In 2024, around 50 children were born per 1,000 white women in the United States. This birth rate was the same among the Black female population. The highest birth rate among various race and ethnic groups in the U.S. was recorded among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander mothers, at 58 births per 1,000.

The total fertility rate of the world has dropped from around 5 children per woman in 1950, to 2.2 children per woman in 2025, which means that women today are having fewer than half the number of children that women did 75 years ago. Replacement level fertility This change has come as a result of the global demographic transition, and is influenced by factors such as the significant reduction in infant and child mortality, reduced number of child marriages, increased educational and vocational opportunities for women, and the increased efficacy and availability of contraception. While this change has become synonymous with societal progress, it does have wide-reaching demographic impact - if the global average falls below replacement level (roughly 2.1 children per woman), as is expected to happen in the 2050s, then this will lead to long-term population decline on a global scale. Regional variations When broken down by continent, Africa is the only region with a fertility rate above the global average, and, alongside Oceania, it is the only region with a fertility rate above replacement level. Until the 1980s, the average woman in Africa could expect to have 6-7 children over the course of their lifetime, and there are still several countries in Africa where women can still expect to have 5 or more children in 2025. Historically, Europe has had the lowest fertility rates in the world over the past century, falling below replacement level in 1975. Europe's population has grown through a combination of migration and increasing life expectancy, however even high immigration rates could not prevent its population from going into decline in 2021.

Number and percentage of live births, by month of birth, 1991 to most recent year.

The statistic shows the 20 countries with the lowest fertility rates in 2024. All figures are estimates. In 2024, the fertility rate in Taiwan was estimated to be at 1.11 children per woman, making it the lowest fertility rate worldwide. Fertility rate The fertility rate is the average number of children born per woman of child-bearing age in a country. Usually, a woman aged between 15 and 45 is considered to be in her child-bearing years. The fertility rate of a country provides an insight into its economic state, as well as the level of health and education of its population. Developing countries usually have a higher fertility rate due to lack of access to birth control and contraception, and to women usually foregoing a higher education, or even any education at all, in favor of taking care of housework. Many families in poorer countries also need their children to help provide for the family by starting to work early and/or as caretakers for their parents in old age. In developed countries, fertility rates and birth rates are usually much lower, as birth control is easier to obtain and women often choose a career before becoming a mother. Additionally, if the number of women of child-bearing age declines, so does the fertility rate of a country. As can be seen above, countries like Hong Kong are a good example for women leaving the patriarchal structures and focusing on their own career instead of becoming a mother at a young age, causing a decline of the country’s fertility rate. A look at the fertility rate per woman worldwide by income group also shows that women with a low income tend to have more children than those with a high income. The United States are neither among the countries with the lowest, nor among those with the highest fertility rate, by the way. At 2.08 children per woman, the fertility rate in the US has been continuously slightly below the global average of about 2.4 children per woman over the last decade.

This table provides statistics on the Number of Births, Percent of Low/High Birth Weight, Birth Rate, Fertility Rate, Teen Birth Rate, Percent Maternal Prenatal Smoking . This indicator dataset contains information at both Local Geographic Area (for example, Lacombe, Red Deer - North, Calgary - West Bow, etc.) and Alberta levels. Local geographic area refers to 132 geographic areas created by Alberta Health (AH) and Alberta Health Services (AHS) based on census boundaries. This table is the part of "Alberta Health Primary Health Care - Community Profiles" report published March 2015.

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Fertility Services Market Size 2025-2029

The fertility services market size is forecast to increase by USD 9.53 billion, at a CAGR of 7.8% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is a continually evolving landscape, driven by various factors that shape its dynamics. One significant trend is the increasing demand for fertility treatments due to the rising prevalence of late parenthood. According to recent studies, the number of women giving birth over the age of 35 has increased by 23.3% in the last decade. This demographic shift has led to a surge in demand for assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Moreover, the market is also influenced by the growing incidence of prostate cancer, which can impact male fertility. According to the American Cancer Society, there will be approximately 193,000 new cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in the US in 2022.
This statistic underscores the importance of fertility services in addressing the reproductive health needs of cancer survivors. Despite these growth opportunities, the market faces challenges, including high complication rates associated with fertility treatments. For instance, the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) are significant concerns. These complications can lead to increased healthcare costs and potential long-term health risks for patients. The market is a complex and dynamic industry, shaped by demographic trends, health concerns, and technological advancements. As the demand for fertility treatments continues to rise, stakeholders must navigate the challenges and opportunities that come with this evolving landscape.

