As of the fourth quarter of 2024, the unemployment rate for people of white ethnicity in the United Kingdom was 3.6 percent, the lowest of the provided ethnic groups in this quarter. By contrast, the unemployment rate for people in the Pakistani ethnic group was 10.7 percent.

Abbreviations: IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; SD, Standard Deviation.aP-values show the difference between White European and South Asians within each sex group, and were calculated using X2 tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables.bThere were no missing data for these variables.cBody mass index categories were based on ethnic specific cut-points, as follows: 25–30 kg/m2 for White Europeans and 23–27.5 kg/m2 for South Asians were defined as overweight, and >30 kg/m2 for White Europeans and >27.5 kg/m2 for South Asians were defined as obese [10].

The survey, commissioned by the newsmagazine Suomen Kuvalehti, charted attitudes in Finland towards immigrants from different countries as well as beliefs about race. First, the respondents were asked to state their position on a scale from 0 to 10, where 10 indicated they hoped that Finland would be populated as much as possible by people of Finnish origin sharing the national values, and 0 that they hoped Finland would be populated as much as possible by people from a diversity of countries and ethnic backgrounds. Next, opinions were studied regarding how desirable or undesirable the respondents thought it was that immigrants of certain nationalities would come to Finland. The nationalities mentioned were Swedes, Germans, Russians, Estonians, US Americans, Somalis, Kosovars, Iraqis, Afghans, Syrians, Chinese, Thai and Ukrainians. The respondents were also asked to what extent they agreed with the following four statements: 'The mental abilities of black Africans are lower than those of white people living in Western countries', ' All people have equal value regardless of the colour of their skin or ethnic background', 'The white European race should be prevented from being mixed with darker races because otherwise the original population of Europe will become extinct before long ', and 'There is no such thing as 'race' since all human beings are genetically very much alike'. One question studied whether the respondents thought the Finnish media reported more negatively or positively on the Perussuomalaiset party (the Finns Party) than on the other political parties. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age, region of residence (NUTS3), major region of residence (NUTS2), city or type of municipality, education, occupational status and economic activity, household composition, number and ages of children living at home, total gross annual income of the household, and type of housing.

At the end of the Revolutionary Period in United States history, the majority of white settlers in the United States of America had English heritage. The Thirteen Colonies, which claimed independence in 1776, was part of the British Empire until this point - English settlers and their descendants made up over 60 percent of the population by 1790. The English were the ethnic majority (among whites) in all states except Pennsylvania, which had a similarly-sized German population, while New York had a sizeable Dutch population as it was a former Dutch colony. The second-largest group was the Irish, where those from both the island's north and south made up a combined 10 percent of the population, followed by the Scottish and Germans at over eight percent each. Outside of the United States, the French and Spanish territories that would later be incorporated into the Union were majority French and Spanish - despite their large size they were relatively sparsely populated. The composition of the U.S. population would change drastically throughout the 19th century due largely to waves of migration from Europe.

As of 2023, around 90.1 percent of court judges in England and Wales were white, with 9.9 percent from Black, Asian, mixed, or other ethnic backgrounds.

BackgroundBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a potentially valuable method for assessing lean mass and body fat levels in children from different ethnic groups. We examined the need for ethnic- and gender-specific equations for estimating fat free mass (FFM) from BIA in children from different ethnic groups and examined their effects on the assessment of ethnic differences in body fat.MethodsCross-sectional study of children aged 8–10 years in London Primary schools including 325 South Asians, 250 black African-Caribbeans and 289 white Europeans with measurements of height, weight and arm-leg impedance (Z; Bodystat 1500). Total body water was estimated from deuterium dilution and converted to FFM. Multilevel models were used to derive three types of equation {A: FFM = linear combination(height+weight+Z); B: FFM = linear combination(height2/Z); C: FFM = linear combination(height2/Z+weight)}.ResultsEthnicity and gender were important predictors of FFM and improved model fit in all equations. The models of best fit were ethnicity and gender specific versions of equation A, followed by equation C; these provided accurate assessments of ethnic differences in FFM and FM. In contrast, the use of generic equations led to underestimation of both the negative South Asian-white European FFM difference and the positive black African-Caribbean-white European FFM difference (by 0.53 kg and by 0.73 kg respectively for equation A). The use of generic equations underestimated the positive South Asian-white European difference in fat mass (FM) and overestimated the positive black African-Caribbean-white European difference in FM (by 4.7% and 10.1% respectively for equation A). Consistent results were observed when the equations were applied to a large external data set.ConclusionsEthnic- and gender-specific equations for predicting FFM from BIA provide better estimates of ethnic differences in FFM and FM in children, while generic equations can misrepresent these ethnic differences.

