Trinidad and Tobago TT: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data was reported at 6.780 TTD/USD in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.669 TTD/USD for 2016. Trinidad and Tobago TT: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 4.047 TTD/USD from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.780 TTD/USD in 2017 and a record low of 1.714 TTD/USD in 1966. Trinidad and Tobago TT: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Trinidad and Tobago – Table TT.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

Brazil Lending Rate: per Month: Pre-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: Agiplan Financeira S.A. - CFI data was reported at 0.000 % per Month in 03 Jul 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % per Month for 02 Jul 2019. Brazil Lending Rate: per Month: Pre-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: Agiplan Financeira S.A. - CFI data is updated daily, averaging 0.000 % per Month from Jan 2012 (Median) to 03 Jul 2019, with 1817 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 % per Month in 03 Jul 2019 and a record low of 0.000 % per Month in 03 Jul 2019. Brazil Lending Rate: per Month: Pre-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: Agiplan Financeira S.A. - CFI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Interest and Foreign Exchange Rates – Table BR.MB011: Lending Rate: per Month: by Banks: Pre-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates. Lending Rate: Daily: Interest rates disclosed represent the total cost of the transaction to the client, also including taxes and operating. These rates correspond to the average fees in the period indicated in the tables. There are presented only institutions that had granted during the period determined. In general, institutions practicing different rates within the same type of credit. Thus, the rate charged to a customer may differ from the average. Several factors such as the time and volume of the transaction, as well as the guarantees offered, explain the differences between interest rates. Certain institutions grant allowance of the use of the term overdraft. However, this is not considered in the calculation of rates of this type. It should be noted that the overdraft is a modality that has high interest rates. Thus, its use should be restricted to short periods. If the customer needs resources for a longer period, should find ways to offer lower rates. The Brazilian Central Bank publishes these data with a delay about 20 days with relation to the reference period, thus allowing sufficient time for all Financial Institutions to deliver the relevant information. Interest rates presented in this set of tables correspond to averages weighted by the values of transactions conducted in the five working days specified in each table. These rates represent the average effective cost of loans to customers, consisting of the interest rates actually charged by financial institutions in their lending operations, increased tax burdens and operational incidents on the operations. The interest rates shown are the average of the rates charged in the various operations performed by financial institutions, in each modality. In one discipline, interest rates may differ between customers of the same financial institution. Interest rates vary according to several factors, such as the value and quality of collateral provided in the operation, the proportion of down payment operation, the history and the registration status of each client, the term of the transaction, among others . Institutions with “zero” did not operate on modalities for those periods or did not provide information to the Central Bank of Brazil. The Central Bank of Brazil assumes no responsibility for delay, error or other deficiency of information provided for purposes of calculating average rates presented in this

This dataset holds measurements of Cesium-137 (137Cs) activity sampled from sites in the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins on the southern coast of Louisiana, USA. Sediment cores were taken to validate modeled estimates of soil accretion rates. The NUMAR model was designed to predict soil properties and corresponding accretion rates in marsh environments. This study explored whether the probabilistic outcomes generated by the model align with accretion rates determined through field-based measurements using 137Cs activity. The model's probabilistic simulations were conducted for active and inactive basins, encompassing fresh, brackish, and saline sites. Aliquots of approximately 5-9 g of finely ground dry sediment were placed into vials of known geometry for direct gamma counting of 137Cs using high-purity Germanium (Ge) well detectors. The 137Cs dating technique is based on detecting the specific core section in which the radioactive isotope 137Cs peak activity occurs across a vertical soil profile. This peak corresponds to the peak fallout in 1963 deposited during the atmospheric nuclear testing and provides a timeline reference for estimating soil accumulation rates, sediment deposition, and marsh accretion. Therefore, to validate the NUMAR accretion results, 137Cs activity was measured at different core sections across a vertical soil profile to determine the peak corresponding to the peak fallout in 1963 due to atmospheric nuclear testing and estimate soil accretion rates. The data are provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.

