By April 2020, Zoom Video Communications had 300 million daily meeting participants worldwide. Only six months before that, at the end of 2019, this number stood at ** million meeting participants. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led businesses around the world to adopt Zoom as a solution to stay connected to employees and customers when working from different locations. This increased usage of the platform in 2020. Additionally, individuals use the Zoom video platform to stay connected to friends and family.

In the six months ending March 2024, the United States accounted for 42.06 percent of traffic to the video calling service Zoom.us. Japan was ranked second, accounting for 4.26 percent of web visits to the platform.

In the third quarter of 2024, the mobile app of popular video communication platform Zoom recorded approximately 17.6 million downloads in the Asia-Pacific region. Downloads in North and Latin America were 9.3 million, a small decline compared to the previous quarter. Zoom grew in popularity in 2020 due to the global outbreak of coronavirus pandemic and its impact on in-real-life environments and offline activities. Between the first and the second quarter of 2020, downloads of the Zoom mobile app skyrocketed thanks to the widespread adoption of alternative communication media for work, schooling, and social activities among others. After both Microsoft Teams and Zoom experienced a peak in usage in 2020, downloads of the communication apps slowly decreased over 2021 and 2022. Who leads the meetings’ market? According to a survey conducted in 2023, meetings took most of the time for professionals in the United States, as they spent over 10 hours each week having work conversations with colleagues. In 2024, Zoom was the most used videoconferencing app, with a global market share of over 55 percent. Microsoft Teams followed, holding a share of the market of approximately 32 percent, while Go To Meeting had a market share of less than 10 percent. Zooming in: company financials and operations Zoom Video Communication’s revenue has experienced a constant increase since 2019. The company generated a revenue of over 4.5 billion U.S. dollars in their fiscal year of 2024, an increase of over 10 times compared to 2019 - the year in which Zoom entered the public market. During Zoom’s most recently reported quarterly results, the company generated around 170 million U.S. dollars in income from operations globally. In terms of spending on managerial operations, Zoom spent around 1.5 billion U.S. dollars on sales and marketing during 2024. Additionally, the spending on research and development amounts to over 800 million U.S. dollars. In 2024, Zoom’s workforce comprised of approximately 70 percent men and 29 percent women. Around 73 percent of leaders in the company were men, while women held 26 percent of leadership positions.

Introduction

Zoom vs Google Meet Statistics: In 2024, Zoom and Google Meet remain two of the most widely used video conferencing platforms worldwide. Organisations, educators, and individuals rely upon these tools for meetings, classes, and social interactions.

The article gives an in-depth look at Zoom vs Google Meet statistics that bring to light usage trends, market share, differences in features, and user growth, revenue, and pricing information—all presented in layman's terms.

In the UK, the number of daily active users (DAU) of Zoom reached a peak of roughly *** million towards the end of November, 2020. The video communications app saw the start of a huge increase in its DAU around the same time that the coronavirus outbreak hit the UK, as more and more people took part in virtual meetings for work, as well as for socializing with family and friends. This is according to data from Airnow.

In March 2024, close to 732 million unique global visitors accessed Zoom.us, down from 880 million visitors six months before. Zoom is a videoconferencing platform that gained immense global popularity for remote work, distance education and online social relations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fire off a few shots and check the image on your LCD screen. If you used all the correct settings, you should have a perfectly exposed ocean sunset with your subject rendered as a black silhouette. First, focus the camera on the woman subject. We want the outline of her silhouette to be crisp and in perfect focus. I recommend using a large aperture opening, specifically f8 or higher. The reason for this is we want the background sunset and ocean to be in good focus too. One great portrait effect can be had just by remembering that you don?t need to see a face to know who the person is, as when they are in silhouette. These do take some extra thought in creating, as you need to really get the lighting ?right-on? but if all else fails just go outside at sunset and place the person in front of it. Just expose for the sky area a bit away from the sun and the person will then automatically come out as a silhouette. These kinds of shots also make for great romantic images such as a couple at a beach at sunset.

Getting closer to your subject with a zoom telephoto lens will both isolate your subject and draw attention to it. Many second rate photographs aren?t visually interesting because the photographer hasn?t taken the time to isolate the subject and make it pop. When you zoom in on the important details, your subjects will always steal the show. Normal lenses don?t always give you this luxury, which is another reason why telephoto zoom lenses are crucial. In addition to offering you the marvelous convenience of being able to change focal lengths quickly between pictures, zoom lenses enable you to create a novel special effect by changing focal lengths during an exposure. The result of this zoom effect is a relatively sharp central subject engulfed in a radiant burst of light streaks. The effect works best with a strong color or tonal contrast or with a brightly colored subject set against a dark background. In order to use shutter zoom, unwind your lens so it is zoomed out as far as possible. As soon as you hit the shutter use your left hand to scroll the lens back in. Check the LCD to judge your results and experiment with the speed at which you zoom in to create different effects. Also try starting with the zoom as wide as possible and during the exposure zoom in to your subject for a variation of results.

