Many sports are played in the United States, either as hobbies or professional careers. During a 2019 survey, 38 percent of white respondents stated that their favorite sport was American football, while 23 percent had no favorite sport at all.

Professional sports leagues in North America have traditionally been home to athletes from many backgrounds and ethnicities. In the 2023 season, over ** percent of the players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) were African American. In comparison, **** percent of NBA athletes were white and *** percent were Hispanic.

In this telephone survey, respondents were asked about their attitudes towards athletes and race. Topics included: the media's treatment of black and white athletes, reasons for the high percentage of blacks in sports, fans of the opposite race's reaction to all-white or all-black teams

A December 2022 survey in the United States revealed that there were notable variations in the enjoyment of extreme sports or activities based on ethnicity. While ** percent of Black respondents loved participating in extreme sports, this figure fell to only **** percent among Hispanic respondents. Conversely, ** percent of white respondents expressed their dislike of extreme sports, compared to only ** percent of Black respondents.

In the 2024 academic year, just over 540 thousand students competed in NCAA sports across the United States. White NCAA athletes made up just over 60 percent of this athlete population, with a total of 332,016 white athletes competing in NCAA college sports in this year.

IntroductionWithin Brazilian sports, Black individuals are significantly underrepresented in leadership roles, a disparity especially evident in elite sporting spheres, which remain highly exclusive. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of Black elite basketball coaches regarding the impact of racism on their professional trajectories within Brazilian professional basketball leagues.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with four Black professional basketball coaches (two men and two women) working or who had worked in Brazil’s primary leagues, the NBB (Novo Basquete Brasil—New Basketball Brazil) and the LBF (Liga de Basquete Feminino—Women’s Basketball League). Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsFive broad themes and seven subthemes emerged from the narratives: (1) Support Network, encompassing the individuals, events, and environments that shaped their careers; (2) Combating Racism, detailing strategies developed to cope with racism, with two subthemes: (a) Blaming the Victim, and (b) Dealing with Racism; (3) Barriers, describing obstacles that complicated their professional journeys, with three subthemes: (a) Questioning Professional Competence, (b) Disadvantages, and (c) Perception of Structural Racism; (4) Black Individuals in Leadership Roles, emphasizing the importance of visibility and representation, with two subthemes: (a) Identity, capturing their self-recognition as Black individuals, and (b) Importance of Black Individuals in Leadership Roles; and (5) Accumulation of Prejudices, highlighting the compounded effects of racial and other intersecting biases.DiscussionThe findings emphasize the urgent need for policies promoting a more inclusive and equitable environment for Black basketball coaches in Brazil. Tailored interventions addressing the unique challenges encountered by Black male and female coaches could mitigate the impacts of structural racism. Implementing such strategies could foster a more just landscape within Brazilian basketball, providing Black coaches with enhanced opportunities to succeed and contribute in leadership roles.

Between November 2023 and November 2024, around **** percent of white British people in England aged 16 years and above were physically active. This represented a small increase on the previous survey period.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: North Caucasian Federal District: Services: Sports Services data was reported at 101.080 Prev Mth=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 100.110 Prev Mth=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: North Caucasian Federal District: Services: Sports Services data is updated monthly, averaging 100.090 Prev Mth=100 from Jan 2009 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 195 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 108.950 Prev Mth=100 in May 2009 and a record low of 98.490 Prev Mth=100 in Jul 2018. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: North Caucasian Federal District: Services: Sports Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB056: Consumer Price Index: North Caucasian Federal District.

The National Basketball Association has one of the highest percentages of African American players from the big four professional sports leagues in North America. In 2023, approximately **** percent of NBA players were African American. Meanwhile, ethnically white players constituted a **** percent share of all NBA players that year. After the WNBA and NBA, the National Football League had the largest share of African Americans in a professional sports league in North America. How do other roles in the NBA compare? When it comes to African American representation in the NBA, no other role in the NBA is as well represented by African Americans as players. Meanwhile, on the opposite end of the scale, less than **** percent of team governors in the NBA were African American in 2023. During the 2022/23 season, the role with the second-highest share of African Americans was head coach, with a share of ** percent. That season, the number of African American head coaches in the NBA exceeded the number of white head coaches for the first time. African Americans in the NFL In 2022, the greatest share of players by ethnicity in the NFL were African American, with more than half of all NFL players falling within this group. The representation of African Americans in American Football extended beyond the playing field, with **** percent of NFL assistant coaches being African American in 2022 as well. However, positions such as vice presidents and head coaches were less representative of the African American population, as less than ** percent of the individuals fulfilling these roles in 2022 were African American.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: North Caucasian Federal District: Services: Sports Services data was reported at 102.420 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.330 Prev Dec=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: North Caucasian Federal District: Services: Sports Services data is updated monthly, averaging 101.610 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2009 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 195 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 120.930 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2009 and a record low of 99.550 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2011. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: North Caucasian Federal District: Services: Sports Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB056: Consumer Price Index: North Caucasian Federal District.

