• Nationality of the interviewee.
• Most important problems in Spain. Problems that, personally, most affect you.
• Assessment of the protection offered by the State to different groups: elderly people living alone, unemployed pensioners and immigrants.
• Definition of immigration.
• Nationalities of immigrants.
• Estimation of the number of foreigners residing in Spain and in their place of residence.
• Assessment of the volume of immigrants living in Spain.
• Importance (0-10) of different aspects to allow the entry of an immigrant to Spain: good educational level, relatives living nearby, speak Spanish or regional language,...
• More appropriate policy regarding the entry of illegal immigrant workers and persons who have applied for political asylum. Tolerance with the laws regulating the entry of immigrants into Spain.
• Assessment (0-10) of the coexistence in Spanish society of people from different countries, cultures, religions and races.
• Treatment of foreign immigrants by Spaniards. Factor influencing such treatment.
• Positioning before the rights that stable and legal immigrants should have: family reunification, receipt of unemployment benefit, right to vote in municipalities, possibility of creating associations, and obtaining Spanish nationality.
• Agreement with phrases on health care and immigrants: the quality decreases due to the presence of immigrants, preference of Spaniards in access to health care,...
• Agreement with phrases on education and immigrants: the quality decreases due to the presence of immigrants, preference of Spaniards in access to a school place, investment should be increased,...
• Assessment of the compensation received by immigrants for what they contribute.
• Positive and negative aspects of immigration.
• Responsible for the integration of immigrants into society.
• Permissiveness with cultural and religious aspects of immigrants.
• Contribution of immigrants to the enrichment of Spanish culture.
• Agreement with phrases about the world of work and immigrants: they work in occupations that the Spaniards do not want, they work for lower wages, they take jobs,... Approval of situations resulting from the relationship between immigrants and natives: excluding a student for wearing a veil, hiring a Spaniard before an immigrant, protests over the construction of a mosque, expelling criminal immigrants.
• Immigration assessment for Spain Acceptance of various types of relationship with immigrants: cohabitation in the same neighborhood, in the same house, renting an apartment, at work, marriage / friendship with a child, ...
• Type of personal relationship of the interviewee with immigrants in Spain: neighborhood, friendship, work and family.
• Sympathy and antipathy towards different groups of immigrants. Reason for antipathy.
• Frequency of violent actions by immigrants against Spaniards.
• Justification of racism by violent phenomena of immigrants against Spaniards.
• Acceptance of a racist party in Spain.
• Punishment of citizens who utter racist insults.
• Perception of comments against immigrants.
• Origin of anti-immigrant comments.
• Attention paid in the media to the issue of immigration.
• The media's assessment of the image of immigration.
• Scale of trust in people and self-definition of racist of the person interviewed.
• Ideological self-location of the interviewee (0-10).
• Voter turnout and recall in the 2008 general election.
• Possession of children of non-university school age and type of school in which they study.
• Type of health service, public or private, used.
• Stay at the place of residence of the interviewee. Time of residence in the city / town for those who have not always resided in the same place.
• Residence abroad of parents/relatives.
• Religious practice.
• Assessment of personal economic situation. Possibility of having been unemployed or threatened in the last 5 years. Country of birth.

This research adds to the expanding field of data-driven analysis, scientific modeling, and forecasting on the impact of having access to the Internet and IoT on the general US population regarding immigrants and immigration policies. More specifically, this research focuses on the public opinion of undocumented immigrants in the United States and having access to the Internet in their local settings. The term Undocumented Immigrants refers to those who live in the United States without legal papers, documents, or visas. Undocumented immigrants may have come into the country unlawfully or with valid documentation, but their legal status has expired. Using the 2020 American National Election Studies (ANES) time series dataset, I investigated the relationship between internet access (A2I) and public perception of undocumented immigrants. According to my research and analysis, increasing internet access among non-Hispanic whites with at least a bachelors degree with an annual household income of less than 99K is more likely to oppose the deportation of undocumented immigrants and separating unaccompanied children from their families in borderland areas. The individuals with substantial Republican political ideology exhibit significantly lower opposing effects in deporting undocumented immigrants or separating unaccompanied children from their families. The evidence from multiple statistical models is resilient to a variety of factors. The findings show that increased internet access may improve undocumented immigrants social integration and acceptability. During health emergencies, it may be especially beneficial to make them feel safe, included, and supported in their local settings.

Attitudes towards the topics of internal security, asylum, immigration and counter-terrorism. 1. Internal security: subjective feeling of security or concern about criminal attacks; assessment of relevant sources of fear of crime (e.g. through portrayals of violence on television, through the daily news about crime and criminality, own experiences of victimisation, etc.); concern about concrete crimes (attacks by Islamist terrorists, organised criminal gangs from abroad, young people´s propensity to violence, theft and assaults on the open street, break-ins and break-ins of cars, violence in the family, police assaults); assessment of policy efforts to ensure security; assessment of appropriate security measures (more visible presence of police and law enforcement officers, faster deportation of foreign criminals, law enforcement officers in public transport, video surveillance of public places and in public transport vehicles, tougher penalties, more intensive police checks on motorways, stronger internet surveillance, more social prevention projects for young people); assessment of stronger cooperation between different German and international security bodies (police authorities of the Federation and the federal states, police and intelligence services of the EU states, resp. police and intelligence services of Germany and the USA); attitude towards video surveillance in public places (feeling of security or rather of unease or both at the same time); attitude towards data retention. 2. Attitudes towards asylum and immigration: Dealing with refugees with rejected asylum applications (deportation or toleration under certain conditions); concern about the increase in the number of refugees; concrete concerns regarding the topic of asylum and refugees in Germany (alienation, increasing criminality, rise in right-wing radicalism, loss of German identity, increase in illegal immigrants in the country, excessive demands on social security systems); necessity of selected measures to improve and tighten asylum law (immediate deportation in the case of rejected asylum applications, work permits for asylum seekers, toleration despite rejection of the asylum application, stricter examination of the grounds for asylum); assessment of selected criteria for immigration to Germany (occupation in demand, family members in Germany, young or old, political persecution in home country, university degree, good knowledge of German, no criminal offences in home country, desire for education); opinion on the immigration of highly qualified skilled workers from abroad; assessment of the domestic significance of German immigration policy; assessment of the importance of a welcoming culture for immigrants; immigrants feel welcome vs. not welcome in Germany. 3. Counter-terrorism: assessment of the danger of terrorist attacks in Germany; assessment of the federal government´s efforts with regard to protection against a terrorist attack; opinions on punishment of financial supporters and of sympathisers of terrorist organisations. Demography: sex; age; highest level of education; employment; occupational status; marital status (household structure); religious denomination; net household income. Additionally coded were: Respondent ID; weighting factor; city size; federal state. Einstellungen zu den Themen Innere Sicherheit, Asyl, Einwanderung und Terrorbekämpfung. 1. Innere Sicherheit: Subjektives Sicherheitsgefühl bzw. Sorge vor kriminellen Übergriffen; Einschätzung von maßgeblichen Quellen für Kriminalitätsfurcht (z. B. durch Gewaltdarstellungen im Fernsehen, durch die täglichen Nachrichten über Verbrechen und Kriminalität, eigene Viktimisierungserfahrungen, etc.); Sorge vor konkreten Verbrechen (Anschläge islamistischer Terroristen, organisierte kriminelle Banden aus dem Ausland, Gewaltbereitschaft Jugendlicher, Diebstahl und Überfälle auf offener Straße, Einbrüche und Aufbrechen von Autos, Gewalt in der Familie, Polizeiübergriffe); Beurteilung der Bemühungen der Politik, Sicherheit zu gewährleisten; Beurteilung von geeigneten Sicherheitsmaßnahmen (mehr sichtbare Präsenz von Polizei und Ordnungskräften, schnellere Abschiebung von ausländischen Straftätern, Ordnungskräfte im öffentlichen Nahverkehr, Videoüberwachung öffentlicher Plätze und in Nahverkehrsmitteln, härtere Strafen, intensivere Polizeikontrollen auf Autobahnen, stärkere Internetüberwachung, mehr soziale Präventionsprojekte für Jugendliche); Beurteilung der stärkeren Zusammenarbeit von verschiedenen deutschen und internationalen Sicherheitsorganen (Polizeibehörden von Bund und Ländern, Polizei und Nachrichtendienste der EU-Staaten bzw. Polizei und Nachrichtendienste von Deutschland und den USA); Einstellung zur Videoüberwachung auf öffentlichen Plätzen (Gefühl von Sicherheit oder eher von Unbehagen oder beides gleichzeitig); Einstellung zur Vorratsdatenspeicherung. 2. Einstellungen zu Asyl und Einwanderung: Umgang mit Flüchtlingen mit abgelehntem Asylantrag (Abschiebung oder Duldung unter bestimmten Bedingungen); Sorge um Anstieg der Flüchtlingszahlen; konkrete Sorgen in Bezug das Thema Asyl und Flüchtlinge in Deutschland (Überfremdung, steigende Kriminalität, Anstieg des Rechtsradikalismus, Verlust der deutschen Identität, Zuwachs an Illegalen im Land, Überforderung der sozialen Sicherungssysteme); Notwendigkeit ausgewählter Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung und Verschärfung des Asylrechts (sofortige Abschiebung bei abgelehnten Asylanträgen, Arbeitserlaubnis für Asylbewerber, Duldung trotz Ablehnung des Asylantrags, strengere Prüfung der Asylgründe); Beurteilung ausgewählter Kriterien für die Einwanderung nach Deutschland (nachgefragter Beruf, Familienangehörige in Deutschland, jung oder alt, politische Verfolgung im Heimatland, Universitätsabschluss, gute Deutschkenntnisse, keine Straftaten im Heimatland, Ausbildungswunsch); Meinung zur Zuwanderung hochqualifizierter Fachkräfte aus dem Ausland; Beurteilung der innenpolitischen Bedeutsamkeit der deutschen Einwanderungspolitik; Beurteilung der Wichtigkeit einer Willkommenskultur für Einwanderer; Einwanderer fühlen sich in Deutschland willkommen vs. nicht willkommen. 3. Terrorbekämpfung: Einschätzung der Gefahr terroristischer Anschläge in Deutschland; Einschätzung der Bemühungen der Bundesregierung im Hinblick auf den Schutz vor einem terroristischen Anschlag; Meinungen zu Bestrafung von finanziellen Unterstützern und von Sympathiewerbern von Terrororganisationen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Erwerbstätigkeit; berufliche Stellung; Familienstand (Haushaltsstruktur); Konfession; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen. Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Befragten-ID; Gewichtungsfaktor; Ortsgröße; Bundesland.

