A collection of in situ manual and automated (snow pillow) SWE observations from Finland, Canada and Russia collected in the ERA-CLIM-2 project. Data coverage is shown on the map. The average value for each snow course is provided. Measurements from 1935 to 2014 are available. The exact measurement protocol varies between Finland, Russia and Canada. The length of the snow course varies, as does the distance between manual SWE measurements. In closed forests in Russia, the length of the snow survey is 500 m with snow depth measured at 10 m intervals, and snow density every 100 m. In open canopy forested regions the length of the snow survey is 1 km, while in steppes the length of the snow survey is 2 km. For both of these land cover types, snow depth is measured every 20 m, and snow density at 200 m intervals (sometimes every 100 m). Measured snow depth and snow density were averaged along the path, and water equivalent calculated as SWE = 10dh (mm), where d = density (g/cm3) and h = depth (cm). In Finland, the procedure is similar to Russia. A snow course is from 2 to 4 km long and each course is measured once or twice a month. Snow depth is measured every 100 m and density every 500 m. The courses in Canada are shorter, typically 5-40 samples of snow depth and density.

Two bathymetric maps were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, one for the Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean, and one for the Aleutian Trench and Bering Sea. The 2 maps overlap near the Bering Strait. Bathymetric contours were generated from several published sources. It is unclear whether new soundings were collected for these maps. The northern map extends from Wrangel Island, Russia to MacKenzie Bay, Canada, and north to 76 N latitude. The southern map extends from Shelikof Bay, Russia, to the western tip of the Alaska Peninsula, USA, and south to 48 N latitude. Bathymetric contours are at 400 meter intervals with 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, and 200 meter contours added. Contours above 50 meters are rare, and never along the Russian coast. Hard-copy maps were published by the USGS in 1976 and digitized by the Alaska Science Center in 1997. In digital format, the 2 maps have been connected where they overlap in the Bering Strait.

Peat plateaus are widespread at high northern latitudes and are important soil organic carbon reservoirs. A warming climate can cause either increased ground subsidence (thermokarst) resulting in lake formation or increased drainage as the permafrost thaws. A better understanding of spatiotemporal variations in these landforms in relation to climate change is important for predicting the future thawing permafrost carbon feedback. In this study, dynamics in thermokarst lake extent during the last 35-50 years has been quantified through time series analysis of aerial photographs and high-resolution satellite images (IKONOS/QuickBird) in three peat plateau complexes, spread out across the northern circumpolar region along a climatic and permafrost gradient. From the mid-1970s until the mid-2000s there has been an increase in mean annual air temperature, winter precipitation, and ground temperature in all three study areas. The two peat plateaus located in the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zones, respectively, where mean annual air temperatures are below -5°C and ground temperatures are -2°C or colder, have experienced small changes in thermokarst lake extent. In the peat plateau located in the sporadic permafrost zone where the mean annual air temperature is around -3°C, and the ground temperature is close to 0°C, lake drainage and infilling with fen vegetation has been extensive and many new thermokarst lakes have formed. In a future progressively warmer and wetter climate permafrost degradation can cause significant impacts on landscape composition and greenhouse gas exchange also in areas with extensive peat plateaus, which presently still experience stable permafrost conditions.

The G7 is a forum designed for frank and open discussion between leaders, ministers and policy-makers. As a member of the G7, Canada plays a leading role on the international stage and is able to advance domestic and international priorities. The G7 provides global leadership and serves as a powerful catalyst on issues that are later taken up by other fora with broader global and regional membership. The G7 brings together the world’s advanced economies to influence global trends and tackle pervasive and crosscutting issues, as well as emergent global crises. The G7 has strengthened international economic and security policies, advanced discussion of global issues including climate change and gender equality, brought donors together and supported disarmament programs. Most recently, the G7 has worked to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and respond to Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine. At the G7, Canada has advanced its domestic and international priorities, including gender equality, peace and security, climate change and building a sustainable global economy. Transparent and inclusive engagement with Canadian and international stakeholders has helped Canada to deliver on priorities that are important to Canadians.

We surveyed 10,208 people from more than 15 countries on their mobile app usage behavior. The countries include USA, China, Japan, Germany, France, Brazil, UK, Italy, Russia, India, Canada, Spain, Australia, Mexico, and South Korea. We asked respondents about: (1) their mobile app user behavior in terms of mobile app usage, including the app stores they use, what triggers them to look for apps, why they download apps, why they abandon apps, and the types of apps they download. (2) their demographics including gender, age, marital status, nationality, country of residence, first language, ethnicity, education level, occupation, and household income (3) their personality using the Big-Five personality traits This dataset contains the results of the survey.