Using Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) soil databases, topographic features derived from digital elevation models, stream networks, and regional climatic patterns, I developed a ranking system for watershed potential erosion rates and suitability for check-dam placement across the SRLCC. This ranking system serves as a first step for land managers to prioritize areas for check-dam installation based on relatively static factors (soil properties, topography, and hydrology) that can contribute to rates of soil erosion by water and the stability of check-dams. Many other relatively dynamic factors over time can contribute to rates of soil erosion by water, such as recent wildfire events, changes in weather patterns and extreme climate events, and changing land-use such as grazing, logging, mining, development, and cultivation. These factors that influence vegetative and biological soil crusts cover are also important elements to the potential erosion of soil by water. Because of this, SRLCC stakeholders might consider further evaluation of the watersheds identified here as high ranking. Final watershed prioritization among the high-ranking watersheds identified here should include current knowledge of land-use and land-cover estimates to identify areas at risk for soil erosion or degree of existing erosion problems.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

Graph and download economic data for Population Estimate, Total, Not Hispanic or Latino, Two or More Races, Two Races Excluding Some Other Race, and Three or More Races (5-year estimate) in Price County, WI (B03002011E055099) from 2009 to 2023 about Price County, WI; WI; non-hispanic; estimate; persons; 5-year; population; and USA.

Bank Dedicated Check Machine Market Outlook

In 2023, the global market size for Bank Dedicated Check Machines was estimated at approximately $2.5 billion. The market is projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6%, reaching a forecasted value of $4.1 billion by 2032. Key growth factors include advancements in banking technology, rising digital transaction volumes, and a consistent need for check processing in various financial institutions.

One of the primary growth drivers of the Bank Dedicated Check Machine market is the continuous rise in digital and remote banking. As more customers shift towards online banking and mobile transactions, financial institutions are compelled to adopt advanced check processing technologies. These machines facilitate faster and more efficient check clearing, reducing manual errors and offering a seamless banking experience to customers. Additionally, the growing emphasis on enhancing customer service and operational efficiency further accelerates the adoption of these machines.

Technological advancements in imaging and scanning technology also contribute significantly to market growth. Modern check scanners come equipped with high-resolution imaging capabilities, faster processing speeds, and enhanced security features. These advancements not only improve the accuracy and speed of check processing but also enable better fraud detection mechanisms. Financial institutions are increasingly investing in such technologies to stay competitive and meet regulatory requirements, thereby driving market expansion.

Another factor fueling market growth is the increased regulatory pressure on financial institutions to adopt secure and efficient check processing systems. Regulatory bodies are implementing stringent guidelines to minimize fraudulent activities and ensure the integrity of financial transactions. Bank dedicated check machines with advanced security features and compliance capabilities are becoming essential tools for banks and financial institutions to adhere to these regulations, thus bolstering market demand.

From a regional perspective, North America holds a significant share of the Bank Dedicated Check Machine market, driven by a well-established banking infrastructure and high adoption of advanced banking technologies. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate, supported by rapid digitalization, expanding banking sector, and increasing adoption of modern financial technologies in emerging economies like China and India.

Product Type Analysis

The Bank Dedicated Check Machine market is segmented into Single-Feed Check Scanners and Multi-Feed Check Scanners based on product type. Single-Feed Check Scanners are designed for low-volume check processing environments, typically used by small businesses and individual users. These scanners offer simplicity, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness, making them ideal for smaller-scale operations. The demand for single-feed scanners is driven by their affordability and suitability for low-volume check processing needs.

Multi-Feed Check Scanners, on the other hand, are designed for high-volume check processing environments such as large banks, financial institutions, and corporations. These scanners can process multiple checks simultaneously, significantly enhancing operational efficiency and reducing processing time. The advanced features and higher processing capabilities of multi-feed scanners make them essential for institutions handling large volumes of checks. Consequently, the demand for multi-feed scanners is higher in large-scale banking operations.

The choice between single-feed and multi-feed check scanners depends on the specific needs and scale of operations of the user. While single-feed scanners are preferred by smaller entities due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of use, multi-feed scanners are indispensable for larger institutions that require high-speed and high-volume check processing capabilities. Technological advancements in both types of scanners are further enhancing their functionalities, driving overall market growth.

