As of 2025, Mark Cavendish held the record for the most stage wins in the Tour de France, with a total of **. Meanwhile, second-placed Eddy Merckx held the record for the most overall Tour de France wins along with three other riders.

As of 2025, the Tour de France had seen more French winners than any other nationality, with the Tour being won by a French rider on ** occasions. Meanwhile, ** runners-up came from France.

As of 2025, the Tour de France had been won by French riders more often than any other country, with a participant from the host nation winning on ** occasions. Belgium ranked second, with ** wins in total, while Spain ranked third.

Context

A Breakaway is an integral part of a cycle road race stage. They are interesting, they keep riders alert and viewers engaged. A typical Breakaway is a bunch of riders attacking the peloton i.e. main bunch of riders in the early part of the stage race. These breakaway riders then try to establish a time gap between them and the main Peloton and try to maintain this gap till the end so that the stage winner is from this breakaway. Most of the time these breakway riders are caught by the peloton but some times this breakaway or few riders from the breakaway survive and eventually one of them wins the stage.

Content

The training data consist of data from the stages of 2014, 2015 & 2016 Grand tours(Giro, Tour de France(TDF), Vuelta) and we have two test data, first 2017 Giro stages which was held in May for which we have actual result so that we can compare with our prediction and second 2017 TDF which is in progress till July 23 2017.

NOTE:- Time Trail Stages are excluded since there are no Breakaway in these stages.

The training data( GT_stage_data) consist of 11 variables and 169 observations. variables are stage distance in Km, elevation in meters i.e height from sea level at start and end points of the stage, also maximum and minimum elevation in the race. Then there are 5 categories of climbs in the race, Cat 4 climb is the easiest and HC climb is the hardest. The last column is the Breakaway_win which has the actual result of the stage, whether the stage was won by the rider in the breakaway(i.e 1 ) or not (i.e 0). The test data (2017_Giro_stages and 2017_TDF stages) also have same variables with additional Stages column at the start for stage number reference. 2017_TDF stages test data does not have Breakaway_win column since 2017 tour is in progess.

Inspiration

It's a simple data just for fun , find out whether the breakaway will survive or not for each stage of 2017 tour de France.

As of 2020, Fausto Coppi (Italy), Alfredo Binda (Italy), and Eddy Merckx (Belgium) were the cyclists recording the highest number of victories at the Giro d'Italia. Each of them won the prestigious Italian cycling race five times. Moreover, Tao Geoghegan Hart (UK) won the 103rd edition of the Giro, held in 2020. That was the second Giro d'Italia won by a British rider.

The Giro d'Italia is a renowned bicycle race organized in Italy since 1909. Together with the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España, it is part of the so-called Grand Tours, ones of the most important cycling races worldwide. Originally, the race started and finished in Milan. However, for the last fifty years, the starting and finishing stages have changed annually.

As of 2025, Sylvain Chavanel had participated in more Tour de France competitions than any other cyclist, entering ** times between 2001 and 2018. Meanwhile, ***** riders have participated on ** occasions: George Hincapie, Jens Voigt, and Stuart O'Grady.

In 2024, the winner of the Tour de France, Tadej Pogačar, maintained an average speed of around ***** kilometers per hour. The Slovenian cyclist also won the famous event in 2021 with an average speed of ***** kilometers per hour.

Miguel Induráin, with five consecutive victories between 1991 and 1995, is the Spanish cyclist who had accummulated more Tour de France victories as of 2023. The Spaniard who had won the famous French competition most recently was Alberto Contador in 2009.

Food waste is a serious economic, environmental and social challenge all over the world. It occurs at all stages of the supply chain, be it in the fields, during processing, in stores or in our pantries. In 2020, ** percent of French people were disposing of leftovers or bread at least once a week. Cheese was less frequently wasted: * percent of respondents had to throw some away at least once a week.

In 2015, most of households in France were composed by one or two people. That year more than ********** households were one-person households. This number shows a demographic evolution in France, as well as in other European countries. The share of French people living alone went from **** percent in 2007 up to **** percent only ten years later.

Who are the French who live alone?

According to French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), the majority of people living alone were seniors aged from 65 years old and older. The growing life expectancy might be one of the reasons of the increase in the number of people living alone in France. On the other hand, the extension of studies seems to also have an impact on the proportion of single households in the country. Millennials have their first job at a later stage; they remain students for a longer time than before and are therefore more willing to live alone. In 2015, nearly ** percent of French citizens aged between 20 and 24 years old were living alone.

Families in France

Even though a lot of French people live alone, it appears that France is the European country which had the highest number of private households with three children or more. In 2015, there were more than ********* families in France, of which more than *********** were composed of a couple with children. Family structure is evolving in France with more children born-out-wedlock who are being raised in single-parent families.