Key information about Japan Government Debt: % of GDP

• Japan Government debt accounted for 212.1 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Sep 2025, compared with the ratio of 213.9 % in the previous quarter.
• Japan government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1994 to Sep 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 225.8 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 55.9 % in Dec 1994.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. The Bank of Japan provides Government Debt in local currency. The Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about Japan Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Japan National Government Debt reached 9,012.6 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 1,077.6 USD bn in Sep 2025.

As of March 2025, the Bank of Japan held around ** percent of outstanding Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs). While ******************** held the largest share of JGBs, ***** accounted for almost ** percent of JGB holders.

The statistic shows the national debt of Japan from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The amount of Japan's national debt in 2024 amounted to about 1,436.5 trillion yen. In a ranking of debt to GDP per country, Japan is thus currently ranked first. Japan's economic power With one of the largest gross domestic products (GDP), Japan is among the largest economies in the world. However, ever since the global financial crisis, Japan's GDP - like many others - has been slightly unstable; Japan even reported a negative GDP growth in comparison to the previous year in 2011 and in 2014. Still, it is estimated that gross domestic product in Japan will continue to thrive over the next decade. One indicator is Japan's inflation rate: Despite the aforementioned economic slumps, Japan has managed to maintain one of the lowest inflation rates in the world, and it also reduced its unemployment rate. Between 2010 and 2013, the unemployment rate in Japan decreased by approximately one percent, and it is expected to drop even lower over the next years. Recently, Japan has been reporting a trade deficit, meaning the value of its imports exceeds the value of its exports. Most of these imports have come from China and the United States. The trade deficit is one of the causes for in an increase of the national debt. It is estimated that the national debt in relation to the GDP will increase further until 2020.

Japan recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 236.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Government Debt to GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about Japan National Government Debt

• Japan National Government Debt reached 9,396.6 USD bn in Apr 2023, compared with 9,570.6 USD bn in the previous month.
• Japan National Government Debt data is updated monthly, available from Apr 1982 to Apr 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 12,619.3 USD bn in Sep 2012 and a record low of 422.2 USD bn in Oct 1982.

CEIC converts monthly Government Debt into USD. The Bank of Japan provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about Japan National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 6.2 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 226.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2023.
• Japan Nominal GDP reached 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Key information about Japan External Debt

• Japan External Debt reached 4,695.9 USD bn in Jun 2025, compared with 4,532.5 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Japan External Debt: USD mn data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2003 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4,844.1 USD bn in Dec 2020 and a record low of 1,223.9 USD bn in Mar 2003.

CEIC converts quarterly External Debt into USD. The Bank of Japan provides External Debt in local currency based on BPM6. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. External Debt prior to Q1 2014 is based on BPM5.


Related information about Japan External Debt

• In the latest reports of Japan, Current Account recorded a surplus of 29.4 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 1.4 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Japan Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 15.2 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 15.2 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 1,077.6 USD bn in Sep 2025.

Key information about Japan External Debt: % of GDP

• Japan External Debt accounted for 111.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 107.7 % in the previous year.
• Japan External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2003 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 111.4 % in Dec 2024 and a record low of 28.1 % in Dec 2003.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Bank of Japan provides External Debt in local currency based on BPM6. Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency. External Debt prior to 2014 is based on BPM5.


Related information about Japan External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Japan, Current Account recorded a surplus of 14.2 USD bn in Apr 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 167.1 USD mn in Jan 2025.
• Japan Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 8.3 USD bn in Jan 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 4.8 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's External Debt reached 4,312,375.1 in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

External Debt in Japan decreased to 677007 JPY Billion in the second quarter of 2025 from 679417 JPY Billion in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - Japan External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private Debt to GDP in Japan decreased to 169.90 percent in 2024 from 172.50 percent in 2023. Japan Private Debt to GDP - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Key information about Japan Household Debt: % of GDP

• Japan household debt accounted for 63.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jun 2025, compared with the ratio of 65.1 % in the previous quarter.
• Japan household debt to GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1997 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 77.6 % in Dec 2015 and a record low of 0.0 % in Dec 1990.

CEIC calculates quarterly Household Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Household Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Household Debt is calculated as Total Household Liabilities less Financial Surplus or Deficit. The Bank of Japan provides Household Debt in local currency. Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about Japan Household Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Japan Household Debt reached 2,762.0 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• Money Supply M2 in Japan increased 1.6 % YoY in Oct 2025.
• Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 1,166.7 USD bn in Oct 2025.
• The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 17.7 Months of Import in Oct 2025.
• Japan Domestic Credit reached 12,335.9 USD bn in Sep 2025, representing an drop of 0.2 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.2 % in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.3 % in the previous half a year.

Japan Central Government Debt: Other Holders data was reported at 619,466.400 JPY bn in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 624,657.000 JPY bn for Aug 2018. Japan Central Government Debt: Other Holders data is updated monthly, averaging 212,013.150 JPY bn from Apr 1982 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 438 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 843,890.100 JPY bn in May 2012 and a record low of 60,647.400 JPY bn in Jul 1982. Japan Central Government Debt: Other Holders data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Japan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.F030: Central Government Debt.