Moreover, the integration of advanced features such as automatic check alignment, high-resolution imaging, and fraud detection mechanisms in both single-feed and multi-feed check scanners is enhancing their utility and efficiency. These features not only improve the accuracy and speed of check processing but also ensure compliance with regulatory standards, making them highly valuable for financial institutions.<

Brazil Lending Rate: per Month: Pre-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: Midway S.A. Credito Financiamento e Investimento data was reported at 0.000 % per Month in 04 Jul 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % per Month for 03 Jul 2019. Brazil Lending Rate: per Month: Pre-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: Midway S.A. Credito Financiamento e Investimento data is updated daily, averaging 0.000 % per Month from Jan 2012 (Median) to 04 Jul 2019, with 1818 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 % per Month in 04 Jul 2019 and a record low of 0.000 % per Month in 04 Jul 2019. Brazil Lending Rate: per Month: Pre-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: Midway S.A. Credito Financiamento e Investimento data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Interest and Foreign Exchange Rates – Table BR.MB011: Lending Rate: per Month: by Banks: Pre-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates. Lending Rate: Daily: Interest rates disclosed represent the total cost of the transaction to the client, also including taxes and operating. These rates correspond to the average fees in the period indicated in the tables. There are presented only institutions that had granted during the period determined. In general, institutions practicing different rates within the same type of credit. Thus, the rate charged to a customer may differ from the average. Several factors such as the time and volume of the transaction, as well as the guarantees offered, explain the differences between interest rates. Certain institutions grant allowance of the use of the term overdraft. However, this is not considered in the calculation of rates of this type. It should be noted that the overdraft is a modality that has high interest rates. Thus, its use should be restricted to short periods. If the customer needs resources for a longer period, should find ways to offer lower rates. The Brazilian Central Bank publishes these data with a delay about 20 days with relation to the reference period, thus allowing sufficient time for all Financial Institutions to deliver the relevant information. Interest rates presented in this set of tables correspond to averages weighted by the values of transactions conducted in the five working days specified in each table. These rates represent the average effective cost of loans to customers, consisting of the interest rates actually charged by financial institutions in their lending operations, increased tax burdens and operational incidents on the operations. The interest rates shown are the average of the rates charged in the various operations performed by financial institutions, in each modality. In one discipline, interest rates may differ between customers of the same financial institution. Interest rates vary according to several factors, such as the value and quality of collateral provided in the operation, the proportion of down payment operation, the history and the registration status of each client, the term of the transaction, among others . Institutions with “zero” did not operate on modalities for those periods or did not provide information to the Central Bank of Brazil. The Central Bank of Brazil assumes no responsibility for delay, error or other deficiency of information provided for purposes of calculating average rates presented in this

The project’s objective is to document movement patterns and survival rates of Chinook salmon, steelhead, green sturgeon, and other fish from several sources in the Central Valley of California. Juvenile salmonids from hatcheries or wild caught are implanted with small acoustic transmitters and the _location of the fish are recorded on receivers that are placed throughout the watershed from Redding to the Golden Gate. Over 70 receiver locations with over 150 receivers monitor the movement of these fish. These receivers record the date, time, and unique identification number of transmitters that pass within listening range of the receivers. The first acoustic tagging studies began in 2006 and continue today.

The benchmark interest rate in Germany was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides - Germany Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Hydrographic and Impairment Statistics (HIS) is a National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division (WRD) project established to track certain goals created in response to the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA). One water resources management goal established by the Department of the Interior under GRPA requires NPS to track the percent of its managed surface waters that are meeting Clean Water Act (CWA) water quality standards. This goal requires an accurate inventory that spatially quantifies the surface water hydrography that each bureau manages and a procedure to determine and track which waterbodies are or are not meeting water quality standards as outlined by Section 303(d) of the CWA. This project helps meet this DOI GRPA goal by inventorying and monitoring in a geographic information system for the NPS: (1) CWA 303(d) quality impaired waters and causes; and (2) hydrographic statistics based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Hydrographic and 303(d) impairment statistics were evaluated based on a combination of 1:24,000 (NHD) and finer scale data (frequently provided by state GIS layers).

