Domestic Product:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is derived from the concept of value added. Gross value added is the difference of output and intermediate consumption. GDP is the sum of gross value added of all resident producer units plus that part (possibly the total) of taxes on products, less subsidies on products, that is not included in the valuation of output [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 2.138]. GDP is also equal to the sum of final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured at purchasers’ prices, less the value of imports of goods and services [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 2.139]. GDP is also equal to the sum of primary incomes distributed by producer units [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 2.140].

Gross Disposable Income:
Gross Disposable Income (GDI) is equal to net disposable income which is the balancing item of the secondary distribution income account plus the consumption of fixed capital. The use of the Gross Disposable Income (GDI), rather than net disposable income, is preferable for analytical purposes because there are uncertainty and comparability problems with the calculation of consumption of fixed capital. GDI measures the income available to the total economy for final consumption and gross saving [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 2.145].

Definition of Debt:
Debt is a commonly used concept, defined as a specific subset of liabilities identified according to the types of financial instruments included or excluded. Generally, debt is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Consequently, all debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 22.104]. According to the SNA, most debt instruments are valued at market prices. However, some countries do not apply this valuation, in particular for securities other than shares, except financial derivatives (AF33). In this dataset, for financial indicators referring to debt, the concept of debt is the one adopted by the SNA 2008 as well as by the International Monetary Fund in “Public Sector Debt Statistics – Guide for compilers and users” (Pre-publication draft, May 2011). Debt is thus obtained as the sum of the following liability categories, whenever available / applicable in the financial balance sheet of the institutional sector:special drawing rights (AF12), currency and deposits (AF2), debt securities (AF3), loans (AF4), insurance, pension, and standardised guarantees (AF6), and other accounts payable (AF8). This definition differs from the definition of debt applied under the Maastricht Treaty for European countries. First, gross debt according to the Maastricht definition excludes not only financial derivatives and employee stock options (AF7) and equity and investment fund shares (AF5) but also insurance pensions and standardised guarantees (AF6) and other accounts payable (AF8). Second, debt according to Maastricht definition is valued at nominal prices and not at market prices.

To view other related indicator datasets, please refer to:
Institutional Investors Indicators [add link]
Household Dashboard [add link]

Total outstanding debt of the U.S. government reported daily. Includes a breakout of intragovernmental holdings (federal debt held by U.S. government) and debt held by the public (federal debt held by entities outside the U.S. government).

Time series data for the statistic External_Debt_Stocks_Total_$ and country Dominican Republic. Indicator Definition:Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.The statistic "External Debt Stocks Total $" stands at 52,256,628,608.70 Dominican Pesos as of 12/31/2023, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 8.32 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 8.32.The 3 year change in percent is 28.84.The 5 year change in percent is 64.00.The 10 year change in percent is 118.12.The Serie's long term average value is 11,218,392,136.14 Dominican Pesos. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 365.81 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +13,314.68%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2023, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic External_Debt_Stocks_Total_$ and country Paraguay. Indicator Definition:Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.The statistic "External Debt Stocks Total $" stands at 26,135,416,108.00 Paraguayan Guaranýs as of 12/31/2023, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 5.45 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 5.45.The 3 year change in percent is 26.06.The 5 year change in percent is 52.10.The 10 year change in percent is 58.45.The Serie's long term average value is 7,175,312,453.28 Paraguayan Guaranýs. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 264.24 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +18,033.00%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2023, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 0.0%.

'Quarterly government debt' is defined as the total gross debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of each quarter for the general government sector (ref. Regulation (EU) No 549/2013, Annex B transmission programme, definition of general government sector ESA 2010 §2.111).

Data are measured in million Euro, million of national currency units, percentage of GDP and percentage of total consolidated debt.

Data cover EU Member States, Iceland and Norway.

Quarterly data on government debt is provided according to the provisions of the European System of Accounts ESA 2010 (Regulation (EU) No 549/2013).

Data is transmitted by national authorities (National Statistical Institutes, National Central Banks or Ministries of Finance).

Time series data for the statistic External_Debt_Stocks_Total_$ and country Turkey. Indicator Definition:Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.The statistic "External Debt Stocks Total $" stands at 499,842,484,724.00 Turkish Liras as of 12/31/2023, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 9.16 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 9.16.The 3 year change in percent is 16.30.The 5 year change in percent is 17.11.The 10 year change in percent is 24.28.The Serie's long term average value is 161,541,400,372.72 Turkish Liras. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 209.42 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +18,099.56%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2023, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 0.0%.

