About Dataset Context This is an image database containing images that are used for pedestrian detection in the experiments reported in [1]. The images are taken from scenes around different environments.

Content The objects interested in these images are pedestrians. Each image will have at least one pedestrian in it.

The heights of labelled pedestrians in this database fall into [180,390] pixels. All labelled pedestrians are straight up.

The WiderPerson dataset is a pedestrian detection benchmark dataset in the wild, of which images are selected from a wide range of scenarios, no longer limited to the traffic scenario.

Labeled Pedestrian in the Wild (LPW) is a pedestrian detection dataset that contains 2,731 pedestrians in three different scenes where each annotated identity is captured by from 2 to 4 cameras. The LPW features a notable scale of 7,694 tracklets with over 590,000 images as well as the cleanliness of its tracklets. It distinguishes from existing datasets in three aspects: large scale with cleanliness, automatically detected bounding boxes and far more crowded scenes with greater age span. This dataset provides a more realistic and challenging benchmark, which facilitates the further exploration of more powerful algorithms.

PRW is a large-scale dataset for end-to-end pedestrian detection and person recognition in raw video frames. PRW is introduced to evaluate Person Re-identification in the Wild, using videos acquired through six synchronized cameras. It contains 932 identities and 11,816 frames in which pedestrians are annotated with their bounding box positions and identities.

This report documents the coordination between Road Safety Audit (RSA) and participants in the development and implementation of solutions of the refuge complex and the entrance area of Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge for pedestrians and cyclists. An RSA was used to bring stakeholders together, identify safety issues, and collaborate to develop potential solutions.

WiderPerson contains a total of 13,382 images with 399,786 annotations, i.e., 29.87 annotations per image, which means this dataset contains dense pedestrians with various kinds of occlusions. Hence, pedestrians in the proposed dataset are extremely challenging due to large variations in the scenario and occlusion, which is suitable to evaluate pedestrian detectors in the wild.

This project empirically measures the effects of human activity on the behaviour, heart rate and egg-shell surface temperature of Royal penguins on Macquarie Island, as part of ASAC project 1148. This was achieved by collecting behavioural and physiological responses of individual penguins exposed to pedestrian approaches across the breeding stages of incubation, guard, creche and moult. Both single person and group approaches were also investigated. Information produced includes minimum approach guidelines.

As of April 2003 all data are stored on Hi-8 digital tape, due to be transformed during 2003 - 2004 into a timecoded tab-delimited text format for analysis using the Observer (Noldus Information Technology 2002).

Some notes about some of the fields in this dataset:

Temp file refers to whether or not egg shell surface temperature was also recorded for the sample, with the code below refering to the file name.

Neighbour refers to the behavioural control file for each sample (neighbouring nests did not recieve an artificial egg, and provide a behavioural control for responses to human approaches without the scientific treatment).

Nest refers to the randomly used nest markers for each sample.

Heart rate refers to whether heart rate was concurrently recorded with behaviour on the sample (both stored on Hi-8 tape).

Stimulus refers to whether single persons or groups of persons (5 -7, recorded within each sample) were used for the human approaches.

Environment refers to whether approaches were conducted from colony sections abuting pebbly beach or from poa tussock environs (tussock approaches less than 50 m of the poa / pebbly beach junction).

The code system for nest simply refers to the numbered tag placed at the nest (using three colours, g=green, w=white, b=brown) which were used randomly.

The fields in this dataset are:

Sample Date Breeding Phase Stimulus Type Environment Colony Nest Tape Heart Rate Temp File Neighbour

The Water Department manages several "people counter" sensors at Fresh Pond Reservation (FPR). The sensors count visitors on the Perimeter Road, the main trail at FPR that circles Fresh Pond. Counters are also located at popular entrances to FPR. Some of the counters record both cyclists and pedestrians. However, most do not differentiate between user types.

The sensors report user counts in 15-minute intervals. This dataset contains hourly aggregations of the 15-minute data. All counts include people moving in both directions past the sensors. The sensors are made by the company Eco-Counter.

The Water Department’s Watershed Division manages Fresh Pond Reservation (FPR). Our primary goals are to preserve drinking water quality, recreational open spaces, natural green spaces, wildlife habitat, and provide a refuge from hectic urban life.