Hydrographic and Impairment Statistics (HIS) is a National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division (WRD) project established to track certain goals created in response to the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA). One water resources management goal established by the Department of the Interior under GRPA requires NPS to track the percent of its managed surface waters that are meeting Clean Water Act (CWA) water quality standards. This goal requires an accurate inventory that spatially quantifies the surface water hydrography that each bureau manages and a procedure to determine and track which waterbodies are or are not meeting water quality standards as outlined by Section 303(d) of the CWA. This project helps meet this DOI GRPA goal by inventorying and monitoring in a geographic information system for the NPS: (1) CWA 303(d) quality impaired waters and causes; and (2) hydrographic statistics based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Hydrographic and 303(d) impairment statistics were evaluated based on a combination of 1:24,000 (NHD) and finer scale data (frequently provided by state GIS layers).

This dataset provides the crime clearance rate nationally and for the City of Tempe. An overall clearance rate is developed as part of the Department’s report for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Program. The statistics in the UCR Program are based on reports the Tempe Police Department officially submits to the Arizona Department of Public Safety (DPS).In the UCR Program, there are two ways that a law enforcement agency can report that an offense is cleared:(1) cleared by arrest or solved for crime reporting purposes, or(2) cleared by exceptional means.An offense is cleared by arrest, or solved for crime reporting purposes, when three specific conditions have been met. The three conditions are that at least one person has been: (1) arrested; (2) charged with the commission of the offense; and (3) turned over to the court for prosecution.In some situations, an agency may be prevented from arresting and formally charging an offender due to factors outside of the agency's control. In these cases, an offense can be cleared by exceptional means, if the following four conditions are met: (1) identified the offender; (2) gathered enough evidence to support an arrest, make a charge, and turn over the offender to the court for prosecution; (3) identified offender’s exact location so that suspect can immediately be taken into custody; and (4) encountered a circumstance outside law enforcement"s control that prohibits arresting, charging and prosecuting the offender.The UCR clearance rate is one tool for helping the police to understand and assess success at investigating crimes. However, these rates should be interpreted with an understanding of the unique challenges faced in reporting and investigating crimes. Clearance rates for a given year may be greater than 100% because a clearance is reported for the year the clearance occurs, which may not be the same year that the crime occurred. Often, investigations may take months or years, resulting in cases being cleared years after the actual offense. Additionally, there may be delays in the reporting of crimes, which would push the clearance of the case out beyond the year it happened.This page provides data for the Violent Cases Clearance Rate performance measure. The performance measure dashboard is available at 1.12 Violent Cases Clearance Rate.Additional InformationSource: Tempe Police Department (TPD) Versadex Records Management System (RMS) submitted to Arizona Department of Public Safety (AZ DPS), which submits data to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)Contact (author): Contact E-Mail (author): Contact (maintainer): Brooks LoutonContact E-Mail (maintainer): Brooks_Louton@tempe.govData Source Type: ExcelPreparation Method: Drawn from the Annual FBI Crime In the United States PublicationPublish Frequency: AnnuallyPublish Method: ManualData Dictionary

This dataset is available on Brisbane City Council’s open data website – data.brisbane.qld.gov.au. The site provides additional features for viewing and interacting with the data and for downloading the data in various formats.

Land use code definitions are used to determine the differential rating categorisation for properties across Brisbane City Council.

The land use code indicates the predominant use for which the property is utilised or adapted to be utilised by virtue of its structure, fixtures and fittings or particular improvements and is an indicator of the property's specific rating criteria.

The land use code is part of the Council's property record held in the core land database and indicates the predominant use for which the property is utilised or adapted to be utilised by virtue of its structure, fixtures and fittings or particular improvements and is an indicator of the property's specific rating criteria.

The primary land use code identifies the predominant use for which the property is utilised and is an indicator of the property’s specific rating category, while the secondary land use code applied where a lesser use is also engaged on the property.

The specific rating criteria are used to identify into which Differential Rating Category a property will be placed in accordance with the annual Resolution of Rates and Charges.