Attitude towards the enlargement of the EU. Topics: awareness of the enlargement of the European Union by May 2004; knowledge which countries will join; personal visits to the new member states; assessment of the readiness of the EU for the enlargement; most important aspects to cope with the enlargement; attitude towards selected statements on the political impact of the enlargement of the European Union: will reduce risks of war and conflicts in Europe, moral duty to reunite Europe after the Cold War, stronger influence of the EU on a global level, expensive for the own country, less important role of the own country in Europe, more difficult to take decisions on EU level, loss of contact to citizens, justified due to historical and geographical reasons; attitude towards the following statements on the impact of the enlargement of the European Union: opening of new markets, settling of citizens from other member states in the own country, easier control of illegal immigration, more difficult to tackle crime and drug smuggling, easier to tackle environmental problems, increase of unemployment in the own country, falling standard of social welfare in the own country, expansion of the agricultural sector of the own country to new markets, cultural enrichment; attitude towards models of enlargement: acceptance of more than the 13 current candidate countries, agreement on the final borders of the EU before any further enlargement, development of an alternative relationship. Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; region; type of community. Additionally coded was: country; weighting factor. Einstellungen zur EU-Erweiterung. Themen: Kenntnis über die EU-Erweiterung; Kenntnis der ab Mai 2004 neu hinzukommenden EU-Mitgliedsstaaten; frühere Besuche in den 10 neuen Mitgliedsstaaten; Einschätzung der Vorbereitung der EU auf die Erweiterung; präferierte Maßnahmen der EU im Zuge der Erweiterung: Reform der EU-Institutionen, Förderung der Demokratisierung von Entscheidungsprozessen in der EU, verstärkte Betonung auf Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, Konzentration auf Unterstützungsleistungen für die neuen Mitgliedsstaaten, Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen alten und neuen Mitgliedsstaaten; Einstellungen zu politischen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen der EU-Erweiterung: Reduzierung der Kriegsgefahr in Europa, moralische Verpflichtung zur Vereinigung Europas, größerer politischer Einfluss Europas in der Welt, finanzielle Belastungen für das eigene Land, Verlust von politischem Einfluss des eigenen Landes innerhalb der EU, Verlust der Bürgernähe der EU-Institutionen, Erschwerung von politischen Entscheidungen, historische und geographische Faktoren als Rechtfertigung für die EU-Erweiterung, Stärkung der landeseigenen Wirtschaft durch größeren Absatzmarkt, Erhöhung der Einwanderung in das eigene Land, erleichterte Kontrolle der illegalen Einwanderung, erschwerte Bekämpfung von Kriminalität, bessere Zusammenarbeit beim europaweiten Umweltschutz, Erhöhung der Arbeitslosigkeit im eigenen Land, Absenkung des Wohlstandsniveaus im eigenen Land, Erhöhung der kulturellen Vielfalt in der EU; Einstellung zu künftigen Erweiterungen der EU. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Land; Gewichtungsfaktor.

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about national consciousness and national identity. Solidarity with the part of town, the city, the region, the nation and with the respective continent as well as readiness to leave these regions to improve work or housing situation; importance of national unity; most important characteristics for national identity; identification with one´s own nation (scale); national pride; perceived pride in the democracy of the country, the political influence of the country in the world, the economic successes, the welfare-state services, the scientific achievements, the athletic successes, the achievements in art or literature, the military forces, the history and equal rights of all social groups in the country; preference for protective duty to support the national economy; attitude to the right of international institutions to enforce solutions to be accepted nationally; attitude to improved foreign language instruction in schools; attitude to enforcing national interests regarding other countries; rejection of acquisition of land by foreigners in one´s country; preference for national films and national television stations; attitude to government support of national minorities to preserve their customs and habits; preference for assimilation of minorities or retention of their identity; hostility to foreigners and prejudices against immigrants (scale); attitude to a reduction of immigration of foreigners; attitude to the right to asylum for politically persecuted refugees; origins from a rural or urban region; length of residence at current place of residence; length of stays abroad; native language; knowledge of foreign languages; citizenship; citizenship of parents at birth of respondent; citizenship of ancestors; perceived national affiliation and strength of this feeling of solidarity; advantageousness of membership of the country in the organization encompassing countries (such as e.g. EU); attitude to stricter measures regarding illegal immigrants; city size; superior function; union membership; self-assessment of social class; religiousness; party preference. Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu nationalem Bewusstsein und nationaler Identität. Verbundenheit mit dem Stadtteil, der Stadt, der Region, der Nation und mit dem jeweiligen Kontinent sowie Bereitschaft, diese Regionen zur Verbesserung der Arbeits- oder Wohnsituation zu verlassen; Wichtigkeit der nationalen Einheit; wichtigste Merkmale für nationale Identität; Identifikation mit der eigenen Nation (Skala); Nationalstolz; empfundener Stolz auf die Demokratie des Landes, auf den politischen Einfluß des Landes in der Welt, auf die wirtschaftlichen Erfolge, die sozialstaatlichen Leistungen, die wissenschaftlichen Errungenschaften, die sportlichen Erfolge, die Leistungen in Kunst bzw. Literatur, die Streitkräfte, die Geschichte und die Gleichberechtigung aller gesellschaftlichen Gruppen im Lande; Präferenz für Schutzzölle zur Stützung der nationalen Wirtschaft; Einstellung zum Recht internationaler Institutionen zum Durchsetzen von national zu akzeptierenden Lösungen; Einstellung zu einem verbesserten Fremdsprachenunterricht in Schulen; Einstellung zum Durchsetzen nationaler Interessen gegenüber anderen Ländern; Ablehnung des Grunderwerbs durch Ausländer im eigenen Land; Präferenz für nationale Filme und nationale Fernsehprogramme; Einstellung zur staatlichen Unterstützung von nationalen Minderheiten zum Erhalt ihrer Sitten und Gebräuche; Präferenz zur Assimilation von Minderheiten oder Beibehalt ihrer Identität; Ausländerfeindlichkeit und Vorurteile gegen Einwanderer (Skala); Einstellung zu einer Reduzierung der Zuwanderung von Ausländern; Einstellung zum Asylrecht für politisch verfolgte Flüchtlinge; Herkunft aus einer ländlichen oder städtischen Region; Wohndauer am derzeitigen Wohnort; Dauer von Auslandsaufenthalten; Muttersprache; Fremdsprachenkenntnisse; Staatsangehörigkeit; Staatsangehörigkeit der Eltern bei Geburt des Befragten; Staatsangehörigkeit der Vorfahren; empfundene nationale Zugehörigkeit und Stärke dieses Verbundenheitsgefühls; Vorteilhaftigkeit der Mitgliedschaft des Landes in der länderübergreifenden Organisation (wie z.B. EU; Einstellung zu verschärften Maßnahmen gegenüber illegalen Zuwanderern; Ortsgröße; Vorgesetztenfunktion; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Selbsteinschätzung der Schichtzugehörigkeit; Religiosität; Parteipräferenz.