This dataset provides values for PRIVATE DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Time series data for the statistic External_Debt_Stocks_Total_$ and country Senegal. Indicator Definition:Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.The statistic "External Debt Stocks Total $" stands at 39,950,111,016.70 West African Cfa Francs as of 12/31/2023, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 23.94 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 23.94.The 3 year change in percent is 66.93.The 5 year change in percent is 110.47.The 10 year change in percent is 388.34.The Serie's long term average value is 6,288,493,965.89 West African Cfa Francs. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 535.29 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +27,403.82%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2023, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 0.0%.

This dataset displays the total Portfolio Investment Assets by country at year end of 2005. By selecting each attribute country, the map will show the amount in which other countries are investing assets into the selected country. The purpose of the CPIS is to collect information on the stock of cross-border holdings of equities and long- and short-term debt securities valued at market prices prevailing at the time of the CPIS, and broken down by the economy of residence of the issuer. The CPIS calls for data on holdings of securities at end-December of the reference year. In addition to this core (i.e., mandated) set of data, the CPIS also encourages the reporting of supplementary information that is considered to be useful, as indicated below. Data available from the IMF directly at: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/pi/geo.htm Access Date: November 27, 2007

Introduction

This dataset contains information on how to fairly distribute the mitigation efforts that countries need to undertake to together achieve certain climate goals. There is no single answer to this question, but we explore this topic by looking at various global emissions pathways, and subsequently allocate these emissions to countries using different effort-sharing rules. This data is applied in a preprint of a scientific article where we explore implications of justice on NDCs and international mitigation finance.

The research behind this dataset is still under development and therefore this dataset is not final. Our scientific work is still under revision so the data is subject to potential changes upon peer review of this publication. Nevertheless, because (a version of) this data is already used in the Carbon Budget Explorer and in scientific projects, we feel it should be available and versioned. Hence these releases of a preliminary version.

Carbon Budget Explorer

We also published this work on a website called the Carbon Budget Explorer: an online interactive tool that allows users to navigate through these results, without having to download and plot the data themselves. It is free and publicly available at www.carbonbudgetexplorer.eu. Currently, the Carbon Budget Explorer relies on a previous version of this dataset (version 0.1, unpublished, but available upon request). The Explorer will be updated with new data early 2025 (i.e., with the version presented in this data repository).

Data description

Default (DefaultAllocations.zip and DefaultReductions.zip)

For many users, these are the main datafiles. Per country and region, allocations and reduction targets are shown for two trajectories, which are associated with 1.5 (with slight overshoot: peak temperature 1.6) and 2.0 degree pathways, and default settings across all other dimensions. The exact parameters used in these precooked pathways are shown in Table 1 (see "Dimensions"). The reductions_default_*.csv files show data along the same structure, also using the default pathways, but contain the emission reductions with respect to 2015 rather than absolute allocations.

Global pathways (GlobalPathways.zip)

Allocating emissions to countries starts with determining global emissions pathways. The files in GlobalPathways.zip contain projected global emissions on GHG, CO2 and non-CO2 levels, constrained by various global settings (see below) such as temperature targets and derived CO2 budgets. The pathway shapes are informed by mitigation scenarios from the IPCC AR6 database. The starting values are all harmonized with 2021 historical datapoints. For convenience, the emissionspathways_default.csv datafile provides the pathways with default settings (see Table 1, column 'Default'). The complete dataset can be found in emissionspathways_all.csv.

Emission allocations (Allocations.zip -> allocations_*.nc)

The emissions from the global pathways can be divided among countries according to different allocation rules (see 'Allocation rules' for more information). Files of the format allocations_region.nc indicate allocations according to all allocation rules, parameters and global choices, for a single region. Because of the high number of parameters and dimensions, these files are shared in NetCDF (.nc) format. NetCDF files are commonly used for storing multidimensional scientific data and can be displayed, analyzed and read/written using GIS systems (such as ArcGIS, QGIS), MATLAB funcions (such as nccreate, ncread), R (e.g. using the ncdf4 package) and Python (e.g. using the xarray package).

Input data (Inputdata.zip)

Additional input data coming from third parties, such as population and GDP data, is stored in Inputdata.zip. We prepared these input data sources in the exact same format as the rest for convenience of the user, but we would like to emphasize that the appropriate references should be cited. For further information, please check 'Input data sources'.