The G7 is a forum designed for frank and open discussion between leaders, ministers and policy-makers. As a member of the G7, Canada plays a leading role on the international stage and is able to advance domestic and international priorities. The G7 provides global leadership and serves as a powerful catalyst on issues that are later taken up by other fora with broader global and regional membership. The G7 brings together the world’s advanced economies to influence global trends and tackle pervasive and crosscutting issues, as well as emergent global crises. The G7 has strengthened international economic and security policies, advanced discussion of global issues including climate change and gender equality, brought donors together and supported disarmament programs. Most recently, the G7 has worked to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and respond to Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine. At the G7, Canada has advanced its domestic and international priorities, including gender equality, peace and security, climate change and building a sustainable global economy. Transparent and inclusive engagement with Canadian and international stakeholders has helped Canada to deliver on priorities that are important to Canadians.

In view of the scarcity of satellite image datasets for smoke classification under normal and challenging environment, 'IIITDMJ Smoke' dataset was collected that contains satellite images from MODIS satellite. The dataset consists of 23, 644 images divided into four categories: ‘smoke’, ‘non-smoke’, ‘smoke with fog’ and ‘non-smoke with fog’. Total of 4784 smoke, and 6820 non-smoke images were collected from different regions of Russia, Australia, United States, Canada, Amazon rainforest, etc.

The G7 is a forum designed for frank and open discussion between leaders, ministers and policy-makers. As a member of the G7, Canada plays a leading role on the international stage and is able to advance domestic and international priorities. The G7 provides global leadership and serves as a powerful catalyst on issues that are later taken up by other fora with broader global and regional membership. The G7 brings together the world’s advanced economies to influence global trends and tackle pervasive and crosscutting issues, as well as emergent global crises. The G7 has strengthened international economic and security policies, advanced discussion of global issues including climate change and gender equality, brought donors together and supported disarmament programs. Most recently, the G7 has worked to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and respond to Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine. At the G7, Canada has advanced its domestic and international priorities, including gender equality, peace and security, climate change and building a sustainable global economy. Transparent and inclusive engagement with Canadian and international stakeholders has helped Canada to deliver on priorities that are important to Canadians.

This comprehensive river discharge database covers the entire pan-Arctic drainage system. The collection comprises data from 9138 gauges and contains monthly river discharge data extending from the 1890s (for four Canadian and five Russian gauges) through the early 1990s, but the majority of data was collected between 1960 and 2001. The pan-Arctic drainage region covers a land area of approximately 21 million km2 and drains into the Arctic Ocean as well as Hudson Bay, James Bay, and the Northern Bering Strait. The collection also includes the Yukon and Anadyr River basins. Most of the drainage basins in the database are greater than 15,000 km2; however, the collection includes all available gauge data from Canada and Russia. Data from gauges measuring large drainage areas are of greatest interest to the regional, continental, and global-scale scientific community for modeling purposes. Individual station data are accessible through a graphical interface, or as tab-delimited ASCII text. Tab-delimited ASCII data are also compiled by hydrological region and as a single file for the complete data set.

PREDICT includes statistics on ICT industries and their R&D in Europe since 2006. The project covers major world competitors including 40 advanced and emerging countries - the EU28 plus Norway, Russia and Switzerland in Europe, Canada, the United States and Brazil in the Americas, China, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in Asia, and Australia -. The dataset provides indicators in a wide variety of topics, including value added, employment, labour productivity and business R&D expenditure (BERD), distinguishing fine grain economic activities in ICT industries (up to 22 individual activities, 14 of which at the class level, i.e. at 4 digits in the ISIC/NACE classification), media and content industries (15 activities, 11 of them at 4 digit level) and at a higher level of aggregation for all the other industries in the economy. It also produces data on Government financing of R&D in ICTs, and total R&D expenditure. Nowcasting of more relevant data in these domains is also performed until a year before the reference date, while time series go back to 1995.

ICTs determine competitive power in the knowledge economy. The ICT sector alone originates almost one fourth of total Business expenditure in R&D (BERD) for the aggregate of the 40 economies under scrutiny in the project. It also has a huge enabling role for innovation in other technological domains. This is reflected at the EU policy level, where the Digital Agenda for Europe in 2010 was identified as one of the seven pillars of the Europe 2020 Strategy for growth in the Union; and the achievement of a Digital Single Market (DSM) is one of the 10 political priorities set by the Commission since 2015.

The 2021 PREDICT Dataset updates and substitutes the 2020 PREDICT Dataset.

PREDICT includes statistics on ICT industries and their R&D in Europe since 2006. The project covers major world competitors including 40 advanced and emerging countries - the EU28 plus Norway, Russia and Switzerland in Europe, Canada, the United States and Brazil in the Americas, China, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in Asia, and Australia -. The dataset provides indicators in a wide variety of topics, including value added, employment, labour productivity and business R&D expenditure (BERD), distinguishing fine grain economic activities in ICT industries (up to 22 individual activities, 14 of which at the class level, i.e. at 4 digits in the ISIC/NACE classification), media and content industries (15 activities, 11 of them at 4 digit level) and at a higher level of aggregation for all the other industries in the economy. It also produces data on Government financing of R&D in ICTs, and total R&D expenditure. Nowcasting of more relevant data in these domains is also performed until a year before the reference date, while time series go back to 1995.