BackgroundSocio-economic position (SEP) and ethnicity influence type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in adults. However, the influence of SEP on emerging T2DM risks in different ethnic groups and the contribution of SEP to ethnic differences in T2DM risk in young people have been little studied. We examined the relationships between SEP and T2DM risk factors in UK children of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European origin, using the official UK National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC) and assessed the extent to which NS-SEC explained ethnic differences in T2DM risk factors. Methods and FindingsCross-sectional school-based study of 4,804 UK children aged 9–10 years, including anthropometry and fasting blood analytes (response rates 70%, 68% and 58% for schools, individuals and blood measurements). Assessment of SEP was based on parental occupation defined using NS-SEC and ethnicity on parental self-report. Associations between NS-SEC and adiposity, insulin resistance (IR) and triglyceride differed between ethnic groups. In white Europeans, lower NS-SEC status was related to higher ponderal index (PI), fat mass index, IR and triglyceride (increases per NS-SEC decrement [95%CI] were 1.71% [0.75, 2.68], 4.32% [1.24, 7.48], 5.69% [2.01, 9.51] and 3.17% [0.96, 5.42], respectively). In black African-Caribbeans, lower NS-SEC was associated with lower PI (−1.12%; [−2.01, −0.21]), IR and triglyceride, while in South Asians there were no consistent associations between NS-SEC and T2DM risk factors. Adjustment for NS-SEC did not appear to explain ethnic differences in T2DM risk factors, which were particularly marked in high NS-SEC groups. ConclusionsSEP is associated with T2DM risk factors in children but patterns of association differ by ethnic groups. Consequently, ethnic differences (which tend to be largest in affluent socio-economic groups) are not explained by NS-SEC. This suggests that strategies aimed at reducing social inequalities in T2DM risk are unlikely to reduce emerging ethnic differences in T2DM risk.

Data quality:Hamilton, City (C)Total non-response (TNR) rate, short-form census questionnaire: 2.5%Total non-response (TNR) rate, long-form census questionnaire: 3.5%Notes: 117 'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons other than Aboriginal peoples who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian Chinese Black Filipino Arab Latin American Southeast Asian West Asian Korean and Japanese.In 2021 Census analytical and communications products the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups" reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere. For more information on visible minority and population group variables including information on their classifications the questions from which they are derived data quality and their comparability with other sources of data please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide Census of Population 2021. 118 In 2021 Census analytical and communications products the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups" reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere. 119 The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include for example "Guyanese " "Pacific Islander " "Polynesian " "Tibetan" and "West Indian." 120 In 2021 Census analytical and communications products this category is referred to as "the rest of the population." 121 'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census. The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level. For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables including information on their classifications the questions from which they are derived data quality and their comparability with other sources of data please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide Census of Population 2021. 122 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "French"). 123 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "British " "United Kingdom"). 124 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Caucasian"). 125 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "First Nations " "North American Indian"). 126 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "European"). 127 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "African"). 128 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Arab"). 129 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Asian"). 130 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Cree"). 131 The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins not included elsewhere (e.g. "Christian " "Baptist " "Catholic"). 132 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Aboriginal " "Indigenous"). 133 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "South Asian"). 134 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Mi'kmaq"). 135 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Northern European " "Scandinavian"). 136 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin Central or South American origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Latin American " "South American"). 137 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Black"). 138 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Inuit"). 139 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Eastern European"). 140 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "East Asian " "Southeast Asian"). 141 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Central Asian " "Middle Eastern " "West Asian"). 142 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Caribbean"). 143 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "West Indian"). 144 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Hispanic"). 145 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Western European"). 146 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Czechoslovakian"). 147 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Yugoslavian"). 148 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Slavic"). 149 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Innu " "Montagnais"). 150 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Celtic"). 151 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "North American"). 152 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Dene"). 153 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Blackfoot"). 154 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Iroquois " "Haudenosaunee"). 155 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "North African"). 156 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "East African"). 157 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Anishinaabe"). 158 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Bantu"). 159 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Akan"). 160 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins not otherwise specified (e.g. "Central African " "West African"). 161 'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination group body or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a

