Forecast: Measles Vaccination Rates Among Children in Japan 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

IntroductionAddresing vaccine hesitancy is considered an important goal in management of the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to understand what factors influenced people, especially those initially hesitant, to receive two or more vaccine doses within a year of the vaccine’s release.MethodsWe conducted longitudinal Web-based observational studies of 3,870 individuals. The surveys were conducted at four different time points: January 2021, June 2021, September 2021, and December 2021. In the baseline survey (January 2021), we assessed vaccination intention (i.e., “strongly agree” or “agree” [acceptance], “neutral” [not sure], and “disagree” or “strongly disagree” [hesitance]), and assumptions about coronavirus disease (COVID-19), COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19-related health preventive behavior, and COVID-19 vaccine reliability. In subsequent surveys (December 2021), we assessed vaccination completion (i.e., ≥2 vaccinations). To investigate the relationship between predictors of COVID-19 vaccination completion, a multivariable logistic regression model was applied. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated while adjusting for gender, age, marital status, presence of children, household income category, and presence of diseases under treatment. In a stratified analysis, predictors were determined based on vaccination intention.ResultsApproximately 96, 87, and 72% of those who demonstrated acceptance, were not sure, or hesitated had been vaccinated after 1 year, respectively. Overall, significant factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine compliance included the influence of others close to the index participant (social norms) (AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.56–2.08; p < 0.001), vaccine confidence (AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18–1.64; p < 0.001) and structural constraints (no time, inconvenient location of medical institutions, and other related factors) (AOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70–0.91; p = 0.001). In the group of individuals classified as hesitant, significant factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine compliance included social norms (AOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.83–3.22; p < 0.001), confidence (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.10–1.88; p = 0.008), and knowledge (AOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53–0.88; p = 0.003).DiscussionWe found that dissemination of accurate information about vaccines and a reduction in structural barriers to the extent possible enhanced vaccination rates. Once the need for vaccination becomes widespread, it becomes a social norm, and further improvements in these rates can then be anticipated. Our findings may help enhance vaccine uptake in the future.

To prevent widespread epidemics such as influenza or measles, it is crucial to reach a broad acceptance of vaccinations while addressing vaccine hesitancy and refusal. To gain a deeper understanding of Japan’s sharp increase in COVID-19 vaccination coverage, we performed an analysis on the posts of Twitter users to investigate the formation of users’ stances toward COVID-19 vaccines and information-sharing actions through the formation. We constructed a dataset of all Japanese posts mentioning vaccines for five months since the beginning of the vaccination campaign in Japan and carried out a stance detection task for all the users who wrote the posts by training an original deep neural network. Investigating the users’ stance formations using this large dataset, it became clear that some neutral users became pro-vaccine, while almost no neutral users became anti-vaccine in Japan. Our examination of their information-sharing activities during a period prior to and subsequent to their stance formation clarified that users with certain types and specific types of websites were referred to. We hope that our results contribute to the increase in coverage of 2nd and further doses and following vaccinations in the future.

Forecast: Total Influenza Vaccination Rates in Japan 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Japan JP: Immunization: DPT: % of Children Aged 12-23 Months data was reported at 99.000 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 99.000 % for 2016. Japan JP: Immunization: DPT: % of Children Aged 12-23 Months data is updated yearly, averaging 96.000 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.000 % in 2017 and a record low of 70.000 % in 1997. Japan JP: Immunization: DPT: % of Children Aged 12-23 Months data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Health Statistics. Child immunization, DPT, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received DPT vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.; ; WHO and UNICEF (http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/en/).; Weighted average;

To prevent widespread epidemics such as influenza or measles, it is crucial to reach a broad acceptance of vaccinations while addressing vaccine hesitancy and refusal. To gain a deeper understanding of Japan’s sharp increase in COVID-19 vaccination coverage, we performed an analysis on the posts of Twitter users to investigate the formation of users’ stances toward COVID-19 vaccines and information-sharing actions through the formation. We constructed a dataset of all Japanese posts mentioning vaccines for five months since the beginning of the vaccination campaign in Japan and carried out a stance detection task for all the users who wrote the posts by training an original deep neural network. Investigating the users’ stance formations using this large dataset, it became clear that some neutral users became pro-vaccine, while almost no neutral users became anti-vaccine in Japan. Our examination of their information-sharing activities during a period prior to and subsequent to their stance formation clarified that users with certain types and specific types of websites were referred to. We hope that our results contribute to the increase in coverage of 2nd and further doses and following vaccinations in the future.