The yield on Japan 10Y Bond Yield eased to 1.86% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage points decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.20 points and is 0.78 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Japan 10 Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

Debt-To-Assets-Ratio Time Series for Japan Lifeline Co Ltd. Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd., a medical device company, engages in manufacturing and sale of medical device in Japan. The company's cardiac rhythm management products include cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators and pacemakers, automated external defibrillators, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation support devices; and electrophysiology/ablation products comprise electrophysiological and ablation catheters, irrigated tip ablation catheters, endoscopic balloon ablation systems, esophageal temperature monitoring systems, internal atrial cardioversion systems, disposable ECG recorder, and venous vascular closure system. Its cardiovascular and endografting products consist of vascular and open stent grafts, and abdominal stent-grafts, as well as embolic coil deploying systems. In addition, the company offers gastrointestinal intervention products, including cholangioscope, biliary tube stent, papillary balloon dilatation catheter, self-expandable duodenal and colonic stent, endoscopic guidewire, and radiofrequency ablation systems; structural heart disease intervention products, such as radiofrequency wires and atrial septal defect closure devices; and aspiration catheter neurovascular intervention product. Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd. was incorporated in 1981 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

Debt-To-Assets-Ratio Time Series for Starts Corp Inc. Starts Corporation Inc. engages in the construction, real estate management, and tenant recruitment in Japan and internationally. The company is involved in the design and construction management of seismic isolated buildings; and the provision of real estate brokerage services, including the sale of buildings, condominiums, and single-family houses, as well as CRE solutions and corporate housing management services for corporate customers. It also manages residential buildings, parking lots, office buildings, commercial facilities, etc. In addition, the company offers card key/home security services; and offers asset management consulting and J-REIT management services, as well as undertakes urban redevelopment and PFI projects. Further, it publishes lifestyle monthly and free magazines, and cellphone novels, as well as operates OZmall website; promotes events; Additionally, the company develops and offers hotels, Japanese inns, golf courses, etc.; and manages and operates nursing homes, elderly housing facilities, and licensed nursery schools. It also provides elderly facility introduction and childcare support services. Starts Corporation Inc. was founded in 1969 and is based in Tokyo, Japan.

Debt-To-Capital-Ratio Time Series for Koshidaka Holdings Co Ltd. Koshidaka Holdings Co., Ltd. operates a karaoke business and a bath house business in Japan and internationally. The company has Karaoke Manekineko, a karaoke network; and One Kara, a karaoke box for people who sing alone. It has Maneki no Yu bath houses to enjoy a natural hot spring bath, as well as enjoy outstanding food, relax, or even hold a banquet or other event. In addition, the company owns, operates, and manages real estate rental buildings in Gunma and Kanagawa prefectures. Koshidaka Holdings Co., Ltd. was incorporated in 1967 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

Key information about Japan Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP

• Japan Private Debt accounted for 119.17 % of its Nominal GDP in Jun 2025, compared with a ratio of 119.18 % in the previous quarter
• Japan Private Debt contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Dec 2001 to Jun 2025, with an average share of 101.73 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 122.23 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 90.76 % in Sep 2004

CEIC calculates quarterly Private Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Private Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. The International Monetary Fund provides Private Debt in local currency. Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency.

Debt-To-Capital-Ratio Time Series for Haseko Corp. HASEKO Corporation engages in the real estate, construction, and engineering businesses in Japan and internationally. The company operates through Construction-Related Business, Service-Related Business, Real Estate-Related Business, and Overseas-Related Business segments. It offers construction services for condominiums, including planning, design, construction, and sales. The company is also involved in the real estate development; real estate brokerage; construction and sale of real estate properties; large scale repair work, interior remodeling, and condominium rehabilitation; and consignment sale and real estate brokerage of for-sale condominiums. In addition, it manages facilities for the elderly; leases office equipment; provides insurance agency, printing, OA equipment rental, human resource placement, and web marketing services in support of corporate activities; and sells tools, furniture, and fixtures, as well as construction materials. The company was founded in 1937 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

Debt-To-Assets-Ratio Time Series for Showa Denko K.K.. Resonac Holdings Corporation operates as a chemical company in Japan, China, rest of Asia, and internationally. It operates through Semiconductor and Electronic Materials, Mobility, Innovation Enabling Materials, and Chemicals segments. The company offers gases and solvents, abatement systems and surface treatments, CMP slurries, and anti-charging materials; semiconductor-related materials, display and sensor-related materials, and films; base and photosensitive materials for PWBs; hard disks, SiCs, and optical semiconductors for use as electronic device components; and molded plastics/sheet-formed, powder metal, and aluminum products for automotives. It provides lithium-ion batteries and mechanical carbon; ceramics, resins, cosmetic ingredients/medicinal additives, monomers, adhesives, tapes, and chromatography products; and elastomers. In addition, the company offers polyimides; HD media; friction materials; aluminum gravity casting products; packaging/containers for food, medicine, and electronics; electrical insulating epoxy resin molded products; zipper bags and tapes; titanium oxide and alumina; and elastic polishing grindstone. Further, it provides polypropylene and polyethylene; liquefied carbon dioxide, dry ice, and gas-related equipment; liquefied oxygen, nitrogen, and argon; molecular sieve; graphite electrodes; plasters, fireproofing pipes, and wall sidings; cement and moisture removal sheets; industrial materials; and FRP, coated sand, and separating mediums. Additionally, the company engages in the contract development and manufacturing of regenerative medicines; leasing of personal computers and other business equipment; outsourcing of salary, welfare, and finance-related business; and synthesis, analysis, and SDS preparation services. The company was formerly known as Showa Denko K.K. and changed its name to Resonac Holdings Corporation in January 2023. The company was incorporated in 1939 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

Debt-To-Capital-Ratio Time Series for Financial Products Group Co Ltd. Financial Partners Group Co.,Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, provides various financial products and services in Japan. The company is involved in the leasing fund business for aircraft, marine containers, and ships. It also engages in the real insurance, domestic real estate fund business, international real estate fund business, aviation business, fractional ownership platform business, trust business, and securities business, as well as mergers and acquisitions, and advisory businesses. Partners Group Co.,Ltd. was incorporated in 2001 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.