Major Market Trends & Insights

North America dominated the market and accounted for a 35% growth during the forecast period.
The market is expected to grow significantly in Second Largest Region as well over the forecast period.
By the Service, the Treatment services sub-segment was valued at USD 6.65 billion in 2023
By the End-user, the Fertility clinics sub-segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 89.23 billion
Future Opportunities: USD USD 9.53 billion 
CAGR : 7.8%
North America: Largest market in 2023

What will be the Size of the Fertility Services Market during the forecast period?

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Fertility services encompass a range of medical interventions and technologies designed to help individuals and couples achieve pregnancy. One significant area within this market is the use of fertility medications, which play a crucial role in assisted reproductive technology (ART). According to recent reports, approximately 12% of women in the United States have used some form of fertility medication. ART involves various techniques, including artificial insemination, ovulation predictor kits, and ovarian stimulation protocols, among others. Cervical mucus plays a vital role in the natural process of conception, but ART may bypass this step through the use of intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF).
In IUI, semen cryopreservation is essential for the success of the procedure. Ovarian stimulation protocols, such as ovulation induction, are commonly used in ART to increase the number of mature follicles and improve the chances of successful pregnancy. Ovulation predictor kits help individuals monitor their menstrual cycle and identify the most fertile days for conception. Despite the advancements in fertility services, challenges persist. Miscarriage rates remain a concern, with approximately 10-20% of known pregnancies ending in miscarriage. Blastocyst development is a critical factor in the success of ART, with implantation rate and pregnancy rate being essential indicators of treatment efficacy.
Reproductive endocrinology, a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology, focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Donor insemination and ectopic pregnancy are other areas of fertility services that have gained increasing attention. Embryo culture media and ultrasound imaging are essential tools used in the field to monitor the development of embryos and assess the progress of pregnancies. Looking ahead, the market is expected to grow substantially. According to market reports, the global ART market is projected to expand at a significant rate, with an increase of around 15% in the number of ART cycles performed annually.
This growth is driven by factors such as rising infertility rates, increasing awareness, and advancements in technology. Comparing the growth rates of different regions, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth in the ART market due to factors such as increasing disposable income, changing social norms, and government initiatives to promote fertility treatments

a Includes Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala and Panamab Adjusted for infant sex, maternal age groups (

This statistic shows the average life expectancy in North America for those born in 2022, by gender and region. In Canada, the average life expectancy was 80 years for males and 84 years for females.

Life expectancy in North America

Of those considered in this statistic, the life expectancy of female Canadian infants born in 2021 was the longest, at 84 years. Female infants born in America that year had a similarly high life expectancy of 81 years. Male infants, meanwhile, had lower life expectancies of 80 years (Canada) and 76 years (USA).

Compare this to the worldwide life expectancy for babies born in 2021: 75 years for women and 71 years for men. Of continents worldwide, North America ranks equal first in terms of life expectancy of (77 years for men and 81 years for women). Life expectancy is lowest in Africa at just 63 years and 66 years for males and females respectively. Japan is the country with the highest life expectancy worldwide for babies born in 2020.

Life expectancy is calculated according to current mortality rates of the population in question. Global variations in life expectancy are caused by differences in medical care, public health and diet, and reflect global inequalities in economic circumstances. Africa’s low life expectancy, for example, can be attributed in part to the AIDS epidemic. In 2019, around 72,000 people died of AIDS in South Africa, the largest amount worldwide. Nigeria, Tanzania and India were also high on the list of countries ranked by AIDS deaths that year. Likewise, Africa has by far the highest rate of mortality by communicable disease (i.e. AIDS, neglected tropics diseases, malaria and tuberculosis).