The short survey on current questions on migration / integration was conducted by the opinion research institute Kantar Public on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. During the survey period 26.04.2023 to 02.05.2023, the German-speaking population aged 14 and over was asked in telephone interviews (CATI) about their attitudes to migration and integration. The focus is on attitudes to refugee issues, in particular to possible problems in the municipalities and to European measures in the field of immigration regulation. Respondents were selected by a multi-stage random sample within the framework of a multi-topic survey (Emnid bus) including landline and mobile phone numbers (dual-frame sample). Concerns about the current refugee numbers in Germany; short-term and long-term prognosis regarding the advantages or disadvantages for Germany of taking in refugees; attitude towards taking in more refugees from Ukraine; attitude towards taking in more refugees from other countries; Germany´s commitment with regard to the refugee situation in Europe in comparison to the other European states; appropriate measures to reduce the number of refugees in the long term (consistently and quickly deport rejected asylum seekers, carry out border controls within the EU, fight smuggling gangs that bring refugees to Europe illegally more strongly, grant refugees no or only very little financial support from the state, control the external borders of the EU more strongly, ensure better living conditions in the countries of origin, improve living conditions in refugee camps outside the EU); perception of problems related to refugees in the spatial environment; naming of concrete problems (open); more financial support for municipalities by the federal government in accommodating and caring for refugees vs. the federal government already does enough. Demography: sex; age; education; occupation; household size; number of persons in the household aged 14 and over; party preference; voter eligibility; net household income; survey via mobile or landline. Additionally coded: consecutive respondent number; weighting factor; interview date; city size (BIK city size and political city size); federal state; survey area west/east. Die Kurzumfrage über aktuelle Fragen zur Migration / Integration wurde vom Meinungsforschungsinstitut Kantar Public im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung durchgeführt. Im Erhebungszeitraum 26.04.2023 bis 02.05.2023 wurde die deutschsprachige Bevölkerung ab 14 Jahren in telefonischen Interviews (CATI) zu ihrer Einstellung zu Migration und Integration befragt. Schwerpunkt ist dabei die Einstellung zu Flüchtlingsfragen, insbesondere zu möglichen Problemen in den Kommunen und zu europäischen Maßnahmen im Bereich der Zuwanderungsregelung. Die Auswahl der Befragten erfolgte durch eine mehrstufige Zufallsstichprobe im Rahmen einer Mehrthemenbefragung (Emnid-Bus) unter Einschluss von Festnetz- und Mobilfunknummern (Dual-Frame Stichprobe). Sorgen über die aktuellen Flüchtlingszahlen in Deutschland; kurzfristige und langfristige Prognose hinsichtlich der Vorteile oder Nachteile für Deutschland durch die Aufnahme von Flüchtlingen; Einstellung zur Aufnahme weiterer Flüchtlinge aus der Ukraine; Einstellung zur Aufnahme weiterer Flüchtlinge aus anderen Ländern; Engagement Deutschlands im Hinblick auf die Flüchtlingssituation in Europa im Vergleich zu den anderen europäischen Staaten; geeignete Maßnahmen zur langfristigen Reduzierung der Flüchtlingszahlen (abgelehnte Asylbewerber konsequent und schnell abschieben, innerhalb der EU Grenzkontrollen durchführen, Schlepperbanden, die Flüchtlinge illegal nach Europa bringen, stärker bekämpfen, Flüchtlingen keine oder nur sehr geringe finanzielle Unterstützung vom Staat gewähren, Außengrenzen der EU stärker kontrollieren, in den Herkunftsländern für bessere Lebensbedingungen sorgen, Lebensbedingungen in Flüchtlingslagern außerhalb der EU verbessern); Wahrnehmung von Problemen im Zusammenhang mit Flüchtlingen im räumlichen Umfeld; Benennung konkreter Probleme (offen); mehr finanzielle Unterstützung der Kommunen durch den Bund bei der Unterbringung und Versorgung von Flüchtlingen vs. der Bund tut bereits genug. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Bildung; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltsgröße; Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt ab 14 Jahren; Parteipräferenz; Wahlberechtigung; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Erhebung per Mobilfunk oder Festnetz. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: laufende Befragtennummer; Gewichtungsfaktor; Interviewdatum; Ortsgröße (BIK-Ortsgröße und politische Ortsgröße); Bundesland; Befragungsgebiet West/Ost.

Attitude towards the enlargement of the EU. Topics: awareness of the enlargement of the European Union; attitude towards the enlargement of the European Union; naming of three applying countries; attitude towards the following statements on the accession of the applying countries: should all become members as quickly as possible, should become members but not all at the same time, only some should become members, none of these countries should become member; expected time for the first candidate countries to join the EU; importance of the enlargement for the own country; importance of the enlargement for respondent; attitude towards selected statements on the political impact of the enlargement of the European Union: will reduce risks of war and conflicts in Europe, moral duty to reunite Europe after the Cold War, stronger influence of the EU on a global level, expensive for the own country, less important role of the own country in Europe, more difficult to take decisions on EU level, loss of contact to citizens, justified due to historical and geographical reasons; attitude towards the following statements on the impact of the enlargement of the European Union: opening of new markets, settling of citizens from other member states in the own country, easier control of illegal immigration, more difficult to tackle crime and drug smuggling, easier to tackle environmental problems, increase of unemployment in the own country, falling standard of social welfare in the own country, cultural enrichment. Demography: sex; age; current type of education; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community; region. Additionally coded was: country; questionnaire number; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; weighting factor. Einstellungen zur EU-Erweiterung. Themen: Kenntnis über die EU-Erweiterung; persönliche Einstellung zur EU-Erweiterung; Kenntnistest zur EU-Erweiterung (Nennung von drei Aufnahmekandidaten); Einstellung zu den Aufnahmegesuchen der dreizehn Kandidatenländer; erwarteter Zeitpunkt der EU-Mitgliedschaft der ersten Aufnahmekandidaten; Wichtigkeit der EU-Erweiterung für das eigene Land und für den Befragten; Einstellungen zu politischen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen der EU-Erweiterung: Reduzierung der Kriegsgefahr in Europa, moralische Verpflichtung zur Vereinigung Europas, größerer politischer Einfluss Europas in der Welt, finanzielle Belastungen für das eigene Land, Verlust von politischem Einfluss des eigenen Landes innerhalb der EU, Verlust der Bürgernähe der EU-Institutionen, Erschwerung von politischen Entscheidungen, historische und geographische Faktoren als Rechtfertigung für die EU-Erweiterung, Stärkung der landeseigenen Wirtschaft durch größeren Absatzmarkt, Erhöhung der Einwanderung in das eigene Land, erleichterte Kontrolle der illegalen Einwanderung, erschwerte Bekämpfung von Kriminalität, bessere Zusammenarbeit beim europaweiten Umweltschutz, Erhöhung der Arbeitslosigkeit im eigenen Land, Absenkung des Wohlstandsniveaus im eigenen Land, Erhöhung der kulturellen Vielfalt in der EU. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; derzeitig laufende Ausbildung; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad; Region. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Land; Fragebogennummer; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Gewichtungsfaktor.

The focus groups conducted by the research team for the project presented here offer precisely this convergence of both breadth and depth. The team used a common protocol to guide discussion in fifteen focus groups -- with more than 150 participants in nine cities across eight states -- that were designed to include Spanish and English-speaking respondents, in different regions of the country, with differing compositions by generation and country of origin. The number and range of the participants in these Latino focus groups are unique in the social science literature. This study presents the results of a unique data set, the results of fifteen focus groups conducted across the United States with Latino residents, including foreign-born -- both legal and undocumented immigrants and native-born. These data provide more range than allowed by the typical interview-based project and not only give key insights into Latino residents' thoughts about community, language, discrimination, ties to their countries of origin, and the like, but also provide some sense of participants' explanations of their reasoning and motivations, something not achievable through structured survey data alone.