Regarding this topic, I also have written a What are the most important upgrades for the Canon G13? article. You are welcome to click and read it. I hope you like it!

I love when all the color start coming back out. The pinks and greens and reds and yellows. It?s like a fresh start. I grew up in Indonesia, it had pretty and warm 80 degree weather all year? there is no such thing as four seasons there, because it is tropical. When I moved here I just could not believe the four distinct seasons of winter, spring, summer, fall?each season brings its own colors and feel, I just LOVE it! :) I often wonder why so few photographers explore the world after night falls. Perhaps they feel that capturing light is a daytime adventure, or that night photography a mysterious and difficult assignment. In fact, night photography is remarkably simple - but you have to invest a bit of effort to achieve images that will make your friends open their eyes and say, ?WOW!?

Accepted: 6 April 2022 Behavior in using inappropriate technology and low level of individual awareness causes a high risk of cybercrime. This study aims to see the behavior and awareness of information security among users of the Zoom application, especially in the COVID-19 era in Indonesia. The measurement scales used in this study were RBS (Risky Behavior Scale), CBS (Conservative Behavior Scale), EOS (Exposure Offence Scale), and RPS (Risk Perception Scale). This research used an online questionnaire to collect data with 400 respondents. Data analysis techniques used the Independent Sample T-Test, Mann Whitney, One Way Anova, Krusskal Wallis, Tukey, Pairwise Comparison, and Spearman Rank, which were processed using the SPSS program. The results showed significant differences between demographics on behavior and information security awareness. Daily Internet usage time influenced behavior and awareness of information security. Security behavior and awareness of information security are essential to determine the risks due to behavior and lack of awareness of information security. The most important findings in this study can be used as a reference in designing information security training. Further studies are expected to add other variables such as psychography, geography, or other users of different video conferencing applications such as Google Meet, Microsoft Team, and Webex.

Infrared Zoom Lens Market Outlook

The global infrared zoom lens market size was estimated at USD 1.3 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 8.5% during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including the increasing adoption of infrared technology across various applications such as surveillance, military & defense, industrial, automotive, and medical sectors. Additionally, advancements in infrared technology are making these lenses more efficient and accessible, further propelling market growth.

One of the primary growth drivers for the infrared zoom lens market is the rising demand for advanced surveillance systems. With growing security concerns globally, there is an increasing need for reliable and high-performance surveillance solutions. Infrared zoom lenses provide excellent night vision capabilities and can capture clear images even in low-light conditions, making them indispensable in modern surveillance systems. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning with infrared technology is enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of these systems, further boosting market demand.

Another significant factor propelling the growth of the infrared zoom lens market is the expanding application in the military and defense sector. Infrared zoom lenses are crucial components in various military equipment, including night vision goggles, thermal imaging cameras, and missile guidance systems. The ongoing advancements in military technology, coupled with increasing defense budgets across several countries, are driving the demand for more sophisticated and high-performance infrared zoom lenses. This trend is expected to continue over the forecast period, providing robust growth opportunities for market players.

The industrial and automotive sectors are also contributing significantly to the growth of the infrared zoom lens market. In the industrial sector, these lenses are used for equipment maintenance and monitoring, ensuring that machinery operates efficiently and safely. In the automotive sector, infrared zoom lenses are increasingly being integrated into advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles to enhance night vision and obstacle detection capabilities. The growing focus on industrial automation and the development of autonomous driving technologies are expected to create substantial demand for infrared zoom lenses over the forecast period.

Regionally, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth in the infrared zoom lens market during the forecast period. This growth is driven by the rapid industrialization and urbanization in countries such as China, India, and Japan. Additionally, the increasing defense expenditure and the growing adoption of advanced surveillance systems in these countries are further contributing to market growth. North America and Europe are also significant markets for infrared zoom lenses, driven by the presence of key market players, technological advancements, and substantial investments in military and defense sectors.

Product Type Analysis

The infrared zoom lens market can be segmented by product type into continuous zoom lenses and discrete zoom lenses. Continuous zoom lenses provide smooth and uninterrupted zooming capabilities, making them ideal for applications requiring precise and flexible focal length adjustments. These lenses are widely used in surveillance and military applications where dynamic and real-time adjustments to the zoom level are crucial. The growing demand for high-performance surveillance systems and advanced military equipment is driving the adoption of continuous zoom lenses, which is expected to contribute significantly to market growth.

Discrete zoom lenses, on the other hand, offer fixed zoom levels with specific focal lengths. These lenses are typically used in applications where predefined zoom levels are sufficient, such as in certain industrial and automotive applications. Discrete zoom lenses are generally more cost-effective and simpler to manufacture compared to continuous zoom lenses, making them an attractive option for budget-conscious end-users. The increasing adoption of automation and robotics in the industrial sector is driving the demand for discrete zoom lenses, as they are often used in machine vision systems for inspection and quality control processes.

Modular Zoom Lenses Market Outlook

The global modular zoom lenses market size is projected to grow significantly from an estimated USD 4.5 billion in 2023 to a forecasted USD 9.2 billion by 2032, at a robust CAGR of 8.5% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by advancements in optical technologies and increasing consumer demand for versatile and high-quality imaging solutions across various sectors.

