Key information about Japan Government Debt: % of GDP

• Japan Government debt accounted for 216.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 217.2 % in the previous quarter.
• Japan government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1994 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 225.8 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 55.9 % in Dec 1994.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. The Bank of Japan provides Government Debt in local currency. The Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about Japan Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Japan National Government Debt reached 9,396.6 USD bn in Apr 2023.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

As of December 2024, ***************** held ** percent of outstanding Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs). While ******************** held the largest share of JGBs, ***** accounted for **** percent of JGB holders.

The statistic shows the national debt of Japan from 2020 to 2023, with projections up until 2030. The amount of Japan's national debt in 2023 amounted to about 9.91 trillion U.S. dollar. In a ranking of debt to GDP per country, Japan is thus currently ranked first. Japan's economic power With one of the largest gross domestic products (GDP), Japan is among the largest economies in the world. However, ever since the global financial crisis, Japan's GDP - like many others - has been slightly unstable; Japan even reported a negative GDP growth in comparison to the previous year in 2011 and in 2014. Still, it is estimated that gross domestic product in Japan will continue to thrive over the next decade. One indicator is Japan's inflation rate: Despite the aforementioned economic slumps, Japan has managed to maintain one of the lowest inflation rates in the world, and it also reduced its unemployment rate. Between 2010 and 2013, the unemployment rate in Japan decreased by approximately one percent, and it is expected to drop even lower over the next years. Recently, Japan has been reporting a trade deficit, meaning the value of its imports exceeds the value of its exports. Most of these imports have come from China and the United States. The trade deficit is one of the causes for in an increase of the national debt. It is estimated that the national debt in relation to the GDP will increase further until 2020.

Japan recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 236.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Government Debt to GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

As of December 2023, around 13.5 percent of outstanding Japanese government bonds (JGBs) were held by foreign investors. The share of foreign investors holding JGBs declined for the first time in the past decade.

Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for Japan (DEBTTLJPA188A) from 1990 to 2022 about Japan, debt, government, and GDP.

As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

Key information about Japan External Debt: % of GDP

• Japan External Debt accounted for 111.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 107.7 % in the previous year.
• Japan External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2003 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 111.4 % in Dec 2024 and a record low of 28.1 % in Dec 2003.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Bank of Japan provides External Debt in local currency based on BPM6. Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency. External Debt prior to 2014 is based on BPM5.


Related information about Japan External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Japan, Current Account recorded a surplus of 14.2 USD bn in Apr 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 167.1 USD mn in Jan 2025.
• Japan Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 8.3 USD bn in Jan 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 4.8 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's External Debt reached 4,312,375.1 in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Key information about Japan National Government Debt

• Japan National Government Debt reached 9,396.6 USD bn in Apr 2023, compared with 9,570.6 USD bn in the previous month.
• Japan National Government Debt data is updated monthly, available from Apr 1982 to Apr 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 12,619.3 USD bn in Sep 2012 and a record low of 422.2 USD bn in Oct 1982.

CEIC converts monthly Government Debt into USD. The Bank of Japan provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about Japan National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 6.2 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 226.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2023.
• Japan Nominal GDP reached 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Key information about Japan External Debt

• Japan External Debt reached 4,312.4 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with 4,631.6 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Japan External Debt: USD mn data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2003 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4,844.1 USD bn in Dec 2020 and a record low of 1,223.9 USD bn in Mar 2003.

CEIC converts quarterly External Debt into USD. The Bank of Japan provides External Debt in local currency based on BPM6. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. External Debt prior to Q1 2014 is based on BPM5.


Related information about Japan External Debt

• In the latest reports of Japan, Current Account recorded a surplus of 14.2 USD bn in Apr 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 167.1 USD mn in Jan 2025.
• Japan Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 8.3 USD bn in Jan 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 4.8 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

The yield on Japan 10Y Bond Yield rose to 1.51% on July 11, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.05 points and is 0.46 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Japan 10 Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

In 2024, the ratio of Japanese government bonds (JGBs) held by households was *** percent. Japanese government bonds are debt securities issued by the government of Japan to finance government spending.

Private Debt to GDP in Japan decreased to 172.40 percent in 2023 from 176.80 percent in 2022. Japan Private Debt to GDP - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

External Debt in Japan decreased to 679157 JPY Billion in the first quarter of 2025 from 684935 JPY Billion in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Japan External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Japan Household Debt: % of GDP

• Japan household debt accounted for 65.1 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 65.1 % in the previous quarter.
• Japan household debt to GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1997 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 78.7 % in Mar 2000 and a record low of 59.4 % in Dec 2015.

CEIC calculates quarterly Household Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Household Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Household Debt is calculated as Total Household Liabilities less Financial Surplus or Deficit. The Bank of Japan provides Household Debt in local currency. Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about Japan Household Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Japan Household Debt reached 2,739.5 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Money Supply M2 in Japan increased 1.1 % YoY in Feb 2025.
• Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 1,108.4 USD bn in Feb 2025.
• The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 16.2 Months of Import in Jan 2025.
• Japan Domestic Credit reached 11,754.7 USD bn in Dec 2024, representing an increased of 1.3 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.2 % in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.3 % in the previous half a year.

Central Government Debt: Bank of Japan data was reported at 451,380.900 JPY bn in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 456,977.800 JPY bn for Aug 2018. Central Government Debt: Bank of Japan data is updated monthly, averaging 56,479.550 JPY bn from Apr 1982 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 438 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 456,977.800 JPY bn in Aug 2018 and a record low of 11,958.400 JPY bn in Jan 1987. Central Government Debt: Bank of Japan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Japan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.F030: Central Government Debt.

The yield on Japan 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 3.16% on July 14, 2025, marking a 0.12 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.26 points and is 1 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Japan 30 Year Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Key information about Japan Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP

• Japan Private Debt accounted for 121.83 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2024, compared with a ratio of 122.88 % in the previous quarter
• Japan Private Debt contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Dec 2001 to Sep 2024, with an average share of 101.31 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 123.64 % in Mar 2024 and a record low of 90.76 % in Sep 2004

CEIC calculates quarterly Private Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Private Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. The International Monetary Fund provides Private Debt in local currency. Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency.

The average for 2022 based on 174 countries was 59.99 percent. The highest value was in Japan: 236.58 percent and the lowest value was in Liechtenstein: 0.5 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Sri Lanka Ownership: Foreign Debt: Bilateral: Japan data was reported at 506,829.000 LKR mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 486,199.000 LKR mn for 2016. Sri Lanka Ownership: Foreign Debt: Bilateral: Japan data is updated yearly, averaging 277,882.000 LKR mn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 547,515.000 LKR mn in 2012 and a record low of 52,485.000 LKR mn in 1991. Sri Lanka Ownership: Foreign Debt: Bilateral: Japan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sri Lanka – Table LK.F015: Ownership of Outstanding Foreign Debt.