Einstellungen zur EU-Erweiterung. Themen: Kenntnis über die EU-Erweiterung; persönliche Einstellung zur EU-Erweiterung; Kenntnistest zur EU-Erweiterung (Nennung von drei Aufnahmekandidaten); Einstellung zu den Aufnahmegesuchen der dreizehn Kandidatenländer; erwarteter Zeitpunkt der EU-Mitgliedschaft der ersten Aufnahmekandidaten; Wichtigkeit der EU-Erweiterung für das eigene Land und für den Befragten; Einstellungen zu politischen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen der EU-Erweiterung: Reduzierung der Kriegsgefahr in Europa, moralische Verpflichtung zur Vereinigung Europas, größerer politischer Einfluss Europas in der Welt, finanzielle Belastungen für das eigene Land, Verlust von politischem Einfluss des eigenen Landes innerhalb der EU, Verlust der Bürgernähe der EU-Institutionen, Erschwerung von politischen Entscheidungen, historische und geographische Faktoren als Rechtfertigung für die EU-Erweiterung, Stärkung der landeseigenen Wirtschaft durch größeren Absatzmarkt, Erhöhung der Einwanderung in das eigene Land, erleichterte Kontrolle der illegalen Einwanderung, erschwerte Bekämpfung von Kriminalität, bessere Zusammenarbeit beim europweiten Umweltschutz, Erhöhung der Arbeitslosigkeit im eigenen Land, Absenkung des Wohlstandsniveaus im eigenen Land, Erhöhung der kulturellen Vielfalt in der EU. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; derzeitig laufende Ausbildung; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad; Region. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Land; Fragebogennummer; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Gewichtungsfaktor. Attitudes towards the enlargement of the European Union. Topics: awareness of the enlargement of the European Union; attitude towards the enlargement of the European Union; naming of three applying countries; attitude towards the accession of the applying countries: should become members as quickly as possible, should become members not at the same time, only some of them should become members, none of these countries should become member; expected accession year of the first candidate candidate country; importance of the enlargement of the EU for own country; importance of the enlargement of the EU for respondent; attitude towards the following statements on the enlargement of the European Union: will reduce risks of war and conflicts in Europe, moral duty to reunite Europe after the Cold War, stronger voice on the international scene, expensive for own country, own country will play less important role in Europe, will be more difficult to take decisions, will be more remote from citizens, historically and geographically justified; attitude towards selected statements on the enlargement of the European Union: allows companies to expand to new markets, many citizens from other member states will settle in own country, easier to control illegal immigration, harder to tackle crime and drug smuggling, easier to tackle environmental problems, will increase unemployment in the own country, standard of social welfare in own country will fall, cultural enrichment. Demography: sex; age; current type of education; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community; region. Additionally coded was: country; questionnaire number; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; weighting factor.

This collection consists of detailed, hand-written ethnographic fieldnotes from fieldwork in Sabah, transcripts of interviews with children and youth, children's photographs and drawings of their life in Sabah, and children's written responses to worksheet questions. A waiver has been granted for the deposit of this data because of complex issues of security, confidentiality and lack of consent connected with qualitative research with undocumented children. More detail on these issues can be sought from the Principal Investigator Catherine Allerton at c.l.allerton@lse.ac.uk Details of publications arising from this project are available at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/anthropology/people/allerton.aspx This research explores the everyday lives of the children of undocumented migrants and refugees in the city of Kota Kinabalu (KK), the capital of the East Malaysian state of Sabah. Through 12 months of child-focused ethnographic fieldwork, followed by 14 months of writing-up and analysis, the research will investigate the prevalence of statelessness, and its implications for children’s experiences of city life, work and education. Malaysia is an important place to study these issues, since it has one of the highest rates of undocumented workers in the world, yet the daily experiences of these workers and their families are unexamined in the literature. The research will produce detailed qualitative data on the mobile, urban lives of undocumented children, and will contribute to theoretical and methodological scholarship on the role of children in long-term processes of migration. The research aims to generate a new theoretical framework for understanding children’s experiences of ‘illegality’, which will be of interest not only to academic researchers but also to NGOs and UN bodies focused on migrant, refugee and child rights. The project’s findings will be communicated in briefing papers, scholarly articles and a book, but also through a website of children’s images and stories.

This collection contains anonymised and redacted interview transcripts from interviews with government and government service representatives. Those interviews where consent for recording and deposit are included. Interviews include one with a representative from the Canadian Navy, and two with interviews from representatives of the Spanish and Canadian federal governments. Interviews focused on established government policies for refugee reception, eligibility and support, and also Search and Rescue practices and procedures.This project interrogates changing patterns of irregular, or undocumented, migration in maritime space. It asks how the experiences and practices of irregular migrants are impacted by changing policies in border security and asylum, and also how these patterns of migration are themselves driving policy change. The project has a particular focus on how security efforts that attempt to respond to human trafficking and people smuggling (and that often conflate the two) are impacting the vulnerabilities of migrants, particularly asylum seekers, as they cross maritime borders. In pursuing these questions, this research prioritises the experiences and perspectives of migrants themselves by using innovative qualitative methods that enable migrants to tell their own stories, in their own ways. The objectives of this project are to place the migrant experience at the centre of our understanding of irregular maritime migration, to bring local case studies together to reveal global patterns of policy change, and to understand how the maritime space offers opportunities to rethink how we understand the international realm. The project is built around two case studies: the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In both cases, two migration routes will be studied. For the Pacific, the journey that transits through Indonesia to Australia, and that which transits through Thailand to Canada are the focus; in the Mediterranean, the journeys examined are from Morocco to Spain, and from Libya to Italy. To understand these routes, in-depth field research will be undertaken in the four destination states (Australia, Canada, Spain, and Italy) in order to trace the experience of migrants backwards from their destination through their migration journeys. These experiences will be analyzed against patterns of policy change in each state, and of interstate cooperation and governance at regional and global levels to reveal how states have responded to the arrival of boats carrying undocumented migrants, and how these responses have then impacted the mobility of these individuals. The guiding research method is ethnography, which includes participant observation, unstructured interviews, and visual ethnographies. The visual ethnographies represent a new method, and will allow migrants themselves to tell their own stories through video and photography. These pieces will then be made available on the Project Website, and will be screened at a final Public Engagement Event. Ethnographies will also be supported by semi-structured interviews and by policy analysis. Throughout the project, this research will be supported by comprehensive skills development for the researcher, which includes methodology training, the development of academic and practitioner networks, and the development of leadership skills and opportunities in the field. The research in this project will enhance our understanding of irregular migration and processes of political change that impact border security and asylum politics. This will be reflected in several journal articles, and a final book manuscript that will be submitted for review at the end of the project. This research will also have important non-academic impacts. Through activities that include the Website and Public Event noted above, targeted Workshops in each research site, and the regular publication of Briefing Notes and Project Reports, this project will build and enhance cross-community networks. The key audiences for this research include the general public, policy makers, advocacy and support workers, and migrants themselves. Through this research, policy debates will be informed by deeper understandings of irregular migration. Further, the activities and publications of the project will build new opportunities for communication, and for consultation and collaboration in developing more effective and humane responses to the challenges posed by irregular migration across water. Semi-structured interviews with representatives from government departments and organisations with responsibilties facing migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Sampling took place through snowballing methods and via organisation-network mapping. The collection represents transcripts of interviews where recordings were taken and consent obtained for transcript deposit. Three transcripts are included: 2 from Canada, and 1 from Spain.

The Eastern Partnership Risk Analysis Network (EaP-RAN) performs monthly exchanges of statistical data and information on the most recent irregular migration trends. This information is compiled at the level of the Frontex Risk Analysis Unit (RAU) and analysed in cooperation with the regional partners on a quarterly and annual basis. The annual reports offer a more in-depth analysis of the occurring developments and phenomena which impact the regional and common borders while the quarterly reports are meant to provide regular updates and identify emerging trends in order to maintain situational awareness. Both types of reports are aimed at offering support for strategic and operational decision making.

The Eastern Partnership Quarterly statistical overview is focused on quarterly developments for the seven key indicators of irregular migration: (1) detections of illegal border-crossing between BCPs; (2) detections of illegal border-crossing at BCPs; (3) refusals of entry; (4) detections of illegal stay; (5) asylum applications; (6) detections of facilitators; and (7) detections of fraudulent documents.