ICTs determine competitive power in the knowledge economy. The ICT sector alone originates almost one fourth of total Business expenditure in R&D (BERD) for the aggregate of the 40 economies under scrutiny in the project. It also has a huge enabling role for innovation in other technological domains. This is reflected at the EU policy level, where the Digital Agenda for Europe in 2010 was identified as one of the seven pillars of the Europe 2020 Strategy for growth in the Union; and the achievement of a Digital Single Market (DSM) is one of the 10 political priorities set by the Commission since 2015.

Major findings of the Survey of Living Conditions in the Arctic (SLiCA) are: (1) A combination of traditional activities and cash employment is the prevailing lifestyle of Arctic indigenous peoples; (2) family ties, social support of each other, and traditional activities have a lot to do with why indigenous people choose to remain in Arctic communities; (3) well-being is closely related to job opportunities, locally available fish and game, and a sense of local control. Well-being and depression (and related problems like suicide) are flip sides of the same coin. Improving well-being may reduce social problems; and, (4) health conditions vary widely in the Arctic: three-in-four Greenlandic Inuit self-rate their health as at least very good compared with one-in-two Canadian and Alaska Inuit and one-in-five Chukotka indigenous people. Findings are based on 7,200 interviews in a probability sample of Inupiat settlement regions of Alaska, the four Inuit settlement regions of Canada, all of Greenland, and the Anadyrskij, Anadyr, Shmidtovs, Beringovskij, Chukotskij, Iujl'tinskij, Bilibinskij, Chaunskij, Providenskij, Uel'Kal' districts of Chukotka. Indigenous people and researchers from Greenland, Russia, Canada, the United States, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland collaborated on all phases of the study. Data extracted in the frame of a joint ICSTI/PANGAEA IPY effort, see http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.150150 Supplement to: Kruse, Jack; Poppel, Birger; Abryutina, Larissa; Duhaime, Gerard; Martin, Stephanie; Poppel, Mariekathrine; Kruse, Margaret; Ward, Ed; Cochran, Patricia; Hanna, Virgene (2009): Survey of Living Conditions in the Arctic (SLiCA). In: Møller, Valerie; Huschka, Denis; Michalos, Alex C. (eds.), Barometers of Quality of Life Around the Globe, Social Indicators Research Series, 33, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 107-134

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Reference Map Series, 1961 to 2010, is a map which has detailed coverage of all parts of the world north of approximately 55 degrees North (and south of this latitude for the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk areas). The map uses the Azimuthal equidistant projection. The map shows national and provincial-level boundaries for Canada, Greenland and Russia, and gives names for the province-level units. Included with the boundaries is Canada's 200 mile limit. The set of places denotes national and province-level capitals. Other places are not differentiated in any way (such as by size). Road and rail lines are shown for all thematic areas. No relief shading is used, nor is there any bathymetric information. An interesting feature is showing three levels of ice extent: the minimum, median and maximum ice-edges. Coverage data is as of 1996 but accurate provisional boundaries of Nunavut are also shown. This map should not be used as it has some erroneous colouring in the non-thematic areas. The map was superseded by MCR 1 and the 2000 and 2004 versions of MCR 001.

This CD-ROM publication provides a GIS analysis of a summary terrane map, mineral deposit maps, and metallogenic belt maps for the Russian Far East, Alaska, Canadian Cordillera and adjacent offshore areas. This CD-ROM publication is one of a series of publications for a large collaborative project on the Major Mineral Deposits, Metallogenesis, and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera. This project is providing critical information for collaborators and customers on the major metalliferous mineral resources, metallogenic patterns, and crustal origin and evolution of mineralizing systems for the region. The major collaborating agencies for the project are the Russian Academy of Sciences, ROSKOMNEDRA, the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, the Geological Survey of Canada, the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska, Michigan State University, and Exxon Production Research. Other Western supporters of the project are Stanford University, the Northwest Mining Association, the Alaska Miners Association, and the Society of Economic Geologists.

Permafrost is an essential element of the cryosphere, which will be strongly affected by global warming. Although permafrost cannot be measured directly with remote sensing, many permafrost features are observable. Polarimetric information can be used in this context. Polarimetric data of TerraSAR-X is the basis for a local landcover classification presented here, which reflects different scattering mechanisms. The resulting classification aims on the identification of process areas and periglacial features such as thaw slumps (bare wet surfaces) and thaw lakes as well as wetland areas.The following regions are covered in the dataset: Barrow (Alaska), Mackenzie Delta (Canada), Kytalyk (Russia), Lena Delta (Russia), Vaskiny Dachi (Russia), Herschel Island (Canada). Supplement to: Widhalm, Barbara; Bartsch, Annett; Roth, Achim; Leibman, Marina O (2018): Classification of Tundra Regions with Polarimetric Terrasar-X Data. IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,22-27 July 2018, Valencia, Spain, 8551-8554