Baby Skincare Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Baby Skincare market size was valued at $12.8 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $21.4 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 5.7% during 2024–2033. The primary driver fueling this robust growth is the increasing awareness among parents regarding the importance of safe, gentle, and effective skincare products for infants and toddlers. As consumers become more conscious about the ingredients and formulations used in baby skincare, there is a marked shift towards products that are hypoallergenic, dermatologist-tested, and free from harsh chemicals. This trend is further amplified by the rising birth rates in emerging economies and the proliferation of online platforms, which have made premium and organic baby skincare products more accessible to a wider demographic. The convergence of these factors is reshaping the global baby skincare landscape, creating new opportunities for innovation and market expansion.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share of the global baby skincare market, accounting for approximately 32% of total market revenue in 2024. This dominance can be attributed to the region’s mature retail infrastructure, high disposable incomes, and a well-established culture of premium baby care. Parents in the United States and Canada exhibit a strong preference for branded, organic, and clinically tested products, driving steady demand across both traditional and digital retail channels. Additionally, stringent regulatory guidelines imposed by agencies such as the FDA and Health Canada ensure high product quality and safety, further reinforcing consumer trust. The presence of global market leaders and a high rate of product innovation also contribute to North America’s continued leadership in the baby skincare sector.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market for baby skincare products, with an anticipated CAGR of 7.1% from 2024 to 2033. This impressive growth is primarily driven by rising birth rates in populous countries such as China, India, and Indonesia, coupled with increasing urbanization and a burgeoning middle class. Parents in these markets are becoming more informed about pediatric skincare, leading to a surge in demand for both international and local brands. Government initiatives promoting maternal and child health, alongside expanding e-commerce penetration, are making baby skincare products more accessible across urban and semi-urban areas. The region is also witnessing significant investment from multinational corporations, which are introducing tailored products and aggressive marketing campaigns to capture local consumer preferences.

Emerging economies in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are experiencing a gradual uptick in baby skincare product adoption, although growth is tempered by economic and infrastructural challenges. In these regions, localized demand is influenced by cultural practices, limited consumer awareness, and varying regulatory frameworks. However, as disposable incomes rise and healthcare awareness improves, these markets are increasingly attracting attention from both local and international players. Retail expansion, particularly through supermarkets and online channels, is helping to bridge product accessibility gaps. Nonetheless, challenges such as counterfeit products, inconsistent quality standards, and limited distribution networks continue to pose hurdles to widespread adoption and market penetration.

Report Scope

This is Statistics Canada collected census data for 2016. The data refers only to the population in private households. Residents of collective dwellings (dwellings of a commercial, institutional or communal nature) are excluded. Calgary geographic boundaries are from the municipal 2021 Census by Ward.

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Baby Toiletries Market Size 2025-2029

The baby toiletries market size is forecast to increase by USD 8.59 billion at a CAGR of 6.3% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by key trends such as product portfolio extension and innovation leading to product premiumization. Manufacturers are responding to consumer demand for high-quality, multipurpose baby toiletry products, which offer convenience and value. However, the market also faces challenges, including the prevalence of bathroom counterfeit products. These fake items not only undermine brand reputation but also pose a risk to consumer safety. As the market continues to evolve, companies must prioritize product innovation, quality, and consumer safety to stay competitive. By addressing these trends and challenges, the market is poised for continued growth in the coming years.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses a wide range of clean and natural products designed to maintain the hygiene and well-being of infants. These products include moisturizing body washes, baby hair oils, diaper rash creams, baby massage oils, and organic baby shampoos. Parents increasingly prefer natural and organic ingredients for their babies, eschewing harsh chemicals such as benzethonium chloride, phthalates, and formaldehyde, which have been linked to skin allergies and other health concerns. E-commerce and online websites have revolutionized the market, making it more accessible to consumers. Parents can now easily purchase these essential items from the comfort of their homes. The rise of vegan beauty brands in the market further caters to the growing demand for clean and ethical products.
The baby hygiene sector is driven by several factors, including the birth rate, increasing awareness of health and well-being, and the growing preference for natural and organic products. Packaging solutions that prioritize sustainability and eco-friendliness are also gaining popularity. Herbal products, in particular, have gained traction due to their natural and gentle properties. Despite the growing demand for natural and organic baby toiletries, there are still concerns regarding the use of certain chemicals in these products. Parents must remain vigilant and read labels carefully to ensure they are purchasing products that align with their values and prioritize their baby's health.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Geography

  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy


  North America

    Canada
    US


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Distribution Channel Insights

The offline segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market encompasses the sale of diapers, skincare products, and wipes for infants and toddlers. Offline distribution channels, including specialty stores, hypermarkets, supermarkets, and drugstores, account for a significant portion of revenue. However, the shift towards online shopping has led to a gradual decline in offline sales. In response, companies are expanding their retail presence in local and regional markets. The market is competitive, with retailers introducing innovative strategies to sustain growth. Baby toiletries include diapers, water wipes, protective skincare products, baby oils, and lotions. Vegan beauty brands are gaining popularity, leading to an increase in demand for natural and synthetic chemical-free skincare products.