One of the primary growth factors for the modular zoom lenses market is the rapid evolution in digital imaging technologies. With advancements in sensor technologies and image processing capabilities, there is an increasing demand for high-quality lenses that can complement these innovations. Manufacturers are focusing on developing lenses that can provide superior zoom capabilities without compromising image quality, leading to a rise in both production and sales of modular zoom lenses. Additionally, the growing popularity of mirrorless cameras, which require high-performance lenses, is further propelling the market growth.

Another significant driver of market growth is the increasing use of modular zoom lenses in the surveillance and security sectors. With the rising need for enhanced security measures across public and private sectors, there is a substantial demand for high-resolution zoom lenses that can capture clear images over long distances. This application is particularly critical in urban areas and for governmental surveillance operations, where detailed imagery is crucial for monitoring and security purposes. The development of lenses that can operate efficiently in low-light conditions has further augmented their demand in this segment.

The proliferation of social media and the culture of digital content creation have also contributed to the growth of the modular zoom lenses market. Both amateur and professional photographers and videographers are continually seeking high-quality equipment to produce visually compelling content. The modularity of these lenses allows users to adapt and upgrade their equipment based on specific needs, making them highly desirable in the content creation community. The trend of vlogging and live streaming has created a new market segment that demands versatile and high-performing zoom lenses, thereby boosting overall sales.

In recent years, the introduction of Portable UHD-HD Lenses has significantly impacted the modular zoom lenses market. These lenses offer unparalleled versatility and are designed to meet the demands of high-definition broadcasting and professional videography. Their compact and lightweight design makes them ideal for on-the-go shooting, without compromising on image quality. The ability to capture ultra-high-definition images with enhanced clarity and detail has made these lenses a popular choice among content creators and broadcasters. As the demand for high-quality video content continues to rise, Portable UHD-HD Lenses are expected to play a crucial role in shaping the future of the modular zoom lenses market. Their adaptability to various shooting conditions and ease of use further enhance their appeal, making them a valuable asset for both amateur and professional videographers.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. This can be attributed to the booming electronics manufacturing industry in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea, which are also major hubs for camera and lens production. Moreover, the increasing disposable income and rising consumer interest in photography as a hobby or profession in this region are driving the demand for modular zoom lenses. On the other hand, North America and Europe are expected to maintain significant market shares due to the established presence of leading camera brands and a mature market for digital imaging products.

Product Type Analysis

The modular zoom lenses market by product type can be segmented into standard zoom lenses, telephoto zoom lenses, wide-angle zoom lenses, and others. Standard zoom lenses, which offer a versatile range of focal lengths suitable for various photography needs, are popular among both amateur and professional photographers. These lenses are often included in camera kits and are considered essential for everyday use. Their balanced performance in different lighting conditions and ease of use make them a staple in many photographers' equipment.

Telephoto zoom lenses are

Megapixel Zoom Lens Market Outlook

The global megapixel zoom lens market size was valued at approximately USD 7.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 15.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 8.6% during the forecast period. The market growth is driven by the increasing demand for high-resolution imaging across various sectors, including surveillance, photography, and medical applications. As the need for detailed and precise imaging becomes more critical in these sectors, the adoption of megapixel zoom lenses is expected to accelerate significantly.

One of the primary growth factors for the megapixel zoom lens market is the rising demand for advanced surveillance systems. With the growing concerns about security and safety, both on a personal and public level, the need for high-definition surveillance cameras has surged. Megapixel zoom lenses provide the clarity and detail necessary to monitor and secure various environments effectively. This surge in demand is particularly notable in urban areas, commercial establishments, and public infrastructure projects, where high-quality surveillance is paramount.

Additionally, the proliferation of digital photography and the increasing popularity of high-definition cameras have propelled the demand for megapixel zoom lenses. As consumers and professionals alike seek to capture images with greater detail and clarity, the market for advanced zoom lenses has expanded. This trend is further bolstered by the rapid advancements in camera technology, which has led to the development of more sophisticated and versatile zoom lenses that can cater to various photography needs, from wildlife to sports and beyond.

Furthermore, the medical sector has emerged as a significant contributor to the growth of the megapixel zoom lens market. High-resolution imaging is crucial for accurate diagnostics and surgical procedures. Megapixel zoom lenses are increasingly being integrated into medical imaging equipment, such as endoscopes and microscopes, to provide healthcare professionals with the detailed visuals needed for precise assessments and treatments. This trend is expected to continue as medical technology advances and the demand for minimally invasive procedures rises.

Regionally, Asia Pacific is set to dominate the megapixel zoom lens market during the forecast period. The region's rapid urbanization, coupled with increasing investments in infrastructure and security, has driven the demand for advanced surveillance systems. Moreover, the thriving consumer electronics market in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea is boosting the adoption of high-definition cameras and, consequently, megapixel zoom lenses. North America and Europe are also significant markets, driven by strong industrial and medical applications of these lenses.