CO2 budgets

A file has been added in the version 0.3.1, including cumulative CO2 budgets. How they are calculated, is slightly different for each rule (only PC, AP and ECPC are included here), because of the varying nature of these allocation rules. The PC budget is simply the fraction of the remaining carbon budget determined by a country's 2021 population share. The AP budget is computed by adding all positive CO2 allocations according to the AP rule. The ECPC budget is the full-century budget: that is, historical leftover (or debt) plus a country's fair per capita share between 2021-2100. Note that there is not necessarily a one-to-one relation between these budgets and the CO2 part of the allocation files (Allocations.zip). For example, the PC budget uses 2021 population, while the allocation files use year-to-year population numbers (also if they change in the future). We have the ambition to, in next versions, expand this dataset to account for and vary the choices one can make in this regard.

Allocation rules

Below you can find a summarized description of all allocation rules. More detailed information can be found in Van den Berg et al. (2020), as well as in a scientific paper (preprint) expected in summer 2024. The rules have a variety of parameters, each included as dimensions in the data. See Table 1, in "Dimensions", for details.

• The (immediate) 'Per Capita' method (PC) uses a country's population share in the global population and allocates future emissions accordingly. Naturally, socio-economic conditions affect this method. Therefore, all five SSPs are used in our analysis.
• 'Grandfathering' (GF) is a method that preserves current emission fractions. In other words, all countries reduce their emissions proportional to their current share. Note that this rule is controversial and is commonly not regarded as fair (see Rajamani et al. 2021). It is include here for reference only.
• The 'Per Capita Convergence' (PCC) method starts as 'Grandfathering', but converges over time to a 'Per Capita' basis. An additional important parameter here is the year at which this convergence completes.
• The 'Per Capita via Budget' (PCB_lin) method is a specific implementation of distributing the total CO2 budget on a per capita basis, and then drawing a linear line from current emissions down to net-zero CO2. A median non-CO2 path is added to end up with a total greenhouse gas emissions line. This is similar to, for example, Fekete et al. (2022).
• The 'Ability to Pay' (AP) method allocates emissions inversely related to the GDP per capita of countries. Also this method is dependent on the socio-economic scenario.
• The 'Equal Cumulative Per Capita' (ECPC) method builds on the per-capita convergence method, also accounts for historical responsibility: throughout the convergence period, countries resolve historical 'debt' or 'leftover' from what countries would have emitted if it had emissions according to a per capita share in the past. Note: this method has been significantly revised in version 0.4. In earlier versions, resolving of historical responsibility was only achieved by 2100, postponing most debt.
• The 'Greenhouse Development Rights' (GDR) method is, in the short run, based on a Responsibility-Capability Index, and in the long run based on GDP per capita (similar to 'Ability to Pay').

Dimensions

Table 1 - Data dimensions

Norway NO: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Manufacture of Food Products: Beverages and Tobacco Products data was reported at 1,264.000 NOK mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 856.000 NOK mn for 2022. Norway NO: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Manufacture of Food Products: Beverages and Tobacco Products data is updated yearly, averaging 1,264.000 NOK mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,793.000 NOK mn in 2015 and a record low of 282.000 NOK mn in 2020. Norway NO: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Manufacture of Food Products: Beverages and Tobacco Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment:Reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) is treated as portfolio investment. A survey is underway to evaluate the importance of reverse investment in equity. Netting of reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for listed outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Book values. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are partially covered. Collective investment institutions are partially covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Time series data for the statistic External_Debt_Stocks_Total_$ and country Jordan. Indicator Definition:Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.The statistic "External Debt Stocks Total $" stands at 44,629,840,154.70 Jordanian Dinars as of 12/31/2023, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 8.25 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 8.25.The 3 year change in percent is 17.33.The 5 year change in percent is 39.79.The 10 year change in percent is 94.02.The Serie's long term average value is 12,408,854,771.70 Jordanian Dinars. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 259.66 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +37,374.84%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2023, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic External_Debt_Stocks_Total_$ and country Haiti. Indicator Definition:Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.The statistic "External Debt Stocks Total $" stands at 2,637,609,831.70 Haitian Gourdes as of 12/31/2023, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 2.97 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 2.97.The 3 year change in percent is 13.77.The 5 year change in percent is 18.82.The 10 year change in percent is 68.07.The Serie's long term average value is 1,101,348,455.47 Haitian Gourdes. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 139.49 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1971, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +5,171.32%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2023, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic External_Debt_Stocks_Total_$ and country Nepal. Indicator Definition:Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.The statistic "External Debt Stocks Total $" stands at 9,968,496,284.00 Nepalese Rupees as of 12/31/2023, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 8.54 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 8.54.The 3 year change in percent is 26.09.The 5 year change in percent is 80.89.The 10 year change in percent is 148.41.The Serie's long term average value is 2,650,806,480.32 Nepalese Rupees. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 276.06 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +262,172.89%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2023, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 0.0%.