In determining the predominant use, consideration will be given but not limited to the Visual, Spatial and Economic aspects of the land. Area is not the principal basis for determining the predominant use. The predominant use may be determined and applied during the construction phase of a structure and will be identified by its ultimate land use code followed by a secondary land use code of 01.

Rating category definitions are used to determine the rating of properties across Brisbane City Council.

Rating category definitions are contained in the Resolution of Rates and Charges which is the formal resolution that sets out the various rates levied by Council and any associated charges.

Resolution of rates and charges tables are used in identifying the rating categories and charges for rateable properties across Brisbane City Council for the financial year.

Information in this dataset relating to land use code definitions or relating to rating category definitions must be read in conjunction with the Resolution of Rates and Charges section of the Annual Plan and Budget 2020-21. Annual Plan and Budget documents are available on the Brisbane City Council website.

For more information about Brisbane City Council’s budget, please visit www.brisbane.qld.gov.au or phone Council’s Contact Centre on (07) 3403 8888.

Household Saving Rate in the United States remained unchanged at 4.50 percent in June from 4.50 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Personal Savings Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Traditional methods using sealed bottles to determine the grazing rates by secondary producers neglect chemical changes induced by biological activities during the incubation, giving rise to instable levels of nutrients, pH, pCO2, pO2 and other chemicals along with changing microalgal cell concentrations and grazers’ metabolism. Here, we used dialysis bags, which allows exchanges of nutrients and gases, to grow microalgae and to determine grazing rates of secondary producers. The specific growth rate of diatom within the dialysis bags increased with increasing water velocities, indicating its suitability to grow microalgae under dynamic water conditions. Then, we compared the grazing rates by the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans measured with the traditional method using polycarbonate (PC) bottles and the approach with the dialysis bags, and found that these two methods gave rise to comparable grazing rates. Nevertheless, the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in the closed PC bottles were about 89–94% lower than those in the dialysis bags due to the microalga’s assimilation. Subsequently, we applied it to determine the grazing rates by a copepod and an oyster (in the presence of other grazers). Consistent results were obtained using the dialysis bags to determine grazing rates by copepods. During the mesocosm (3000 L) experiment in the presence of primary and secondary producers, the grazing rates by the oyster Crassostrea angulata were determined based on the difference of phytoplankton biomass within and outside of the dialysis bags that held all organisms in the mesocosm except the oyster. Since the dialysis bags are permeable to gases, the grazing rates by the oyster under 410 (AC) and 1,000 (HC) μatm CO2 were successfully measured, with a promising result that HC significantly increased the oyster’s grazing. We concluded that using dialysis bags to grow microalgae and to determine grazing rates is a reliable approach, especially under different levels of CO2 and O2.

Brazil Lending Rate: per Annum: Post-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: HSBC Bank Brasil S.A. Banco Multiplo data was reported at 0.000 % pa in 03 Jul 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % pa for 02 Jul 2019. Brazil Lending Rate: per Annum: Post-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: HSBC Bank Brasil S.A. Banco Multiplo data is updated daily, averaging 0.000 % pa from Jan 2012 (Median) to 03 Jul 2019, with 1867 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.400 % pa in 05 May 2012 and a record low of 0.000 % pa in 03 Jul 2019. Brazil Lending Rate: per Annum: Post-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates: HSBC Bank Brasil S.A. Banco Multiplo data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Interest and Foreign Exchange Rates – Table BR.MB046: Lending Rate: per Annum: by Banks: Post-Fixed: Individuals: Mortgages with Market Rates. Lending Rate: Daily: Interest rates disclosed represent the total cost of the transaction to the client, also including taxes and operating. These rates correspond to the average fees in the period indicated in the tables. There are presented only institutions that had granted during the period determined. In general, institutions practicing different rates within the same type of credit. Thus, the rate charged to a customer may differ from the average. Several factors such as the time and volume of the transaction, as well as the guarantees offered, explain the differences between interest rates. Certain institutions grant allowance of the use of the term overdraft. However, this is not considered in the calculation of rates of this type. It should be noted that the overdraft is a modality that has high interest rates. Thus, its use should be restricted to short periods. If the customer needs resources for a longer period, should find ways to offer lower rates. The Brazilian Central Bank publishes these data with a delay about 20 days with relation to the reference period, thus allowing sufficient time for all Financial Institutions to deliver the relevant information. Interest rates presented in this set of tables correspond to averages weighted by the values of transactions conducted in the five working days specified in each table. These rates represent the average effective cost of loans to customers, consisting of the interest rates actually charged by financial institutions in their lending operations, increased tax burdens and operational incidents on the operations. The interest rates shown are the average of the rates charged in the various operations performed by financial institutions, in each modality. In one discipline, interest rates may differ between customers of the same financial institution. Interest rates vary according to several factors, such as the value and quality of collateral provided in the operation, the proportion of down payment operation, the history and the registration status of each client, the term of the transaction, among others . Institutions with “zero” did not operate on modalities for those periods or did not provide information to the Central Bank of Brazil. The Central Bank of Brazil assumes no responsibility for delay, error or other deficiency of information provided for purposes of calculating average rates presented in this