An often overlooked yet critical component in the functionality of motorized zoom lenses is the Lens Control Motor. This motor is responsible for the precise movement and adjustment of the lens elements, allowing for smooth and accurate zooming capabilities. As the demand for high-quality imaging increases, the performance of the Lens Control Motor becomes even more crucial. It ensures that the lens can quickly and accurately focus on subjects, providing the sharpness and clarity required in various applications, from surveillance to medical imaging. The advancement in motor technology has led to quieter and more efficient motors, enhancing the overall user experience and reliability of motorized zoom lenses.

Product Type Analysis

The product type segment of the megapixel zoom lens market is bifurcated into fixed zoom lenses and motorized zoom lenses. Fixed zoom lenses, typically known for their durability and precise focusing capabilities, are widely used in applications where a fixed focal length and high reliability are required. These lenses are especially prevalent in fixed surveillance systems and certain industrial applications. Their robust build and consistent performance make them a preferred choice for long-term installations where minimal maintenance is desired.

Motorized zoom lenses, on the other hand, offer greater flexibility and control, making them ideal for dynamic environments. The ability to remotely adjust the focal length and zoom settings allows for real-time adjustments based on the situation's requirements. This feature is particularly important in high-stakes surveillance and medical applicatio

The Global Surveillance CCTV Lens Market size is expected to grow from USD 2.5 billion in 2018 to USD XX billion by 2028, at a CAGR of 7.0% during the forecast period. The growth of this market can be attributed to the increasing demand for high-resolution video footage and the growing adoption of advanced security systems across the globe.

A lens is a component of a CCTV Camera system that gathers light from the scene and directs it onto the image sensor. Surveillance CCTV lenses come in various types, including fixed lenses, varifocal lenses, and zoom lenses. They are also available in different focal lengths to meet the needs of different applications. A surveillance CCTV lens helps capture images for security purposes. It is an important component of any security camera system.

On the basis of Type, the market is segmented into Fixed Lenses, Varifocal Lenses, and Zoom Lenses. The Fixed Lenses segment accounted for the largest share of the global surveillance CCTV lens market in 2018.

Fixed Lenses:

Fixed Lenses Surveillance CCTV Lens is one of the most commonly used types of Surveillance CCTV Lenses, as they offer a cost-effective solution for security and surveillance applications. Fixed Lenses Surveillance CCTV Lenses are available in a wide range of focal lengths, which makes them suitable for use in various environments. Fixed Lenses Surveillance CCTV Lenses are typically used in indoor applications such as banks, offices, and retail stores. They can also be used in outdoor applications such as airports and railway stations.

Varifocal Lenses:

A Varifocal lens is a type of CCTV lens that can be adjusted to change the focal length. This adjustment allows for the user to zoom in and out on a specific area or object. They are often used in surveillance applications where it is necessary to have the ability to adjust the focus point of the camera. Varifocal lenses come in both manual and motorized varieties. The manual variety requires the user to physically rotate the lens barrel to adjust the focal length. The motorized variety uses an electric motor to make this adjustment automatically. Most modern varifocal lenses include an automatic aperture feature that adjusts as you zoom in and out, keeping the image brightness consistent.

Zoom Lens:

A Zoom Lens is a type of surveillance CCTV lens that has the ability to change its focal length. This allows the camera operator to adjust the magnification of an image. Zoom lenses are often used in security applications where it is important to be able to get a close-up view of a subject. They can also be useful for covering large areas, as they can provide more detail than a fixed lens.

On the basis of Application, the market is segmented into Residential, Commercial, and Industrial. The residential application segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period.

Residential:

Surveillance CCTV Lens is used extensively in the Residential sector for security purposes. The wide-angle lens allows you to cover a large area and keep an eye on all activity within that space. They are also used for monitoring children or elderly people who need constant supervision. The zoom lenses allow you to get close-ups of specific areas or people, which can be helpful in identifying intruders or possible safety threats. Varifocal lenses provide flexibility by allowing the user to change the focal length as needed. This is beneficial when there are changes in the layout of the home, such as when new furniture is added.

Commercial:

Surveillance CCTV Lens is used in a commercial setting to provide security for a business. They can be used to monitor activity inside and outside of a building, and can also be used to deter crime. Surveillance CCTV Lens can be used in conjunction with other security measures, such as alarm systems and access control systems. Some businesses use Surveillance CCTV Lens as a way to monitor employee productivity. By placing cameras in strategic locations, employers can see which employees are working hard and which ones may be slacking off. This information can then be used to make decisions about raises or promotions. Additionally, businesses may use Surveillance CCTV Lens to investigate incidents of theft or vandalism.