The backbone of this overview are monthly statistics provided within the framework of the EaP-RAN (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine) and reference period statistics from common border sections of the neighbouring EU Member States and Schengen Associated Countries (Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania). The data are processed, checked for errors and merged into an Excel database for further analysis.

Attitudes towards the European Union. Topics: associations with the term ‘Europe’; feeling of national and / or European identity; most important elements of the European identity (split A); attitude towards the following statements on European integration: EU membership of France is a good thing, guarantees peace on the continent, contributes to France’s prosperity, protects from negative effects of globalisation, threatens national identity, makes France stronger against the rest of the world, costly for France, 2004 EU enlargement was a good thing, shared values between member states set EU apart from the rest of the world, need for further integration even if that means a loss of national sovereignty, develop competitiveness of the European economy in order to maintain social protection, harmonization of social policies (split A), reconcilement of existing national social policies (split B), interdiction of subsidies for enterprises, contributes to a better quality of life in France; assessment of the impact of European integration on France with regard to the following aspects (split A): citizens, economic growth, employment, cost of living, social protection, consumer protection, quality of public services, agriculture, airspace security, quality of the environment, education, small and medium enterprises; importance of the EU as economic market and political project (split B); expected benefit of the cooperation on EU level with regard to the following issues (split B): foreign policy and defence, international trade, competitiveness of enterprises, consumer protection, fight against insecurity, fight against terrorism, fight against unemployment, environmental protection, quality of public services, support of poor countries, energy, fight against illegal immigration, integration of non-European immigrants, research and development, quality of education; attitude towards the European constitution (split A); attitude towards selected countries joining the EU: Turkey (split C), Croatia (split D), Bulgaria (split E), Romania (split F); attitude towards an agreement on the final borders of the EU before any further enlargement (split B); attitude towards selected statements on the involvement of citizens in the European debate: too little consultation of people, too remote from citizens’ concerns, little impact of European integration on daily life, little weight of political action compared to economic realities, solipsism of politicians, respondent feels well informed about French politics, respondent understands how the EU works, more involvement of citizens in the decision making process, citizens need more information on the EU given by French politicians, citizens need more information on the EU given by the media; preferred level of discussion about European integration; preferred actors to promote discussion about European integration; preferred form of discussion; interest in discussions about European integration (split A); interest to follow discussions about European integration (split B). Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; occupation; region; type of community; left-right self-placement; voting behaviour in referendum on the European constitution. Additionally coded was: country; respondent ID; language of the interview; duration of the interview; questionnaire split; weighting factor. Europäische Identität. Subsidiarität. Gewünschte Form der EU. Bewertung der Konsequenzen der EU-Politik. Öffentliche Debatten über die EU. Themen: Assoziation zu Europa; Identität national oder europäisch; Fokuspunkte europäischer Identität; Einstellung zu europäischer Integration: Mitgliedschaft des eigenen Landes ist eine gute Sache, sichert den Frieden in Europa, sichert den Wohlstand im eigenen Land, unterstützt die Bekämpfung negativer Effekte der Globalisierung, gefährdet die Nationalidentität, ist teuer für das eigene Land, die Osterweiterung 2004 ist eine gute Sache, die EU hat eigene, gemeinsame Werte, die sie vom Rest der Welt unterscheiden, mehr Integration ist erstrebenswert auch wenn dies zu Souveränitätsverlust der Mitgliedsstaaten führt, oberste Priorität ist die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der europäischen Wirtschaft um soziale Sicherheit zu gewährleisten, im Bereich der sozialen Sicherheit bedarf es einer gewissen Harmonisierung unter den Mitgliedsstaaten (Split A), im Bereich der sozialen Sicherheit bedarf es einer stärkeren Annäherung der Mitgliedsstaaten (Split B), Verbot staatlicher Subventionen an Unternehmen, europäische Integration trägt zur Besserung der Lebensqualität im eigenen Land bei (Skala); Split A: Positive Effekte europäischer Integration auf: Menschen wie den Befragten, wirtschaftliche Stärke, Arbeitsplätze, Lebenshaltungskosten, soziale Sicherheit, Verbraucherschutz, Qualität des öffentlichen Dienstes, Landwirtschaft, Flugsicherheit, Umwelt, Ausbildung, klein- und mittelständische Unternehmen (Skala); wahrnehmen der EU als großen Binnenmarkt oder politisches Projekt; Split B: Potential der EU für bessere Problemlösung in folgenden Feldern: Außen- und Verteidigungspolitik, internationaler Handel, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Unternehmen, Verbraucherschutz, Sicherheit, Bekämpfung des Terrorismus, Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit, Umweltschutz, Qualität des öffentlichen Dienstes, Entwicklungshilfe, Energie, Bekämpfung illegaler Immigration, Integration nicht-europäischer Immigranten, Forschung und Entwicklung, Ausbildung (Skala); Split A: präferrierte Vorgehensweise nach dem negativen Referendum; Einstellung zum Beitritt der Türkei, Kroatiens, Bulgariens, Rumäniens; Split B: Einstellung zur Begrenzung der EU auf Länder mit gleichen Werten; an alle Befragten: Übereinstimmung mit folgenden Aussagen: europäische Integration erfolgt ohne ausreichende Konsultation des Volkes, die EU ist zu weit von den Bedürfnissen der Bürger entfernt, die EU hat wenig Einfluss auf das tägliche Leben, Politik hat wenig Einfluss auf ökonomische Realitäten, Politiker priorisieren Eigeninteresse gegenüber allgemeinem Interesse, Informiertheit über die Politik des eigenen Landes und über die EU, Wunsch nach mehr Entscheidungsmöglichkeiten in der EU, Politiker des eigenen Landes sollen die EU stärker thematisieren, die Medien sollen die EU stärker thematisieren (Skala); gewünschte Form und Debattenführer der Diskussion über europäische Integration; Split A: Interesse an europäischer Integration; Split B: Verfolgen der Debatten über europäische Integration (Skala). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; beruflicher Status; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad; Links-Rechts-Selbsteinstufung; Wahlverhalten beim Referendum über die europäische Verfassung. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Land; Befragten-ID; Interviewsprache; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Fragebogen-Split; Gewichtungsfaktor.