This project addresses major gaps in knowledge on vital rates such as age to maturity, survival, sex ratios, and population size (including the males)whcih have made it difficult to conduct meaningful population and risk assessments. Although vital rates are difficult to observe directly, genetic analysis provides a practical approach to understand these processes. Understanding the proportion of males to females in any population has important consequences for population demographic studies. Using hatchling and maternal DNA fingerprints, one can deduce the paternal genotypes ? from one to many fathers per clutch. The resulting genotypes represent individual males that are actively breeding in the population. This means that males can effectively be sampled without ever having seen them or having to catch them in the field. The nesting population on St. Croix is an important US Index Population for leatherbacks that has been intensively monitored using a variety of Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) methods since 1981 (Dutton et al. 2005). Due to the richness and consistency of the demographic data, this population offers unique opportunities for research and development of tools & approaches for getting at vital rate parameters that are needed to improve stock assessments in sea turtles, as identified in the recent NRC Report (2010). These approaches can then be applied to other populations, e.g. the critically endangered Pacific leatherback. We have developed non-injurious in-situ techniques to mass sample large numbers of live hatchlings for genetic fingerprinting as part of a long term CMR experiment, and also demonstrated the feasibility of using hatchling genotyping and kinship analysis to determine the genotypes and number of breeding males in the population (Stewart & Dutton 2011). We have sampled a total of 17,087 hatchlings between 2009-2011 as part of this project, will continue field effort in 2012 toward the goal of a minimum sampling of 50,000 hatchlings over the next 2-4 years. At an appropriate time in the future, we will use high throughput genotyping methods currently being developed in the next 2-4 years to create a database of individual hatchling identifications (?genetic tags?) that will be compared to those first time nesters sampled annually into the future. This project will also genotype a subset of the samples collected in 2011 to assess males in two consecutive seasons for a more accurate census of the number of males in the breeding population and to determine the extent of male fidelity and breeding periodicity. Objectives include 1) mass-tagging of leatherback hatchlings for Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) studies to determine age at first reproduction and age-specific survival rates and 2) application of kinship approaches to reconstruct parental genotypes from mother-offspring comparison to census males, determine operational sex ratios (OSR) of the breeding population, reproductive success of males and mating system.

Vietnam’s real gross domestic product (GDP) has been experiencing positive growth for the past five years since 2019, and is projected to continue to do so through 2030. In 2023, Vietnam’s real GDP increased by around five percent compared to the previous year. Learning from real GDP Real gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure that reflects the value of all goods and services an economy produces within a given year. It is expressed in base-year prices, and is thus an inflation-adjusted way to compare a country’s economic output through the years. The GDP growth rate is a significant indicator of a country’s economic health, as it reacts to the economy’s expansions and contractions. Vietnam’s optimistic future As indicated by the positive growth rate of its real GDP, Vietnam’s economy is expanding due to growth in exports, domestic demand, and the manufacturing sector. As the economy expands, so does the total expenditure of Vietnamese consumers. The average monthly income per capita in Vietnam increased to almost 3.8 percent in 2018, and is spent on fast moving consumer goods from popular brands like Vinamilk and P/S.