This statistic shows the share of ethnic groups in Australia in the total population. 33 percent of the total population of Australia are english.

Australia’s population

Australia’s ethnic diversity can be attributed to their history and location. The country’s colonization from Europeans is a significant reason for the majority of its population being Caucasian. Additionally, being that Australia is one of the most developed countries closest to Eastern Asia; its Asian population comes as no surprise.

Australia is one of the world’s most developed countries, often earning recognition as one of the world’s economical leaders. With a more recent economic boom, Australia has become an attractive country for students and workers alike, who seek an opportunity to improve their lifestyle. Over the past decade, Australia’s population has slowly increased and is expected to continue to do so over the next several years. A beautiful landscape, many work opportunities and a high quality of life helped play a role in the country’s development. In 2011, Australia was considered to have one of the highest life expectancies in the world, with the average Australian living to approximately 82 years of age.

From an employment standpoint, Australia has maintained a rather low employment rate compared to many other developed countries. After experiencing a significant jump in unemployment in 2009, primarily due to the world economic crisis, Australia has been able to remain stable and slightly increase employment year-over-year.

Pairwise contrasts for sentence repetition accuracy.

In the Brexit referendum of 2016, 53 percent of white adults voted to leave the European Union, compared with 73 percent of black adults. Remain won the highest share of votes in every ethnic group, with the exception of people who identified as being white.

This feature layer was created using Census 2016 data produced by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) and NUTS 3 boundary data (generalised to 100m) produced by Tailte Éireann. The layer represents Census 2016 theme 2.2, the population usually resident in Ireland by ethnic or cultural background. Attributes include population breakdown by ethnicity or cultural background (e.g. Asian or Asian Irish, White Irish). Census 2016 theme 2 represents Migration, Ethnicity and Religion. The Census is carried out every five years by the CSO to determine an account of every person in Ireland. The results provide information on a range of themes, such as, population, housing and education. The data were sourced from the CSO. NUTS 3 boundaries generalised to 100m. The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) were drawn up by Eurostat in order to define territorial units for the production of regional statistics across the European Union. The NUTS classification has been used in EU legislation since 1988, but it was only in 2003 that the EU Member States, the European Parliament and the Commission established the NUTS regions within a legal framework (Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003). The Irish NUTS 3 regions comprise the eight Regional Authorities established under the Local Government Act, 1991 (Regional Authorities) (Establishment) Order, 1993 which came into operation on January 1st 1994. The NUTS 2 regions, which were proposed by Government and agreed to by Eurostat in 1999, are groupings of the Regional Authorities.

Assessment of clinical impact of chronic kidney disease staging according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria using adjusted and unadjusted CKD-EPI-GFR equation in a cohort of people of self-reported ‘Black Ethnicity’ receiving nephrology care in the United Kingdom (excluding patients receiving dialysis).

This study will use De Souza and Schmader's (in prep; also see De Souza & Schmader, 2021) taxonomy of intentional allyship action to gain a more nuanced understanding of the different actions that can be taken to address racism. The taxonomy divides actions by both type, either proactive or reactive action, and by level, either individual, interpersonal or institutional/cultural. Using this framework, our study will investigate if there are differences in perceived responsibilities specifically for two racial/ethnic groups: Black/African Americans and White European Americans.

