Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in September 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

In August 2025, the highest electricity prices in the region were recorded in ******, where *** MWh cost nearly ****** euros. For comparison, in Latvia and Lithuania, the wholesale price of *** MWh was over ***** euros, and in Estonia, it was ***** euros.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The average wholesale electricity price in September 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

Electricity prices in Germany are forecast to amount to ***** euros per megawatt-hour in November 2025. Electricity prices in the country have not yet recovered to pre-pandemic levels. Electricity price recovery German electricity prices began recovering back to pre-energy crisis levels in 2024, a period driven by a complex interplay of factors, including increased heating demand, reduced wind power generation, and water scarcity affecting hydropower production. Despite Germany's progress in renewable energy sources, with over ** percent of gross electricity generated from renewable sources in 2024, the country still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Coal and natural gas accounted for approximately ** percent of the energy mix, making Germany vulnerable to fluctuations in global fuel prices. Impact on consumers and future outlook The volatility in electricity prices has directly impacted German consumers. As of April 1, 2024, households with basic supplier contracts were paying around ** cents per kilowatt-hour, making it the most expensive option compared to other providers or special contracts. The breakdown of household electricity prices in 2023 showed that supply and margin, along with energy procurement, constituted the largest controllable components, amounting to **** and **** euro cents per kilowatt-hour, respectively. While prices have decreased since the 2022 peak, they remain higher than pre-crisis levels, underscoring the ongoing challenges in Germany's energy sector as it continues its transition towards renewable sources.

Germany Electricity decreased 17.60 EUR/MWh or 15.21% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Germany Electricity Price.

The electricity delivery process has experienced a major shift in recent years, driven by a push to reduce emissions. Governments across Europe are actively moving away from conventional sources of electricity generation, leading to a decline in the continent's dependency on fossil fuels. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), renewables accounted for 41.7% of electricity generation in Europe in 2022, up from 32.9% in 2017. The rise of renewables has spurred an influx of renewable generators and necessitated increased investment in electricity networks. This has lifted revenue for transmission and distribution network operators. Revenue is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 8.7% over the five years through 2025, reaching €2.8 billion. Falling wholesale prices and a reduction in overall electricity consumption spurred a drop in revenue during the pandemic. Excess demand for natural gas as economies loosened pandemic-related restrictions spurred a strong rebound in wholesale electricity prices in 2021, translating to a jump in revenue. Wholesale prices recorded a renewed spike following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, spurring a surge in revenue generated by electricity producers and suppliers. Renewable generators were able to rake in extra profit from electricity sold to wholesale markets at inflated prices, counterbalancing a significant rise in costs for fossil fuel generators and electricity suppliers. Wholesale prices have since come down as Europe has diversified its fuel mix away from Russian gas. Revenue is forecast to decline by 5.1% in the current year. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 0.3% over the five years through 2030 to €2.9 billion. The revised Renewable Energy Directive of the EU has set a goal for 69% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2030. Electricity generators will continue expanding their renewables capacity, while investment in upgrading the electricity network to accommodate the rapid shift to renewables will boost income for transmission and distribution network operators. Rising renewable electricity generation will place downward pressure on wholesale prices, though the electrification of heat and transport is set to spur an uptick in demand for electricity across the continent.

In the third quarter of 2025, Bermuda had the highest household electricity prices worldwide, followed by Ireland, Italy, and Germany. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.44 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.42 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

This dataset presents a unified, cross-continental time-series day-ahead electricity prices compiled from major wholesale markets across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. The dataset offers a standardized format that supports time-series forecasting and enables robust comparative analysis across diverse global electricity markets.

Spain Electricity decreased 65.44 EUR/MWh or 48.17% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Spain Electricity Price.

View monthly updates and historical trends for European Union Consumer Price Index: Energy. Source: Eurostat. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

{"The data set contains wholesale power price time series data for Germany and France focussing on price setting effects in a long term low carbon European energy system context (scenario year 2050) generated with the model SCOPE SD of Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE. The single time series are focussing on the price setting effects of different flexible technologies including both traditional and new market participants due to cross-sectoral integration. Unit: Euro/Megawatthour Abbreviations: BEV - Battery Electric Vehicles GER - Germany FRA - France OCGT - Open Cycle Gas Turbine PHEV - Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles RES - Renewable energy sources (here: wind and solar power) th. - thermal"}

As of November 2025, Denmark had the highest average day-ahead electricity price among Nordic countries, amounting to ***** euros per megawatt-hour. Over the past few years, electricity prices soared in the Nordic region, the result of a global energy crisis that affected fossil fuels and electricity prices. Price variations across Nordic countries While Denmark had the highest electricity prices in October 2025, other Nordic countries see varying rates. Norway, for instance, recorded the lowest day-ahead weekly price at just **** euros per megawatt-hour that same month. This stark contrast underscores the regional differences in electricity production and consumption patterns across the Nordic countries. Electricity traded outside of the NordPool market is not reflected in these prices. Factors influencing Nordic electricity prices The disparity in electricity prices across Nordic countries can be attributed to various factors, including reliance on different energy sources. Iceland, for example, benefits from its fully clean electricity sector, resulting in some of the lowest household electricity prices in the region. In contrast, countries like Denmark and Finland face higher prices due to their partial dependence on fossil fuels. For non-residential consumers, prices also vary significantly, with Iceland offering the lowest rates at ***** euro cents per kilowatt-hour and Denmark the highest at ******euro cents per kilowatt-hour for annual consumption below ***** megawatt-hours in the first half of 2025. Despite having the highest industrial electricity prices among Nordic countries, Denmark's rates remain competitive compared to other European countries like Italy or Germany.