AS – Average score Race – Whether the student is white, black or Hispanic; Male – 1 if male, 0 if female; ParEd – Parents Education by Category; HoursKids – Time parents spend with kids, in hours; GradestImport – Where parents believe that grades are important (1 = important); Attend – How many times the student attends the afterschool event; HourStudy – How much time student studies at home (in hours); Sports – 1 if a student plays sports, otherwise 0

In 2023, the greatest share of players by ethnic group in the National Football League (NFL) were black or African American athletes, constituting just over ** percent of players within the NFL. Despite the large population of Hispanic or Latino people within the United States, there is a substantial underrepresentation within the NFL, with only *** percent of players identifying as such. National Football League The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league that was established in 1920 and now consists of 32 clubs divided into two conferences, the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC). The league culminates in the Super Bowl, the NFL's annual championship game. As the league’s championship game, the Super Bowl has grown into one of the world's largest single-day sporting events, attracting high television ratings and generating billions of dollars in consumer spending. NFL revenues The NFL is one of the most profitable sports leagues in the world, generating a staggering **** billion U.S. dollars in 2022. This total revenue of all ** NFL teams has constantly increased over the past 15 years and, although this figure dropped significantly in 2020, this was largely as a result of the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) containment measures. This significant drop in revenue demonstrates one of the primary impacts of COVID-19 on professional sports leagues. NFL franchises As a result of this profitability in non-pandemic times, the franchises of the NFL are attributed extremely high market values. The Dallas Cowboys were by far the most valuable franchise in the NFL, with a market value of **** billion US dollars in 2023. The high value of NFL franchises can be seen clearly when compared to those of the NBA, MLB, and NHL. Franchises within the NFL had an average market value of approximately *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023.

Data from short-term resistance exercise training on cardio-metabolic health in Caucasian and South Asian males.

Background: Asian representation in sport is increasing, yet there remains a lack of reference values for the Asian athlete's heart. Consequently, current guidelines for cardiovascular screening recommend using Caucasian athletes' norms to evaluate Asian athletes. This study aims to outline electrocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the Asian athlete's heart using a Singaporean prospective registry of Southeast (SE) Asian athletes.Methods and Results: One hundred and fifty elite athletes, mean age of 26.1 ± 5.7 years (50% males, 88% Chinese), were evaluated using a questionnaire, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiogram. All ECGs were analyzed using the 2017 International Recommendations. Echocardiographic data were presented by gender and sporting discipline. The prevalence of abnormal ECGs among SE Asian athletes was 6.7%—higher than reported figures for Caucasian athletes. The abnormal ECGs comprised mainly anterior T wave inversions (ATWI) beyond lead V2, predominantly in female athletes from mixed/endurance sport (9.3% prevalence amongst females). None had echocardiographic structural abnormalities. Male athletes had reduced global longitudinal strain compared to females (−18.7 ± 1.6 vs. −20.7 ± 2.1%, p < 0.001). Overall, SE Asian athletes had smaller left ventricular cavity sizes and wall thickness compared to non-Asian athletes.Conclusion: SE Asian athletes have higher abnormal ECG rates compared to Caucasian athletes, and also demonstrate structural differences that should be accounted for when interpreting their echocardiograms compared to athletes of other ethnicities.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Republic of Dagestan: Services: Sports Services data was reported at 103.110 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 103.110 Prev Dec=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Republic of Dagestan: Services: Sports Services data is updated monthly, averaging 102.550 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 279 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 133.490 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2012 and a record low of 98.990 Prev Dec=100 in Aug 2005. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Republic of Dagestan: Services: Sports Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB057: Consumer Price Index: North Caucasian Federal District: Republic of Dagestan.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Chechen Republic: Services: Sports Services data was reported at 100.000 Prev Mth=100 in Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 Prev Mth=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Chechen Republic: Services: Sports Services data is updated monthly, averaging 100.000 Prev Mth=100 from Jan 2007 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 219 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 173.630 Prev Mth=100 in Apr 2008 and a record low of 99.160 Prev Mth=100 in May 2017. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Chechen Republic: Services: Sports Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB062: Consumer Price Index: North Caucasian Federal District: Chechen Republic.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Republic of Dagestan: Services: Sports Services data was reported at 100.000 Prev Mth=100 in Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 Prev Mth=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Republic of Dagestan: Services: Sports Services data is updated monthly, averaging 100.000 Prev Mth=100 from Jan 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 279 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 123.240 Prev Mth=100 in Mar 2008 and a record low of 98.990 Prev Mth=100 in Mar 2005. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Republic of Dagestan: Services: Sports Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB057: Consumer Price Index: North Caucasian Federal District: Republic of Dagestan.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Republic of Ingushetia: Services: Sports Services data was reported at 100.000 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 Prev Dec=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Republic of Ingushetia: Services: Sports Services data is updated monthly, averaging 100.000 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 159 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102.890 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2004 and a record low of 100.000 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Republic of Ingushetia: Services: Sports Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB058: Consumer Price Index: North Caucasian Federal District: Republic of Ingushetia.

College sports are very popular in the United States and the championships are organized in divisions around different sports sanctioned mainly by the NCAA, the largest college sports organization. In 2022, an estimated **** percent of male student athletes in United States were white, while **** percent were African American.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Republic of Ingushetia: Services: Sports Services data was reported at 100.000 Prev Mth=100 in Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 Prev Mth=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Republic of Ingushetia: Services: Sports Services data is updated monthly, averaging 100.000 Prev Mth=100 from Jan 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 159 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102.310 Prev Mth=100 in Nov 2004 and a record low of 100.000 Prev Mth=100 in Mar 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Republic of Ingushetia: Services: Sports Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB058: Consumer Price Index: North Caucasian Federal District: Republic of Ingushetia.