Industrial:

Surveillance CCTV lenses are used in various industrial applications to protect the workers, equipment, and premises from any unauthorized access or activity. The lenses help to identify the intruders and provide clear images for further action. Some of the common industrial uses of these lenses

Use the Zone Lookup template to allow users to search for an address or use their current location to identify locations that are within a zone or region. With apps created with this template, users can learn more about a location and features of interest in the surrounding area. Grouping results by layer provides an organized view of search results. You can also include the export tool to capture images of the map with the search results. Examples: Facilitate finding hurricane evacuation zones by address in an emergency. Build an app where users can identify schools within a school district, based on a searched address or location. Provide city planning information by zone or area. Data requirements The Zone Lookup template requires a feature layer to use all of its capabilities. Key app capabilities Results - Customize result panel location information with feature attributes from a configured pop-up. Show selected result only - Display the selected result feature in the map while hiding the other features. Attribute filter - Configure map filter options that are available to or added by app users. Sketch a zone - Enable app users to draw a search zone with sketch tools, including buffer capabilities. Export - Print or export the search results or selected features as a .pdf, .jpg, or .png file that includes the pop-up content of returned features and an option to include the map. Additionally, download the search results as a .csv file. Language switcher - Provide translations for custom text and create a multilingual app. Home, Zoom controls, Legend, Layer List, Search Supportability This web app is designed responsively to be used in browsers on desktops, mobile phones, and tablets. We are committed to ongoing efforts towards making our apps as accessible as possible. Please feel free to leave a comment on how we can improve the accessibility of our apps for those who use assistive technologies.

According to a March 2021 survey of working adults worldwide, 46 percent of respondents regularly used Zoom both in their private life and at work. Microsoft Teams followed in second place, with 29 percent of respondents indicating they used the platform for communication purposes. Microsoft-owned service Skype ranked third, with 25 percent of respondents selecting the platform as their regular communication tool.

Recording and processing a survey using an eye tracker The eye-tracker used is a Pupil Core from Pupil Labs. The basic eye tracker configuration, i.e. a fixation time of 80 ms to 200 ms, is kept for this experiment.The aim of the experiment is to understand what a person looks at to find their way around a multi-scale map and to understand the different strategies used. To do this, the user will be free to use the map as he wishes, i.e. he can use pan and zoom at will. Four types of tasks will be asked in order to have a maximum of types of use of multi-scale map.The first task is to simulate that a user is using an application like map or Google map and is looking for a specific address. The map application will then zoom in very strongly on the address. The user has little spatial context and it often takes some time to find his way around. To simulate the application, a point is placed on Paris or its surroundings and the display is very zoomed (Paris was chosen because most people have a more or less detailed mental map of Paris). The user is then asked to interact with the map (zooming and panning) until he feels he is sufficiently located, as he would if he had to search for a place on his mobile phone. When he is located, he just needs to move on to the next stage without asking for validation. This stage is carried out in four locations. The four points are located near Montmartre, at the entrance to the catacombs of Paris, in Vincennes and finally at Porte d'AsnièresThe second task is to find a place from an aerial image. The aerial image of a specific area is displayed and the map is zoomed out to the city where the location is located. The user must then try to find the location in the image. Unlike the first task, the user must request validation before proceeding to the next stage. This task is repeated in two different cities. The two images are the tête d'or park in Lyon and a building block next to a railway in Dijon.The third task also consists of finding a precise location using textual indications. The user still has to ask for validation to go to the next stage . This task is repeated in two different cities.The first was "to find the town hall which is just south of the town centre and next to the library" and the second was "to find the stadium east of the town centre and north of the river Vilaine with a north/south orientation.The last task builds on tasks 2 and 3. The map is again zoomed out, an aerial image appears and textual indications are given. This task is repeated on two different cities. The first image is of a building in beauvais with the indication: "the building is in the north west of sqare next to the SNCF station". The second one is a picture of a stadium in lyon with the indication: "the stadium is west of the confluence of lyon".data format :Coord_fixation_on_map_x_y: geolocated fixation point with x the survey type 1 or 2 and y the candidate number (id_fixation,x,y,zoom,etape)Pan: pan on the map during the surveyPan_fixation_on_map : fixation during a panzoom: zoom on the map during the surveyzoom_fixation_on_map: fixation during a zoom stat: number of zoom, pan and fixation per stepresult_map_x = map status every 100 ms during the survey x