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The offline segment was valued at USD 18.27 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

Europe is estimated to contribute 31% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market is projected to expand at a consistent pace over the forecast period. Major contributors to this market growth are the increasing standard of living, the introduction of innovative products, and the strong brand value of premium baby toiletries. Germany and the UK dominate the market in terms of value share. companies cater to diverse consumer preferences by offering a range of variants and price points. In Europe, the demand for natural and organic baby toiletries

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Baby Puffs And Snacks Market Size and Trends

The baby puffs and snacks market size is forecast to increase by USD 1.06 billion, at a CAGR of 5.36% between 2023 and 2028. The baby puffs and snacks market is experiencing significant growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing participation of women in the workforce has led to a higher demand for convenient and nutritious snack options for infants and toddlers. Moreover, packaging innovation continues to be a major trend in the market, with companies focusing on producing eco-friendly and reusable packaging to reduce waste and appeal to environmentally-conscious consumers. This makes baby food products an appealing option as they can combine health and nutrition with convenience. Organic baby foods and homemade alternatives are increasingly popular, offering pureed forms of vegetables and fruits free from chemicals and preservatives. However, the market faces challenges such as the declining birth rate and fertility rate in some regions, which may limit the size of the consumer base. Despite these challenges, the market is expected to continue growing due to the rising demand for healthy and convenient snack options for young children.

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The market is evolving to meet the growing demand for nutritious and convenient food options. With more women joining the workforce, parents seek ready-made puréed baby food and nutritious snacks that support toddler nutrition. As transitioning to solid foods becomes a crucial milestone, products like teething biscuits, yogurt melts, and rice cakes are designed to address allergen fears and supply chain disruptions. The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) is also enhancing the market by improving supply chain efficiency and ensuring non-GMO ingredients. Nutritional snacks, such as baby puffs, are crafted to be both convenient and healthful, catering to busy families who prioritize child health. This shift towards organic and allergen-free options reflects broader trends in consumer preferences for clean and wholesome foods.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million ' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018 - 2022 for the following segments.

Product Outlook

  Baby puffs
  Baby snacks





Region Outlook

  North America

    The U.S.
    Canada





  Europe

    U.K.
    Germany
    France
    Rest of Europe





  APAC

    China
    India


  South America

    Chile
    Brazil
    Argentina





  Middle East & Africa

    Saudi Arabia
    South Africa
    Rest of the Middle East & Africa

By Product Insights

The baby puffs segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The Baby Puffs and Snacks market caters to the nutritional needs of toddlers transitioning from liquid to solid food. With an increasing number of women in the workforce, the demand for ready-made baby food, including puffs and snacks, has surged. These products offer essential nutrients such as proteins, calcium, iron, and vitamin D, crucial for a toddler's growth. Packaging innovations, including leakage protection and extended shelf-life, have been instrumental in the growth of this market.

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The baby puffs segment accounted for USD 1.89 billion in 2018. Online sales have also gained popularity due to their convenience, especially among nuclear families with limited time for grocery shopping. Parental awareness regarding hygiene and food safety has led to the preference for high-quality, organic options. The baby products industry, including baby foods and infant snacks, has seen a trend towards nutritious, gluten-free, and advertising-free offerings. Regulatory restrictions ensure the safety and quality of these products. Parenting trends have shifted towards providing nutrient-rich snacks for babysitters to feed toddlers, making the market increasingly competitive. Family planning and the rise of nuclear families have further fueled the demand for convenient, nutritious snack options for toddlers.