The EU Profiler is a Voting Advice Application (VAA) running during the European Elections of 2009. Respondents are situated in a political spectrum, according to their positioning with regard to 30 statements on: (a) Welfare, family and health: welfare programmes maintained even if taxes increase, privatization of healthcare services, increase in subsidies for childcare; (b) Migration and immigration: encourage immigration of skilled workers, restrict immigration; (c) Society, religion and culture: legalisation of same sex marriages, greater respect for religious values in politics, decriminalisation of soft drugs, legalisation of euthanasia; (d) Finances and taxes: reduction of government spending, tax-raising powers for EU, bail out failing banks with public money; (e) Economy and work: reduction of workers´ protection regulation, reduction of EU subsidies to farmers; (f) Environment, transport and energy: support for renewable sources of energy, promotion of public transport, fighting global warming; (g) Law and order: restrictions of civil liberties, more severe punishment for criminals; (h) Foreign policy: EU should speak with one voice, EU should strengthen security and defence policy; (i) European integration; EU integration is good, Malta is better off in the EU, accession of Turkey, more power to EP, less veto power for individual member states, referendum on treaty in Malta; (j) Country specific items: hosting of Maltas illegal immigrants by member states, the EU should be more involved in preserving Maltas countryside. Respondents could rate subjective salience for all issues. An additional questionnaire asks about: quality of results from EU-Profiler; help to decide about vote; change of vote decision; increase interest in EP election; increase interest in politics; increase motivation to participate in EP election; refrains from participating in EP election; no change of intention to vote; left indifferent; compass useful; previous use of profiler; media use for political information; political information before EP election; political efficacy; political interest; vote intention EP elections; vote at last election EP; vote intention national parliament; importance for democracy: equal chances to access courts, free and fair elections, referenda, governments do what is right, new technologies for participation; satisfaction with national democracy; satisfaction with european democracy; attitude towards further integration of EU; trust in: national parliament, European parliament, national Government, European Commission, political parties; national government of experts; european government of experts; approval of national government´s record; participation to elections; self-placement on a left-right continuum. Demography: gender; place of birth; nationality; country of residence; marital status; highest level of education; occupational status; sector of employment; place of residence; duration of residence; denomination; church attendance; self-assessment of religiousness; number of children; number of people in household; household income. Also encoded was: language user selected; spectrum position x-axis; spectrum position y-axis; nearest party in country spectrum; furthest party in country spectrum; nearest party in EU spectrum; furthest party in EU spectrum; scores on liberal society, expanded welfare axis, economic liberalisation axis, restrictive financial policy axis, law and order axis, immigration policy axis, environmental protection axis. Der EU-Profiler ist eine Webanwendung (britisch: Voting Advise Application), die Bürger bei der Auswahl von Parteien zur Stimmabgabe bei den Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament im Jahr 2009 unterstützt hat. Die Teilnehmer bewerten 30 politische Aussagen und werden entsprechend ihrer Antworten in einem mehrdimensionalen politischen Raum verortet. Die Aussagen betreffen: (a) Soziales, Familie und Gesundheit: Beibehaltung wohlfahrtstaatlicher Programme, auch wenn Steuern steigen, Privatisierung der Gesundheitsversorgung, Erhöhung der Subventionen für Kinderbetreuung; (b) Migration und Immigration: Einwanderung qualifizierter Arbeitskräfte, Einschränkung von Einwanderung; (c) Gesellschaft, Religion und Kultur: Legalisierung gleichgeschlechtlicher Eheschließungen, größerer Respekt für religiöse Werte in Politik, Dekriminalisierung weicher Drogen, Legalisierung von Sterbehilfe; (d) Finanzen und Steuern: Verringerung der Staatsausgaben, eigene Steuern für EU, Bankenrettung mit öffentlichen Mitteln; (e) Wirtschaft und Arbeit: Verringerung Kündigungsschutz für Arbeitnehmer, Verringerung von Subventionen für Landwirte; (f) Umwelt, Transport und Energie: Regenerative Energien unterstützen, öffentliche Verkehrsmittel fördern, Erderwärmung bekämpfen; (g) Recht und Ordnung: Einschränkungen ziviler Freiheiten, härtere Strafen für Straftäter; (h) Außenpolitik: EU sollte mit einheitlicher Stimme sprechen, gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik sollte gestärkt werden; (i) Europäische Integration: Europäische Integration ist gut für Malta, Zustimmung zum EU-Beitritt der Türkei, mehr Macht für EP, weniger Veto-macht für Mitgliedstaaten, Referendum über Vertrag in Malta. (j) Länderspezifische Fragen: Aufnahme von Maltas illegalen Einwanderern durch die Mitgliedsstaaten, größere Beteiligung der EU an der Erhaltung der Landschaft Maltas. Alle Befragten konnten die subjektive Wichtigkeit der Themen bewerten. Über einen zusätzlichen Fragebogen wurden erhoben: Einschätzung der Qualität der Ergebnisse des EU-Profiler; Hilfe bei der Wahlentscheidung; Veränderung der Wahlentscheidung; Vergrößerung des Interesses an den Wahlen zum EP; Vergrößerung des politischen Interesses; größere Motivation an Wahlen zum EP teilzunehmen; geringere Motivation an Wahlen zum EP teilzunehmen; keine Veränderung der Wahlentscheidung; weiterhin indifferent gegenüber Wahlen zum EP; vorherige Nutzung des EU-Profiler; Mediennutzung zur politischen Information; politische Information für Europawahlen; political efficacy; politisches Interesse; Wahlabsicht bei Europawahlen; Wahlbeteiligung bei den letzten Europawahlen; Wahlabsicht für nationales Parlament; wichtig für Demokratie: gleicher Zugang zu Gerichten, freie und gerechte Wahlen, Referenden, Regierungen, die das Richtige tun, neue Technologien für politische Partizipation; Zufriedenheit mit nationaler Demokratie; Zufriedenheit mit europäischer Demokratie; Einstellung zur weiteren europäischen Integration; Vertrauen in: nationales Parlament, Europäisches Parlament, Europäische Kommission, politische Parteien; Befürwortung nationaler Expertenregierung; Befürwortung europäischer Expertenregierung; Beurteilung der Leistung der nationalen Regierung; Selbsteinstufung auf einem Links-Rechts-Kontinuum. Demographie: Geschlecht, Geburtsort; Staatsbürgerschaft; Wohnsitzland; Familienstand; Bildungsabschluss; Beschäftigungsstatus; Beschäftigungssektor; Wohnort; Dauer am Wohnort; Konfession; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; religiöse Selbstbeschreibung; Anzahl der Kinder; Anzahl von Personen im Haushalt; Haushaltseinkommen. Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: vom Nutzer gewählte Sprache; Position auf der x-Achse des Spektrums; Position auf der y-Achse des Spektrums; nächste Partei national; weiteste Partei national; nächste Partei EU; weiteste Partei EU; Werte auf den Dimensionen: gesellschaftlicher Liberalismus, Wohlfahrtsstaat, ökonomische Liberalisierung, restriktive Finanzpolitik, Recht und Ordnung, Migrationspolitik, Umweltpolitik.

This dataset covers ballots 529-33, 752, 761, 765-67, 776, 806-12, spanning January-December 1988. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 529-1 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on what Canada's biggest problem is, the prospect of peace in the Middle-east and which party is best equipped to deal with Canada's biggest problem. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, whether or not an election should be called and how hard people work . The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada's biggest problem; evaluation of party to best deal with Canada's problems; subsidized day-care; the conflict in the Middle-east; Canada's economic situation in the next six months; the security of computer credit information; whether or not an election should be called; how hard people work; and predictions for Canada's next parliament. Basic demographic variables are also included. 530-1 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on what Canada's biggest problem is, the prospect of peace in the Middle-east and which party is best equipped to deal with Canada's biggest problem. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, whether or not an election should be called and how hard people work . The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada's biggest problem; evaluation of party to best deal with Canada's problems; subsidized day-care; the conflict in the Middle-east; Canada's economic situation in the next six months; the security of computer credit information; whether or not an election should be called; how hard people work; and predictions for Canada's next parliament. Basic demographic variables are also included. 531-1 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about different political figures and parties, current events and the severity of substance abuse in Canada. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the ability of the United States to treat the world's problems, the existence of U.F.O's and life on other planets and unemployment insurance. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: drug and alcohol use in Canada; bias in new reporting; cabinet minister identification; opinions on Canadian political leaders; cruise missile testing in Canada's north; nuclear energy in Canada; immigration quotas; unemployment insurance; disposable income; and U.F.O's. Basic demographics are also included. 532-1 - April This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions on the prevelance and acceptance of homosexuality, and approval of the Meech Lake accord. There are also questions on other topics of interest such acid rain versus free trade negotiations with the Unite States, patriotism in Canada and Sunday shopping. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: acid rain versus free trade as most important issue to negotiate with U.S.; approval of granting Quebec distinct society status in the Meech Lake accord; approval of granting more power to the provinces in the Meech Lake accord; degree of patriotism in Canada; effect of a candidate's sexual orientation on getting votes; general familiarity with and approval of the Meech Lake accord; professions homosexuals should or should not be allowed to pursue; rights for homosexuals; Svend Robinson's declaring himself as a homosexual; the minimum amount of money a family of four needs per week to get by; abortion as woman and doctor's decision; and Sunday shopping. Basic demographic variables are also included. 533-1 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the frequency of political preference, influential factors in political choices and general economic issues. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as religious habits, anti-smoking bylaws and the impact of computers. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: the rate and regulation of bank fees; importance of organized religion; the economic future of Canada; the ideal number of children to have; the impact and availability of computers; anti-smoking bylaws; approval of 1984 Progressive Conservative government; approval of 1988 party leaders; abortion; influential factors on voter choice; and free trade. Basic demographics are also included. 752-p - August (Alberta Regional Review) This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Albertans on predominantly political issues. Topics of interest include: whether Canadian farmers require special government assistance, remuneration for the Principal Group failure, voting behavior in the provincial election, opinion on the Progressive Conservative government in Edmonton, Don Getty, Ray Martin, Don Getty stepping down as leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party, the Provincial Liberal Part, voting behavior in the federal election, and the trading of Wayne Gretzky's effect on the Edmonton Oilers and Los Angeles Kings. Basic demographics are also included. 761-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and upcoming political voting trends. There are also questions dealing with Party leaders and the situations they would excel in. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: voting behaviour; the Election; party leaders; Brian Mulroney; Ed Broadbent; John Turner/ Basic demographic variables are also included. 765-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians from the Toronto area, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about current municipal level problems like traffic congestion and housing prices as well as opinions on federal issues like abortion and free trade. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as voting choice, political leaders at the federal level and who would make the best Prime Minister. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: degree of interest in upcoming federal election; likelihood that respondent will choose to vote; vote inclination or preferences; federal election's main issue; social issues facing Toronto; and evaluations of Brian Mulroney, John Turner and Edbroadbent. Basic demographics are also included. 766-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on political leaders during the televised debate. The questions ask opinions about the winner fo the debate, the impact of the debate on the respondents upcoming vote and the free trade issue. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: wether the respondents watched the debate in full or only part; the winner according to the respondents; the impact on the respondents upcoming vote; the preferences of the respondents before viewing the debate; and the necessity of a separate debate concerning the free trade issue. Basic demographics are also included. 767-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political questions. The questions ask opinions about candidates and parties in the upcoming federal election, the respondents' degree of interest in the current electoral campaign. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as voting choice, and the proposed Canada - U.S. Free Trade Agreement. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: degree of interest in upcoming election; likelihood that respondent will choose to vote; previous voting; voter preferences; factors influencing voter's choice; support for, and potential impact of free trade; and assessments of party leaders and other prominent political leaders. Basic demographics are also included. 776-t - November (missing) 806-1 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders, business conditions, free trade and social issues such as abortion. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as amnesty for illegal immigrants and child birth incentives to counteract the falling birth rate. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: allowing amnesty to illegal immigrants; business conditions; Canadian political party leaders; Free Trade and its effect on employment, income and Canada U.S. relations; incentives to counter falling birth rates; legalization of abortion; political figures: Brian Mulrooney, John Turner, Ed Broadbent and the 1988 Canadian Cabinet; problems facing Canada today; and American investment in Canada.