Cohort characteristics, stratified by ethnicity.

Traditionally in the United States, voters who identify as white have the highest turnout rate of all major ethnic groups; when white voters of non-Hispanic origin (defined as European Americans, Middle Eastern Americans and North African Americans) are analyzed separately, the turnout rate increases further. In the past four decades, turnout among non-Hispanic white voters has fluctuated between 59 and 70 percent; three to five percent more than all white voters. In the six most recent elections, over seventy percent of non-Hispanic white people aged 65 and above have voted in presidential elections. In contrast to this, the youngest age bracket of non-Hispanic white voters, those aged 18 to 24 years old, had a turnout rate of just 37 percent in some years; this group still generally has the highest turnout rate among all ethnicities of this age, although black voters aged 18 to 24 did have the highest turnout rate in the 2008 and 2012 elections.

Mean: means adjusted for sex, age, observer, month and school (random effect).95% CI: 95% confidence interval of the mean.¶Estimates adjusted for ethnicity (all groups included).‡interaction test of NS-SEC and main ethnic groups (white European, black African-Caribbean, South Asian) and excluding “unclassified” NS-SEC group fitting NS-SEC as an ordinal variable.§interaction test of NS-SEC and main ethnic groups (white European, black African-Caribbean, South Asian) and excluding “unclassified” NS-SEC group fitting NS-SEC as a categorical variable.†per NS-SEC decrement from professional to economically inactive (excluding unclassified group).€per NS-SEC decrement from professional to routine &manual (excluding economically inactive and unclassified groups).*p-value for NS-SEC fitted as an unordered nominal variable (excluding unclassified group).Note: Percentage variance due to school differences: height 0.3%, weight 0.9%, ponderal index 1.3%.

Brazil and the United States are the two most populous countries in the Americas today. In 1500, the year that Pedro Álvares Cabral made landfall in present-day Brazil and claimed it for the Portuguese crown, it is estimated that there were roughly one million people living in the region. Some estimates for the present-day United States give a population of two million in the year 1500, although estimates vary greatly. By 1820, the population of the U.S. was still roughly double that of Brazil, but rapid growth in the 19th century would see it grow 4.5 times larger by 1890, before the difference shrunk during the 20th century. In 2024, the U.S. has a population over 340 million people, making it the third most populous country in the world, while Brazil has a population of almost 218 million and is the sixth most populous. Looking to the future, population growth is expected to be lower in Brazil than in the U.S. in the coming decades, as Brazil's fertility rates are already lower, and migration rates into the United States will be much higher. Historical development The indigenous peoples of present-day Brazil and the U.S. were highly susceptible to diseases brought from the Old World; combined with mass displacement and violence, their population growth rates were generally low, therefore migration from Europe and the import of enslaved Africans drove population growth in both regions. In absolute numbers, more Europeans migrated to North America than Brazil, whereas more slaves were transported to Brazil than the U.S., but European migration to Brazil increased significantly in the early 1900s. The U.S. also underwent its demographic transition much earlier than in Brazil, therefore its peak period of population growth was almost a century earlier than Brazil. Impact of ethnicity The demographics of these countries are often compared, not only because of their size, location, and historical development, but also due to the role played by ethnicity. In the mid-1800s, these countries had the largest slave societies in the world, but a major difference between the two was the attitude towards interracial procreation. In Brazil, relationships between people of different ethnic groups were more common and less stigmatized than in the U.S., where anti-miscegenation laws prohibited interracial relationships in many states until the 1960s. Racial classification was also more rigid in the U.S., and those of mixed ethnicity were usually classified by their non-white background. In contrast, as Brazil has a higher degree of mixing between those of ethnic African, American, and European heritage, classification is less obvious, and factors such as physical appearance or societal background were often used to determine racial standing. For most of the 20th century, Brazil's government promoted the idea that race was a non-issue and that Brazil was racially harmonious, but most now acknowledge that this actually ignored inequality and hindered progress. Racial inequality has been a prevalent problem in both countries since their founding, and today, whites generally fare better in terms of education, income, political representation, and even life expectancy. Despite this adversity, significant progress has been made in recent decades, as public awareness of inequality has increased, and authorities in both countries have made steps to tackle disparities in areas such as education, housing, and employment.