Regional Analysis

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North America is estimated to contribute 30% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period. The baby puffs and snacks market caters to the nutritional needs of toddlers transitioning from liquid to solid food. As more women join the workforce, the demand for ready-made, nutritious baby food has surged. Innovations in packaging, such as leakage protection and extended shelf-life, have made these products convenient for busy parents. The baby puffs and sn

It is presumed that the first humans migrated from Siberia to North America approximately twelve thousand years ago, where they then moved southwards to warmer lands. It was not until many centuries later that humans returned to the north and began to settle regions that are now part of Canada. Despite a few short-lived Viking settlements on Newfoundland around the turn of the first millennium CE, the Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), became the first European to explore the coast of North America in the late 1400s. The French and British crowns both made claims to areas of Canada throughout the sixteenth century, but real colonization and settlement did not begin until the early seventeenth century. Over the next 150 years, France and Britain competed to take control of the booming fur and fishing trade, and to expand their overseas empires. In the Seven Year's War, Britain eventually defeated the French colonists in North America, through superior numbers and a stronger agriculture resources in the southern colonies, and the outcome of the war saw France cede practically all of it's colonies in North America to the British.

Increased migration and declining native populations

The early 1800s saw a large influx of migrants into Canada, with the Irish Potato Famine bringing the first wave of mass-migration to the country, with further migration coming from Scandinavia and Northern Europe. It is estimated that the region received just shy of one million migrants from the British Isles alone, between 1815 and 1850, which helped the population grow to 2.5 million in the mid-1800s and 5.5 million in 1900. It is also estimated that infectious diseases killed around 25 to 33 percent of all Europeans who migrated to Canada before 1891, and around a third of the Canadian population is estimated to have emigrated southwards to the United States in the 1871-1896 period. From the time of European colonization until the mid-nineteenth century, the native population of Canada dropped from roughly 500,000 (some estimates put it as high as two million) to just over 100,000; this was due to a mixture of disease, starvation and warfare, instigated by European migration to the region. The native population was generally segregated and oppressed until the second half of the 1900s; Native Canadians were given the vote in 1960, and, despite their complicated and difficult history, the Canadian government has made significant progress in trying to include indigenous cultures in the country's national identity in recent years. As of 2020, Indigenous Canadians make up more than five percent of the total Canadian population, and a higher birth rate means that this share of the population is expected to grow in the coming decades.

Independence and modern Canada

Canadian independence was finally acknowledged in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster, putting it on equal terms with the United Kingdom within the Commonwealth; virtually granting independence and sovereignty until the Canada Act of 1982 formalized it. Over the past century, Canada has had a relatively stable political system and economy (although it was hit particularly badly by the Wall Street Crash of 1929). Canada entered the First World War with Britain, and as an independent Allied Power in the Second World War; Canadian forces played pivotal roles in a number of campaigns, notably Canada's Hundred Days in WWI, and the country lost more than 100,000 men across both conflicts. The economy boomed in the aftermath of the Second World War, and a stream of socially democratic programs such as universal health care and the Canadian pension plan were introduced, which contributed to a rise in the standard of living. The post war period also saw various territories deciding to join Canada, with Newfoundland joining in 1949, and Nunavut in 1999. Today Canada is among the most highly ranked in countries in terms of civil liberties, quality of life and economic growth. It promotes and welcomes immigrants from all over the world and, as a result, it has one of the most ethnically diverse and multicultural populations of any country in the world. As of 2020, Canada's population stands at around 38 million people, and continues to grow due to high migration levels and life expectancy, and a steady birth rate.

Among all countries that are part of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Turkey, followed by Korea, had the highest rate of Caesarean section births (or C-sections) in 2022. At that time, the rate of C-sections in Turkey was roughly 600 per 1,000 live births. Among global regions, Latin America and the Caribbean had the highest percentage of births that were delivered by C-section, while sub-Saharan Africa had the lowest rates of Cesarean section births. Cesarean section costs A Cesarean section is a form of birth where the baby is taken out through a surgical incision in the abdomen rather than a natural vaginal birth. The cost of a Cesarean section delivery varies globally, with the United States having the highest cost globally for Cesarean section deliveries, while Germany the lowest cost among selected countries worldwide. In the United States, C-sections are significantly more expensive than a delivery by vaginal birth. High C-sections rates in the U.S. Over the past 20 years the C-section rate in the U.S. has gradually been increasing with more stable trends in the past few years. It has been reported that many of the C-sections performed in the U.S. are elective and not necessary. Often, the risks of C-sections are greater than the benefits, when performed as an elective procedure. Therefore, the United States has a "healthy people target" for the c-section rate of first time, low-risk mothers. However, less than half of hospitals are meeting the national targets for Cesarean sections performed.