This collection represents anonymised and redacted interview transcripts from interviews with NGO/INGO organisational representatives. Interviews were conducted between 2016 and 2020, across several case studies: Canada (Vancouver, Ottawa), Greece (Athens, Kos), Spain (Almeria, Madrid), Australia (Canberra, Melbourne). Each organisation has a targeted responsibility for refugee settlement, support, or processing in each cases; in some cases, the NGO is internationally focused, and so interviews included discussion of advocacy and a comparison across cases. Interviews focus on practical experience and day-to-day activities, barriers to effective support, successes, and recommendations for change.This project interrogates changing patterns of irregular, or undocumented, migration in maritime space. It asks how the experiences and practices of irregular migrants are impacted by changing policies in border security and asylum, and also how these patterns of migration are themselves driving policy change. The project has a particular focus on how security efforts that attempt to respond to human trafficking and people smuggling (and that often conflate the two) are impacting the vulnerabilities of migrants, particularly asylum seekers, as they cross maritime borders. In pursuing these questions, this research prioritises the experiences and perspectives of migrants themselves by using innovative qualitative methods that enable migrants to tell their own stories, in their own ways. The objectives of this project are to place the migrant experience at the centre of our understanding of irregular maritime migration, to bring local case studies together to reveal global patterns of policy change, and to understand how the maritime space offers opportunities to rethink how we understand the international realm. The project is built around two case studies: the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In both cases, two migration routes will be studied. For the Pacific, the journey that transits through Indonesia to Australia, and that which transits through Thailand to Canada are the focus; in the Mediterranean, the journeys examined are from Morocco to Spain, and from Libya to Italy. To understand these routes, in-depth field research will be undertaken in the four destination states (Australia, Canada, Spain, and Italy) in order to trace the experience of migrants backwards from their destination through their migration journeys. These experiences will be analyzed against patterns of policy change in each state, and of interstate cooperation and governance at regional and global levels to reveal how states have responded to the arrival of boats carrying undocumented migrants, and how these responses have then impacted the mobility of these individuals. The guiding research method is ethnography, which includes participant observation, unstructured interviews, and visual ethnographies. The visual ethnographies represent a new method, and will allow migrants themselves to tell their own stories through video and photography. These pieces will then be made available on the Project Website, and will be screened at a final Public Engagement Event. Ethnographies will also be supported by semi-structured interviews and by policy analysis. Throughout the project, this research will be supported by comprehensive skills development for the researcher, which includes methodology training, the development of academic and practitioner networks, and the development of leadership skills and opportunities in the field. The research in this project will enhance our understanding of irregular migration and processes of political change that impact border security and asylum politics. This will be reflected in several journal articles, and a final book manuscript that will be submitted for review at the end of the project. This research will also have important non-academic impacts. Through activities that include the Website and Public Event noted above, targeted Workshops in each research site, and the regular publication of Briefing Notes and Project Reports, this project will build and enhance cross-community networks. The key audiences for this research include the general public, policy makers, advocacy and support workers, and migrants themselves. Through this research, policy debates will be informed by deeper understandings of irregular migration. Further, the activities and publications of the project will build new opportunities for communication, and for consultation and collaboration in developing more effective and humane responses to the challenges posed by irregular migration across water. Semi-structured interviews with representatives from NGOs and community organisations that work with migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Sampling took place through snowballing methods and via organisation-network mapping. The collection represents transcripts of interviews where recordings were taken and consent obtained for transcript deposit. Seven transcipts are included, with 3 from Canada, 3 from Australia, and one from Greece.

Fragen zum Nationalbewußtsein und zur nationalen Identität. Themen: Verbundenheit mit dem Stadtteil, der Stadt, der Region, derNation und mit dem jeweiligen Kontinent sowie Bereitschaft, dieseRegionen zur Verbesserung der Arbeits- oder Wohnsituation zu verlassen;Wichtigkeit der nationalen Einheit; wichtigste Merkmale für nationaleIdentität; Identifikation mit der eigenen Nation (Skala); Nationalstolz;empfundener Stolz auf die Demokratie des Landes, auf den politischenEinfluß des Landes in der Welt, auf die wirtschaftlichen Erfolge, diesozialstaatlichen Leistungen, die wissenschaftlichen Errungenschaften,die sportlichen Erfolge, die Leistungen in Kunst bzw. Literatur, dieStreitkräfte, die Geschichte und die Gleichberechtigung allergesellschaftlichen Gruppen im Lande; Präferenz für Schutzzölle zurStützung der nationalen Wirtschaft; Einstellung zum Rechtinternationaler Institutionen zum Durchsetzen von national zuakzeptierenden Lösungen; Einstellung zu einem verbessertenFremdsprachenunterricht in Schulen; Einstellung zum Durchsetzennationaler Interessen gegenüber anderen Ländern; Ablehnung desGrunderwerbs durch Ausländer im eigenen Land; Präferenz für nationaleFilme und nationale Fernsehprogramme; Einstellung zur staatlichenUnterstützung von nationalen Minderheiten zum Erhalt ihrer Sitten undGebräuche; Präferenz zur Assimilation von Minderheiten oder Beibehaltihrer Identität; Ausländerfeindlichkeit und Vorurteile gegen Einwanderer(Skala); Einstellung zu einer Reduzierung der Zuwanderung vonAusländern; Einstellung zum Asylrecht für politisch verfolgteFlüchtlinge; Herkunft aus einer ländlichen oder städtischen Region;Wohndauer am derzeitigen Wohnort; Dauer von Auslandsaufenthalten;Muttersprache; Fremdsprachenkenntnisse; Staatsangehörigkeit;Staatsangehörigkeit der Eltern bei Geburt des Befragten;Staatsangehörigkeit der Vorfahren; empfundene nationale Zugehörigkeitund Stärke dieses Verbundenheitsgefühls; Vorteilhaftigkeit derMitgliedschaft des Landes in der länderübergreifenden Organisation (wiez.B. EU; Einstellung zu verschärften Maßnahmen gegenüber illegalenZuwanderern; Ortsgröße; Vorgesetztenfunktion;Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Selbsteinschätzung derSchichtzugehörigkeit; Religiosität; Parteipräferenz. Questions on national consciousness and national identity.Topics: solidarity with the part of town, the city, the region, the nation andwith the respective continent as well as readiness to leave these regionsto improve work or housing situation;importance of national unity;most important characteristics for national identity;identification with one's own nation (scale);national pride;perceived pride in the democracy of the country, the political influenceof the country in the world, the economic successes, the welfare-state services,the scientific achievements, the athletic successes,the achievements in art or literature, the military forces,the history and equal rights of all social groups in the country;preference for protective duty to support the national economy;attitude to the right of international institutions to enforce solutionsto be accepted nationally;attitude to improved foreign language instruction in schools;attitude to enforcing national interests regarding other countries;rejection of acquisition of land by foreigners in one's country;preference for national films and national television stations;attitude to government support of national minoritiesto preserve their customs and habits;preference for assimilation of minorities or retention of their identity;hostility to foreigners and prejudices against immigrants (scale);attitude to a reduction of immigration of foreigners;attitude to the right to asylum for politically persecuted refugees;origins from a rural or urban region;length of residence at current place of residence;length of stays abroad;native language;knowledge of foreign languages;citizenship;citizenship of parents at birth of respondent;citizenship of ancestors;perceived national affiliation and strength of this feeling of solidarity;advantageousness of membership of the country in the organizationencompassing countries (such as e.g. EU);attitude to stricter measures regarding illegal immigrants;city size;superior function;union membership;self-assessment of social class;religiousness;party preference.