The protected characteristics of disabled and non-disabled people in England and Wales, using Census 2021 data. Data estimates provided are as on Census Day, 21 March 2021.

To ensure that individuals cannot be identified in the data, counts and populations have been rounded to the nearest 5, and counts under 10 have not been included. All figures are individually rounded. Totals may not sum exactly because of this rounding.

Age groups are based on an individual's age on their last birthday, as of Census Day, 21 March 2021. The age groups used reflect the European Standard Population (2013).

Age-standardised percentage

The age-standardised percentage of disabled people is that which would have occurred if the observed age-specific percentage of disability had applied in the European Standard Population (ESP).

Age-specific percentage

Age-specific percentage is calculated for each age group:

Mk = (dk / pk) x 100%

where:

Mk = percentage of disabled people in age group k

dk = the number of disabled people in age group k

pk = Census 2021 population in age group k

k = age group

Category

The measures of disability, ethnic group, legal partnership status, religion or sexual orientation in Census 2021 enable different categorisations of responses to the question. These provide different levels of detail from the responses provided.

Count

The count is the number of usual residents in each category (Disabled, Non-disabled, Disabled; limited a lot, Disabled; limited a little, Non-disabled; with non-limiting condition, Non-disabled; no condition), sex, age group and geographic breakdown. To ensure that individuals cannot be identified in the data, counts and populations have been rounded to the nearest 5, and counts under 10 have not been included..

Disability

The definition of disability used in the 2021 Census is aligned with the definition of disability under the Equality Act (2010). A person is considered disabled if they self-report having a physical or mental health condition or illness that has lasted or is expected to last 12 months or more, and that this reduces their ability to carry out day-to-day activities. The detailed response categories are:

• Non-disabled; no condition.
• Non-disabled; with non-limiting condition.
• Disabled; limited a little.
• Disabled; limited a lot.

Ethnic group

The ethnic group that the person completing the census feels they belong to. This could be based on their culture, family background, identity, or physical appearance. There were two stages to the ethnic group question. The respondent identifies first through one of the following high-level options before selecting a tick-box:

• Asian, Asian British, or Asian Welsh
• Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African
• Mixed or Multiple
• White
• Other ethnic group

Following this, respondents could choose 1 out of 19 tick-box response categories, including write-in response options.

Legal partnership status

Classifies a person according to their legal marital or registered civil partnership status on Census Day, 21 March 2021. The six categories are:

• Civil partnership.
• Divorced or formerly in a civil partnership.
• Married.
• Never married and never registered a civil partnership.
• Separated, but still legally married or still legally in a civil partnership.
• Widowed or surviving partner from a civil partnership.

Population

The population is the number of usual residents of each sex, age group and geographic breakdown. These have been rounded.

Religion

The religion people connect or identify with (their religious affiliation), whether or not they practise or have belief in it. The nine categories are:

• No religion.
• Christian (including Church of England, Catholic, Protestant and all other Christian denominations).
• Buddhist.
• Hindu.
• Jewish.
• Muslim.
• Sikh.
• Other religion.
• Not answered.

Sexual orientation

Sexual orientation is an umbrella term covering sexual identity, attraction, and behaviour. For an individual respondent, these may not be the same. The five categories are:

• Straight or heterosexual.
• Gay or lesbian.
• Bisexual.
• All other sexual orientations.
• Not answered.

Usual resident

For Census 2021, a usual resident of the UK is anyone who, on census day, was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for a period of 12 months or more or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK and intended to be outside the UK for less than 12 months.

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the association between age-at-migration and psychosis, following multiple imputation.