The Europe renewable energy market reached 2455.00 Gigawatt in 2024. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.60% during the forecast period of 2025-2034 to reach 5107.10 Gigawatt by 2034. Expansion of flexible grid interconnections across Europe is boosting renewable integration, allowing cross-border energy flows and improving system resilience while simultaneously lowering volatility in wholesale electricity markets.

Europe stands at the front line of the global shift toward renewable power, largely powered by its aggressive climate policies and remarkable auction-driven project pipeline. A key driving factor shaping the market’s growth is the EU’s 2030 framework, which requires member states to reach at least 42.5% renewable share in final energy use. According to the Europe renewable energy market analysis, in 2024 alone, renewables accounted for 47% of electricity generation, with Denmark reporting 88.4% from renewables. These milestones showcase how ambitious policies and government-backed targets shape confidence while also driving large-scale private investment.

Moreover, the ability to turn regulatory frameworks into concrete capacity growth makes the region unique. For example, in April 2025, the EU allocated EUR 52 million in 2024 for cross-border renewable projects in Finland and Estonia, expected to add 445 MW by 2028. Similarly, corporate PPAs surged, with businesses contracting 19 GW of renewable power in 2024, proving that private players are equally serious about decarbonization, reshaping the Europe renewable energy market dynamics. These developments highlight a balanced system where both policy-makers and industries are pushing for cleaner grids.

The electricity delivery process has experienced a major shift in recent years, driven by a push to reduce emissions. Governments across Europe are actively moving away from conventional sources of electricity generation, leading to a decline in the continent's dependency on fossil fuels. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), renewables accounted for 41.7% of electricity generation in Europe in 2022, up from 32.9% in 2017. The rise of renewables has spurred an influx of renewable generators and necessitated increased investment in electricity networks. This has lifted revenue for transmission and distribution network operators. Revenue is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 8.7% over the five years through 2025, reaching €2.8 billion. Falling wholesale prices and a reduction in overall electricity consumption spurred a drop in revenue during the pandemic. Excess demand for natural gas as economies loosened pandemic-related restrictions spurred a strong rebound in wholesale electricity prices in 2021, translating to a jump in revenue. Wholesale prices recorded a renewed spike following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, spurring a surge in revenue generated by electricity producers and suppliers. Renewable generators were able to rake in extra profit from electricity sold to wholesale markets at inflated prices, counterbalancing a significant rise in costs for fossil fuel generators and electricity suppliers. Wholesale prices have since come down as Europe has diversified its fuel mix away from Russian gas. Revenue is forecast to decline by 5.1% in the current year. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 0.3% over the five years through 2030 to €2.9 billion. The revised Renewable Energy Directive of the EU has set a goal for 69% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2030. Electricity generators will continue expanding their renewables capacity, while investment in upgrading the electricity network to accommodate the rapid shift to renewables will boost income for transmission and distribution network operators. Rising renewable electricity generation will place downward pressure on wholesale prices, though the electrification of heat and transport is set to spur an uptick in demand for electricity across the continent.

Context

On 1st September 2006, the Wholesale Electricity and Capacity Market was launched in Russia. The nodal pricing system is applied to the wholesale market: each node gets an individual price value for a certain hour. For the price analysis and forecast problem, the analyst uses the weighted average of the nodal prices for certain territory such as price zone, united energy system and others. More details about the Wholesale Electricity and Capacity Market of Russia you will find in my latest paper The Three-Headed Dragon: Electricity, Trading, Analysis.

Content

The data files include

1. the weighted average of the nodal day ahead prices for the European and Siberian price zones of the market;
2. the weighted average of the nodal day ahead prices for six United Energy Systems: NorthWest, Centre, Ural, South, Middle Volga and Siberia;
3. the day ahead scheduled volume for the European and Siberian price zones;
4. the weighted average of the nodal intraday prices for three United Energy Systems: NorthWest, Centre and Siberia

Acknowledgements

The present prices and volumes are available openly on the Power Exchange and the System Operator websites as a part of the market transparency policy.

Inspiration

Both the price and electricity consumption forecast problem is highly important on the Wholesale Electricity Market. Thus, the questions:

• What price should we expect tomorrow, next week, next year?
• What electricity consumption should we expect tomorrow, next week, next year?

Electricity Market Transparency

​Transparency has improved markedly in Europe over the past few years, culminating in Regulation (EU) No 5 43/2013 of 14 June 2013 on submission and publication of data in electricity markets. Through this Regulation, it has now become mandatory for European Member State data providers and owners to submit fundamental information related to electricity generation, load, transmission and balancing for publication through the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform.

Transparency is essential for the implementation of the Internal Electricity Market (IEM) and for the creation of efficient, liquid and competitive wholesale markets. It is also critical for creating a level playing field between market participants and avoiding the scope for market power (if it exists) to be abused.This platform enables the provision of the required electricity market information for the future and further facilitates the development of efficient and competitive energy markets across Europe. Such developments support the steady evolution of electricity markets across Europe in terms of integration, competition

LINK

Carbon markets are one of the main measures to mitigate climate change but their effects on electricity prices are still uncertain. We study the causation chain from carbon allowance price through wholesale electricity price to retail residential and industrial prices during the second and third phases of the European Union Emissions Trading System. We use panel unit root and panel cointegration techniques in order to assess the long run effects of carbon prices on wholesale and retail electricity prices. We evaluate the short and long run causal relationships between variables by applying vector error correction models and pairwise Granger non-causality tests. We find that a 1% increase in carbon prices increases wholesale (1.6%), residential (0.9%) and industrial (1.1%) electricity prices. Likewise, a 1% increase in wholesale electricity prices increases retail prices by 0.6-0.7%. The causality analysis indicates bidirectional causal relationships for most of the variables, both short and long run, which suggests potential feedback loops.