Increased reliance on Zoom-like (webcam) platforms for interpersonal communications has raised the question of how this new virtual format compares to real face-to-face interactions. This question is also relevant to current models of face processing. Neural coding of simulated faces engages feature-selective processes in the ventral visual stream and two-person live face-to-face interactions engage additional face processes in the lateral and dorsal visual streams. However, it is not known if and/or how live in-person face processes differ from live virtual face processes because the faces and tasks are essentially the same. Current views of functional specificity predict no neural difference between the virtual and live conditions. Here we compare the same live faces viewed both over a video format and in person with measures of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), eye tracking, pupillometry, and electroencephalography (EEG). Neural activity was increased in dorsal regions for in-person face gaze and was increased in ventral regions for virtual face gaze. Longer dwell times on the face, increased arousal indexed by pupil diameter, increased neural oscillation power in the theta band, and increased cross-brain coherence were also observed for the in-person face condition. These findings highlight the fundamental importance of real faces and natural interactions for models of face processing. Methods Participants Sample size was determined by a power analysis based on prior face gaze experiments (Noah, et al, 2020) where peak brain activations between task and rest in the rTPJ were 0.00055 + 0.0003 and the distance (signal difference/standard deviation) was 0.534. Using the “pwr” package of R statistical software (Champely, 2020) at a significance of p < 0.05 the sample must include 23 participants to ensure the conventional power of 0.80. Our sample size of 28 meets and exceeds that standard. All participants provided written informed consent in accordance with guidelines approved by the Yale University Human Investigation Committee (HIC # 1501015178). Dyads were assigned in order of recruitment, and participants were either strangers before the experiment or casually acquainted. Participants were not stratified further by affiliation or dyad gender mix. Six pairs were mixed gender, six pairs were female-female, and two pairs were male-male. Paradigm Each dyad participated in two tasks in which they were seated 140 cm across a table from each other. In both tasks, dyads were instructed to gaze at the eyes of their partner (Figure 1). In the In-person condition, dyads had a direct face-to-face view of each other. A panel of smart glass (glass that is capable of alternating its appearance between opaque and transparent upon application of an appropriate voltage) was positioned in the middle of the table 70 cm away from each participant (Figure 1A). In the Virtual Face condition, each dyad watched their partner’s faces projected in real-time on separate 24-inch 16 × 9 computer monitors placed in front of the glass (Figure 1B). The in-person and virtual conditions were performed in the same location by the same dyads (see illustration in Fig 1A and B) to avoid questions regarding whether the virtual partner was real or not. Participants were instructed to minimize head movements, remain as still as possible during the task by avoiding large motions, and maintain facial expressions that were as neutral as possible. The time series (Figure 1C) and experimental details are similar to previous studies (Hirsch et al., 2017; Noah et al., 2020). At the start of a block, prompted by an auditory beep, dyads fixated on a crosshair located in the center of the monitor in the Virtual Face condition or in the center of the opaque smart glass in the In-person condition. The face of the Virtual partner was visual-angle corrected to the same size as the In-person Face (Figure 1B). The auditory tone also cued viewing the crosshair during the rest/baseline condition according to the protocol time series (Figure 1C). Six 15-second (s) active task periods alternated with a 15-second rest/baseline period for a total of 3 minutes per run. The task period consisted of three 6 s cycles in which face presentation alternated “on” for 3 s and “off” for 3 s for each of the three events (Figure 1C). The smart glass became transparent during the “on” period and opaque during the “off” and rest periods. The time series was performed in the same way for all conditions. During the 15 s rest/baseline period, participants focused on the fixation crosshair, as in the case of the 3 s “off” periods that separated the eye contact and gaze events and were instructed to “clear their minds” during this break. The 3 s time “on” period was selected due to increasing discomfort when maintaining eye contact with a live partner for periods longer than that (Hirsch et al., 2017; Noah et al., 2020). Each 3-minute run was repeated twice. The whole paradigm lasted 18 minutes. Stimulus presentation, eye-tracking data acquisition, fNIRS signal acquisition, and EEG signal acquisition were synchronized using TTL and UDP triggers (details below) that were sent to all machines simultaneously. Data Acquisition Eye Tracking. Eye tracking data were acquired using two Tobii Pro x3-120 eye trackers (Tobii Pro, Stockholm, Sweden), one per participant, at a sampling rate of 120 Hz. In the In-person condition, eye trackers were mounted on the smart glass facing each participant. Calibration was performed using three points on their partner’s face prior to the start of the experiment. The partner was instructed to stay still and look straight ahead while the participant was told to look first at the partner’s right eye, then left eye, then the tip of the chin. In the Virtual Face condition, eye trackers were mounted on the lower edge of the computer monitor facing each participant, and the same three-point calibration approach was applied using the partner’s face displayed on the computer monitor via webcam. Tobii Pro Lab software (Tobii Pro, Stockholm, Sweden) and OpenFace (Baltrušaitis et al., 2016) were used to create areas of interest for subsequent eye-tracking analyses performed in MATLAB 2019a (Mathworks, Natick, MA). UDP signals were used to synchronize the triggers from the stimulus presentation program to a custom virtual keyboard interpretation tool written in Python and sent to the Tobii Pro Lab software. When a face-watching trial started and ended, UDP triggers were sent via Ethernet from the paradigm computer to the eye-tracking computers, and the virtual keyboard “typed” a letter that marked the events in the eye-tracking data recorded in Tobii Pro Lab subsequently used to delimit face-watching intervals. Pupillometry. Pupil diameter measures were acquired using the Tobii Pro Lab software and post-processing triggers to partition time sequences into face-watching intervals. Left and right pupil diameters were averaged for each frame and interpolated to 120 Hz as gaze position sampling. Electroencephalography (EEG). A g.USBamp (g.tec medical engineering GmbH, Austria) system with two bio-amplifiers and 32 electrodes per subject were used to collect EEG data at a sampling rate of 256 Hz. Electrodes were arranged in a layout similar to the 10-10 system; however, exact positioning was limited by the location of the electrode holders, which were held rigid between the optode holders. Electrodes were placed as closely as possible to the following positions: Fp1, Fp2, AF3, AF4, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, PC5, PC1, PC2, PC6, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, CP5, CP1, CP2, CP6, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, PO3, PO4, O1, Oz, and O2. Conductive gel was applied to each electrode to reduce resistance by ensuring contact between the electrodes and the scalp. As gel was applied, data were visualized using a bandpass filter to allow frequencies between 1 and 60 Hz. The ground electrode was placed on the forehead between AF3 and AF4 and an ear clip was used for reference.. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). A Shimadzu LABNIRS system (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) was used to collect fNIRS data at a sampling rate of 123 ms. Each emitter transmitted three wavelengths of light, 780, 805, and 830 nm, and each detector measured the amount of light that was not absorbed. The amount of light absorbed by the blood was converted to concentrations of OxyHb and deOxyHb using the Beer-Lambert equation. Custom-made caps with interspersed optodes and electrode holders were used to acquire concurrent fNIRS and EEG signals (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). The distance between optodes was 2.75 cm or 3 cm, respectively, for participants with head circumferences less than 56.5 cm or greater than 56.5 cm. Caps were placed such that the most anterior midline optode holder was ≈2.0 cm above nasion, and the most posterior and inferior midline optode holder was on or below inion. Optodes consisting of 40 emitters and 40 detectors were placed on each participant to cover bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal areas (Figure 1D), providing a total of 60 acquisition channels per participant. A lighted fiber-optic probe (Daiso, Hiroshima, Japan) was used to remove hair from the optode channel before optodes were placed. To ensure acceptable signal-to-noise ratios, resistance was measured for each channel before recording. Adjustments were made until all optodes were calibrated and able to sense known quantities of light from each laser wavelength (Noah et al., 2015; Ono et al., 2014; Tachibana et al., 2011). After the experiment, a Polhemus Patriot digitizer (Polhemus, Colchester, Vermont) was used to record the position of EEG electrodes and fNIRS optodes, as well as five anatomical locations (nasion, inion, Cz, left tragus, and right tragus) for each participant (Eggebrecht et al., 2014; Eggebrecht et al., 2012; Ferradal et al., 2014; Okamoto & Dan, 2005;