Japan JP: Immunization: HepB3: % of One-Year-Old Children data was reported at 99.000 % in 2019. Japan JP: Immunization: HepB3: % of One-Year-Old Children data is updated yearly, averaging 99.000 % from Dec 2019 (Median) to 2019, with 1 observations. Japan JP: Immunization: HepB3: % of One-Year-Old Children data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Child immunization rate, hepatitis B is the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received hepatitis B vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized after three doses.; ; WHO and UNICEF (http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/en/).; Weighted average;

Japan JP: Immunization: Measles: % of Children Aged 12-23 Months data was reported at 96.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 96.000 % for 2015. Japan JP: Immunization: Measles: % of Children Aged 12-23 Months data is updated yearly, averaging 94.000 % from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2016, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 98.000 % in 2014 and a record low of 66.000 % in 1982. Japan JP: Immunization: Measles: % of Children Aged 12-23 Months data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Health Statistics. Child immunization, measles, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received the measles vaccination before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.; ; WHO and UNICEF (http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/en/).; Weighted average;

While vaccines are pivotal in combating COVID-19, concerns about side effects and complex procedures have hindered complete vaccination. Prior studies suggest that individuals defaulted to opt-out exhibit higher COVID-19 vaccination rates compared to those in opt-in systems. However, these studies were conducted in countries with a tolerant attitude towards vaccination and default changes, targeting specific age groups, and did not address potential deterrents like the increase in cancellation rates on the day, discomfort towards changing defaults, or the possibility of the opt-out effect being a one-time occurrence. Under the hypothesis that the default nature of the COVID-19 vaccination system influences attitudes towards vaccination even in countries conservative about vaccination and default changes like in Japan, we aimed to examine the differences in the first and second dose vaccination rates, cancellation rates, and the number of complaints between the opt-in and opt-out systems for COVID-19 vaccination. An email survey was conducted in 10 cities in A Prefecture, Japan. The results showed not only higher COVID-19 vaccination rates across all comparable age groups in the opt-out group but also a notably smaller decrease in the second-dose vaccination rate compared to the opt-in group, all achieved without any complaints about the system’s introduction. Consequently, it can be inferred that the potential inhibiting factors were largely overcome. Despite some limitations, such as regional specificity, the study suggests that opt-out systems might increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage without leading to significant cancellations or complaints, presenting a promising strategy to facilitate vaccination efforts.

Forecast: Measles-Containing-Vaccine Second-Dose (MCV2) Immunization Coverage in Japan 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Forecast: Baccille Calmette Guérin Vaccine (BCG) Immunization Coverage in Japan 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Forecast: Polio Vaccine Third Dose (Pol3) Immunization Coverage in Japan 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In Japan, major mumps outbreaks still occur every 4–5 years because of low mumps vaccine coverage (30–40%) owing to the voluntary immunization program. Herein, to prepare for a regular immunization program, we aimed to reveal the nationwide and long-term molecular epidemiological trends of the mumps virus (MuV) in Japan. Additionally, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using next-generation sequencing to assess results from conventional genotyping using MuV sequences of the small-hydrophobic (SH) gene. We analyzed 1,064 SH gene sequences from mumps clinical samples and MuV isolates collected from 25 prefectures from 1986 to 2017. The results showed that six genotypes, namely B (110), F (1), G (900), H (3), J (41), and L (9) were identified, and the dominant genotypes changed every decade in Japan since the 1980s. Genotype G has been exclusively circulating since the early 2000s. Seven clades were identified for genotype G using SH sequence-based classification. To verify the results, we performed WGS on 77 representative isolates of genotype G using NGS and phylogenetically analyzed them. Five clades were identified with high bootstrap values and designated as Japanese clade (JPC)-1, -2, -3, -4, -5. JPC-1 and -3 accounted for over 80% of the total genotype G isolates (68.3 and 13.8%, respectively). Of these, JPC-2 and -5, were newly identified clades in Japan through this study. This is the first report describing the nationwide and long-term molecular epidemiology of MuV in Japan. The results provide information about Japanese domestic genotypes, which is essential for evaluating the mumps elimination progress in Japan after the forthcoming introduction of the mumps vaccine into Japan’s regular immunization program. Furthermore, the study shows that WGS analysis using NGS is more accurate than results obtained from conventional SH sequence-based classification and is a powerful tool for accurate molecular epidemiology studies.

Forecast: Diphtheria Tetanus Toxoid and Pertussis Third Dose (DTP3) Immunization Coverage in Japan 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

To substantiate the beneficial effects of switching from cigarette smoking to heated tobacco products (HTP), this study conducted a time-trend analysis using data from the Japanese Medical Data Center (JMDC) database. Specifically, we assessed hospitalization numbers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and acute ischemic heart disease (IHD) before and after the introduction of HTPs in the Japanese market. This study replicated a previous study using a different Japanese real-world data source (Medical Data Vision). We retrieved the number of hospitalizations associated with the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for COPD and IHD from 2010 to 2019−5 years before to 4 years after introducing HTPs in the Japanese market—from the JMDC database. Then, we used interrupted time-series analyses to test the hypothesis that the introduction of HTPs is associated with a reduction in hospitalizations for COPD (all codes), COPD exacerbation, COPD exacerbation plus lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and IHD, adjusting for age, sex, seasonality, and flu vaccination rates. Analysis of all available data from the JMDC database revealed a significant reduction in the number of hospitalizations for COPD (all codes; P = 0.0001) and IHD using Diagnosis Procedure Combination data on causative disease flags (P < 0.00001). We also observed a non-significant reduction in hospitalizations for COPD plus LRTI as well as IHD after HTP introduction in Japan. This study confirmed the findings of our previous study where a decrease in hospitalizations due to COPD exacerbation after the introduction of HTPs in Japan was also shown. Nevertheless, these findings warrant further research to evaluate the impact of HTPs on the health of populations in other countries where these products have been introduced.

Numbers and proportions of long COVID patients who met the ME/CFS criteria.