Users´ position on 30 political issues: (a) Welfare, family and health: welfare programmes maintained even if taxes increase, social assistance for EU immigrants, reduction of pension benefits; (b) Migration and immigration: fight against illegal immigration, immigration restriction, acceptance of European values by immigrants; (c) Society, religion and culture: legalisation of same sex marriages, support for stem cell research, legalisation of soft drugs, legalisation of euthanasia; (d) Finances and taxes: reduction of government spending, tax-raising powers for EU, tax increase on stock market gains; (e) Economy and work: reduction of workers´ protection regulation, stronger support for unemployed, relaxation of austerity measures; (f) Environment, transport and energy: support for renewable sources of energy, promotion of public transport; (g) Law and order: restrictions of civil liberties, more severe punishment for criminals; access to abortion; (h) Foreign policy: EU should strengthen security and defence policy, EU should speak with one voice; (i) European integration; judgement about EU integration, issuance of Eurobonds, judgement about single European currency, less veto power for individual member states, referendum on EU-treaty; (j) Country specific items. Basic socio-demographic information: age, gender, education level. Additionally coded: user-ID; day and time when user started and finished answering the questionnaire; user´s geo-localisation based on IP adresse (NUTS-0-level); user´s geo-localisation based on IP adresse (NUTS-3-level); version of the country questionnaire chosen by the user; perceived saliency of each issue; matching-score with the positions of the political parties; user´s propensity to vote for a given party in his country of choice; position of the user on a socio-economic policy-dimension (socio-economic left to socio-economic right); position of the user on a European policy dimension (anti-EU-integration to pro-EU-integration); position of the user on libertarian and authoritarian policy dimension (liberal values to traditional values). Position des Nutzers zu politischen Themen (Issues) (A) Soziale Sicherheit, Familie und Gesundheit: Sozialhilfeprogramme beibehalten trotz Steuererhöhungen, Sozialhilfe für EU-Einwanderer, Verringerung der Rentenleistungen; (B) Migration und Einwanderung: Bekämpfung der illegalen Einwanderung, Einwanderungsbeschränkung, die Annahme europäischer Werte durch Einwanderer; (C) Gesellschaft, Religion und Kultur: Legalisierung von gleichgeschlechtlichen Ehen, Unterstützung der Stammzellenforschung, Legalisierung von weichen Drogen, Legalisierung der Euthanasie; (D) Finanzen und Steuern: Reduzierung der Staatsausgaben, Recht der EU auf eigene Steuern, höhere Besteuerung von Börsengewinnen; (E) Wirtschaft und Arbeit: Reduzierung der Arbeitnehmerschutzverordnung, stärkere staatliche Unterstützung von Arbeitslosen, Lockerung von EU-Sparmaßnahmen; (F) Umwelt, Verkehr und Energie: Unterstützung erneuerbarer Energiequellen, Förderung des öffentlichen Nah- und Fernverkehrs; (G) Recht und Ordnung: Einschränkung der Privatsphäre im Internet aus Gründen der öffentlichen Sicherheit, härtere Strafen für Straftäter; Einschränkung der Indikation zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch; (H) Außenpolitik: EU sollte Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik stärken, EU sollte mit einer Stimme sprechen; (I) Europäische Integration; Beurteilung der EU-Integration, Ausgabe von Eurobonds, Beurteilung der gemeinsamen europäischen Währung, weniger Vetorecht für einzelne EU-Mitgliedstaaten, Referendum über EU-Vertrag; (J) Länderspezifische Fragen. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Bildungsniveau. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Nutzer-ID, Datum und Zeitpunkt, an dem der Nutzer den Fragebogen begonnen und beendet hat; Geo-Lokalisation des Nutzers basierend auf der IP-Adresse (NUTS-0-Ebene); Geo-Lokalisation des Nutzers basierend auf der IP-Adresse (NUTS-3-Ebene); Version des vom Nutzer ausgewählten Länderfragebogens; wahrgenommene Wichtigkeit (Salienz) für jedes Thema; Ausmaß der Übereinstimmung (Matching-Score) zwischen Nutzer und den Positionen der politischen Parteien; subjektive Wahrscheinlichkeit des Nutzers, eine bestimmte nationale Partei zu wählen; Position des Nutzers auf einer sozioökonomische Politik-Dimension (sozio-ökonomisch links bis sozio-ökonomisch rechts), Position des Nutzers auf einer europapolitischen Politik-Dimension (Anti-EU-Integration bis Pro-EU-Integration); Position des Nutzers auf libertär-autoritären Politik-Dimension (liberale Werte bis traditionelle Werte). Non-probability: AvailabilityNonprobability.Availability Nicht-Wahrscheinlichkeitsauswahl: Willkürliche AuswahlNonprobability.Availability

Data includes an overview of demographic details of research participants, including the sites and dates of interviews. For ethical reasons, interview transcripts and visual data are excluded from this data set.Current policy interventions urgently need assessing in light of unprecedented levels of migration and a catastrophic increase in refugee and migrant deaths across the Mediterranean Sea. While refugee and migrant deaths en route to the European Union are by no means new, the level and intensity of recent tragedies is unprecedented. This project produces a timely and robust evidence base as grounds for informing policy interventions developed under emergency conditions. It does so by assessing the impact of such interventions on those that they affect most directly: refugees and migrants themselves. As migratory pressures increase across North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, EU leaders have committed to a strengthened presence at sea, while fighting trafficking and smuggling networks, and extending cross-regional cooperation in order to prevent ‘illegal migration flows’. Although there remain significant continuities in EU policy, developments in the region have shifted quickly under emergency conditions. Triton, a joint border management operation coordinated by the European external border agency Frontex, replaced the Italian search and rescue operation Mare Nostrum in autumn 2014. Triton’s rescue capacities increased in early 2015, alongside a renewed focus on cross-regional migration and development cooperation, such as through the Khartoum and Rabat processes. New EU efforts to disrupt smuggling and trafficking networks in the region have also been initiated through the EUNAVFOR Med naval operation. These developments urgently need assessing in terms of their impact on refugee and migrant movements across the region. The EU has emphasised the importance of reinforcing internal solidarity between Member States and fostering shared responsibility through cross-regional cooperation. Nevertheless, such concerns reflect a policy agenda that has thus far had limited success in providing effective protection or settlement outcomes for refugees and migrants crossing the Mediterranean by boat. A renewed assessment of policy interventions is therefore pressing. This project undertakes such an assessment by engaging the journeys and experiences of refugees and migrants, asking: What are the impacts of policy interventions on migratory journeys and experiences across the Mediterranean? How do refugees and migrants negotiate complex and entwined migratory and regulatory dynamics? In what ways can policy be re-shaped to address migrant deaths at sea? Developments in search and rescue, anti-smuggling, and preventive mechanisms cannot be assessed in isolation from those who are most directly affected by such developments. An approach grounded in the journeys and experiences of refugees and migrants is thus urgent in order to effectively assess the impact of policy interventions across the Mediterranean. The project produces a robust evidence base that explores the effects of policy interventions on refugees and migrants across the region, focusing on three EU island arrival points (Kos, Malta, Sicily) and four urban sites (Athens, Berlin, Istanbul, Rome). Qualitative interview data, both textual and visual, is produced through an interdisciplinary participatory research approach, and made available through the UK Data Service. This data is subject to a timely initial and on-going analysis, and is disseminated through research briefs and reports, project workshops and a conference, a project website, academic journal articles, as well as via various media outlets. The project contributes: an interdisciplinary perspective on the legal and social implications of policy interventions in the region; a comparative perspective on migratory routes and methods of travel across the Mediterranean; a qualitative analysis of the journeys and experiences of refugees and migrants; and methodological insights into participatory research under emergency conditions. Semi-structured qualitative interviews, supplemented by observational data collection