The zoom flashlight market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. While precise market size figures for 2025 are unavailable, considering the presence of major players like Olight, Ledlenser, and SureFire, and referencing comparable lighting markets showing average annual growth rates (CAGR) of around 5-7%, we can estimate the 2025 market size at approximately $150 million USD. This estimate is based on a reasonable projection considering the expanding applications of zoom flashlights in professional settings (law enforcement, search and rescue), outdoor activities (hiking, camping), and everyday use (home security, emergency preparedness). The CAGR for the forecast period (2025-2033) is estimated to be 6%, reflecting continued market expansion driven by technological advancements (e.g., improved LED technology, longer battery life, increased brightness) and increasing consumer awareness of the benefits of versatile and powerful lighting solutions. Key growth drivers include the rising popularity of outdoor recreational activities and the increasing demand for reliable emergency lighting solutions in both professional and consumer markets. Technological innovation, particularly in LED technology and rechargeable battery solutions, is expected to further fuel market growth. Market restraints primarily involve potential price sensitivity in certain consumer segments and the competitive landscape, where established brands compete with newer entrants. However, ongoing product innovation and diversification are mitigating these challenges. Segment analysis reveals strong growth in high-lumen zoom flashlights for professional use, while a more moderate growth trajectory is expected for lower-cost consumer models. Regional variations are expected, with North America and Europe currently dominating the market but witnessing increasing competition from Asia-Pacific markets. The significant player base, including Olight, Ledlenser, Maglite, and others, indicates a dynamic and competitive market with continuous product enhancements driving sales. The continued adoption of zoom flashlights across various applications promises sustained growth over the forecast period.

The ultra-telephoto zoom lens market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand from professional and enthusiast photographers, videographers, and wildlife enthusiasts. The market's expansion is fueled by technological advancements resulting in improved image stabilization, enhanced autofocus capabilities, and lighter, more compact lens designs. These improvements make ultra-telephoto zoom lenses more accessible and versatile, broadening their appeal beyond professional use. The rising popularity of wildlife photography and sports videography, coupled with the growth of the travel and adventure photography segments, significantly contributes to market expansion. Furthermore, the increasing affordability of high-quality cameras and lenses, particularly in the mirrorless segment, is democratizing access to this previously niche market. We estimate the current market size (2025) at $1.5 billion, based on observed growth in related camera and lens markets. A conservative Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% is projected from 2025 to 2033, reflecting continued technological innovation and market penetration. However, market growth faces some restraints. The high price point of premium ultra-telephoto zoom lenses remains a significant barrier to entry for many consumers. Competition among established players like Nikon, Canon, Sony, Sigma, Tamron, Olympus, Panasonic, Rokinon, Samyang, and Tokina is intense, leading to price pressure and the need for continuous innovation. The increasing prevalence of digital image manipulation techniques also presents a potential challenge, as some photographers may opt for post-processing enhancements rather than investing in expensive lenses. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the ultra-telephoto zoom lens market remains positive, fueled by consistent technological advancements and growing consumer demand for high-quality imaging solutions across diverse applications. The market is expected to witness significant expansion in regions with burgeoning middle classes and increasing disposable incomes, particularly in Asia and emerging economies.

Motorized Zoom Lens Market Outlook

The global motorized zoom lens market size was valued at approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 2.9 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period. The significant growth in this market can be attributed to advancements in imaging technologies, the increasing adoption of high-resolution cameras in various sectors, and the growing demand for automation in industrial applications.

One of the primary growth factors driving the motorized zoom lens market is the rapid technological advancements in the field of optics and photonics. The development of sophisticated imaging technologies has led to the creation of high-quality lenses that offer superior zoom capabilities, greater precision, and enhanced image quality. This has significantly increased the adoption of motorized zoom lenses in industries such as security and surveillance, medical imaging, and industrial inspection. Furthermore, the continuous innovation in lens materials and manufacturing processes is expected to further boost market growth.

Another major factor contributing to the market's expansion is the increasing use of motorized zoom lenses in the security and surveillance sector. With the rising concerns about public safety and security, there has been a surge in the deployment of advanced surveillance systems equipped with motorized zoom lenses. These lenses offer the ability to zoom in and out seamlessly, providing clear and detailed images, which are crucial for effective monitoring and threat assessment. Additionally, the integration of motorized zoom lenses with artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies is further enhancing the capabilities of surveillance systems, making them more efficient and reliable.

The growing demand for automation in industrial applications is also driving the motorized zoom lens market. In industries such as manufacturing, automotive, and electronics, the use of motorized zoom lenses in automated inspection systems is becoming increasingly common. These lenses enable precise and accurate inspection of components, ensuring high-quality standards and reducing the risk of defects. Furthermore, the adoption of motorized zoom lenses in robotic systems for tasks such as assembly, welding, and quality control is expected to fuel market growth. The trend towards Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing is likely to create significant opportunities for motorized zoom lens manufacturers in the coming years.

In the realm of advanced imaging technologies, the Nir Corrected Zoom Lens has emerged as a pivotal innovation. This lens is specifically designed to enhance image clarity and accuracy by correcting near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which are often problematic in standard zoom lenses. By addressing these wavelengths, the Nir Corrected Zoom Lens improves the quality of images captured in low-light conditions and environments with high levels of infrared interference. This makes it particularly valuable in applications such as surveillance and medical imaging, where precision and detail are paramount. The integration of Nir Corrected Zoom Lenses in these sectors is expected to drive further advancements and adoption, as industries continue to seek out technologies that offer superior imaging capabilities.

Regional analysis indicates that Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the motorized zoom lens market during the forecast period. The region's growth can be attributed to the presence of key manufacturing hubs, increasing investments in surveillance infrastructure, and the proliferation of consumer electronics. Countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea are leading the market in terms of technological advancements and adoption rates. Additionally, the rising disposable incomes and growing awareness about security and surveillance in developing economies are expected to further drive market growth in the region.

Product Type Analysis

When analyzing the motorized zoom lens market by product type, it is essential to consider the different categories, namely compact motorized zoom lenses, standard motorized zoom lenses, and telephoto motorized zoom lenses. Compact motorized zoom lenses are increasingly gaining traction due to their small size and lightweight nature, which make them ideal for use in portable and handheld devices such as cameras and camcorders. These lenses offer high zoom capabilities while maintaining a compact form factor, maki

The global Zoom Telecentric Lenses market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing automation in manufacturing, advancements in semiconductor technology, and the expanding medical imaging sector. The market's size in 2025 is estimated at $500 million, projected to reach $800 million by 2033, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 5%. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the demand for high-precision imaging in manufacturing processes, particularly in quality control and inspection applications, is a significant driver. The need for accurate measurements and defect detection is propelling adoption across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and food and beverage. Secondly, the continuous miniaturization in the semiconductor and electronics industries necessitates the use of telecentric lenses for precise alignment and inspection of increasingly smaller components. Advancements in medical imaging techniques, particularly in microsurgery and ophthalmology, are also driving demand for high-resolution zoom telecentric lenses capable of capturing detailed images. Finally, the rising adoption of automated visual inspection systems across various sectors contributes to increased market demand. However, high initial investment costs for advanced telecentric lens systems and limited availability of skilled personnel to operate and maintain these systems represent potential market restraints. The market segmentation reveals significant opportunities. Motorized zoom lenses dominate the market due to their ease of use and automated operation, while applications in manufacturing and metrology currently hold the largest market share, closely followed by the semiconductor and electronics sector. Geographically, North America and Europe currently represent the largest markets, with a significant potential for growth in the Asia-Pacific region, driven by increasing industrialization and technological advancements in countries like China and India. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued market expansion across all segments and regions, with the increasing sophistication of applications driving demand for higher-resolution, more versatile telecentric lenses. Further market growth is expected to be supported by ongoing innovation in lens design and manufacturing, leading to improved image quality, enhanced performance, and reduced costs.