IntroductionThe increase of urban areas and their infrastructure network is homogenizing the landscape and threatening biodiversity and ecosystems functions and services. Wildflower meadows have a high biodiversity value and can prosper in degraded areas dominated by nitrophilous species, making them suitable to be used in peri-urban and urban areas to promote local flora, create habitat for pollinators and other small fauna, and increase overall biodiversity. Moreover, the application of wildflowers seed mixes suitable for rehabilitating anthropized environments should be restricted to native species of regional origin, and the results properly monitored. However, thorough monitoring of seed mixes evolution is uncommon. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a seed mix of wild native species developed to promote grassland diversity in Mediterranean peri-urban areas.MethodsThe study was divided into two sequential phases. Firstly, a preparatory phase consisted in developing two seed mixes and sowing them (autumn 2016) in ex-situ plots (three plots of 5 × 2 m2 per mix) at an experimental field to choose the one with the best performance. The second phase consisted of the in-situ application (autumn 2018) of the chosen seed mix by sowing 14 plots (10 × 2 m2) in pocket parks distributed along pedestrian trails of South Portugal. All plots were monitored through floristic surveys for two springs (ex-situ trials: 2017 and 2018; in-situ trials: 2019 and 2020).ResultsAll sowed species germinated in the in-situ plots over the first 2  years. The seed mix application positively contributed to the floristic community, generating a significant increase in the total species richness, diversity, evenness, and vegetation cover. The seed mix establishment did not require watering nor soil fertilizing and the mowing frequency was low (once in late spring), contributing to sustainable and low-cost management of these green areas.DiscussionThe tested seed mix promoted native flora diversity rapidly and seems suitable for use in peri-urban context under identical climate conditions. Given the small number of native seed mixes tested in the Mediterranean, this study represents a contribution toward improved management standards of native flora diversity in Mediterranean green urban and peri-urban areas.

This map contains information about closures and detours for the Boise Greenbelt urban trail system. The 25-mile Boise River Greenbelt is one of Boise's most beloved parks. The tree-lined pathway follows the river through the heart of the city and provides scenic views, wildlife habitat and pedestrian access to many of the city's popular riverside parks. The Greenbelt also serves as an alternative transportation route for commuters.For more information, please visit City of Boise Parks and Recreation.

We tested the behavioral responses of breeding Sternula antillarum(Least Terns) to pedestrians and off-road vehicles and show that disturbance source, intra-colony characteristics, and environmental factors all influenced the distance, at which the birds were disturbed, as well as the duration of their response. Our goal was to inform wildlife buffer distances used to protect breeding S. antillarum at Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina and beyond. We measured breeding S. antillarum behavioral responses to pedestrians and vehicles during routine activities at eight colonies and during experimental activities at three colonies. Pedestrians caused the highest flush probability when walking directly towards a nest (Cox proportional hazard models: cumulative risk = 1 at both 100 m and 50 m) and lowest when walking past a nest (cumulative risk = 0.14 at 100 m and cumulative risk = 0.54 at 50 m). Passing vehicles had the lowest probability of causing birds to flush, cumulative ris...

Thermal Imaging Systems Market Outlook

The global thermal imaging systems market size was valued at approximately $5.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach $12.4 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.1% during the forecast period. The growth of the thermal imaging systems market is primarily driven by the increasing demand for advanced surveillance and security systems, heightened by global geopolitical tensions and the need for enhanced public safety measures. This, coupled with technological advancements and the expanding application of thermal imaging in various industries, underscores the significant potential for market expansion in the coming years.

One of the primary growth drivers for the thermal imaging systems market is the expanding application of these systems in surveillance and security. With the rise in geopolitical tensions and increasing incidents of terrorism and cross-border conflicts, governments and defense organizations around the globe are heavily investing in advanced surveillance technologies to ensure national security. Thermal imaging systems, with their ability to detect heat signatures and work effectively in low visibility conditions, are being increasingly adopted for border security, military operations, and critical infrastructure protection. This surge in demand from military and defense sectors is expected to significantly bolster market growth over the forecast period.

Another substantial growth factor is the burgeoning application of thermal imaging systems in the industrial sector for monitoring and inspection purposes. Industries such as oil and gas, manufacturing, and power generation are increasingly employing thermal imaging technologies for preventive maintenance and fault detection. The ability of thermal cameras to accurately detect temperature variations and identify potential faults before they lead to equipment failures is proving invaluable in minimizing downtime and enhancing operational efficiency. The growing awareness of the cost benefits associated with predictive maintenance is anticipated to further fuel the adoption of thermal imaging systems across industrial applications.

Moreover, the automotive and healthcare industries are witnessing a rising integration of thermal imaging technologies. In the automotive sector, thermal imaging is being used for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), enabling night vision and pedestrian detection features. In healthcare, thermal imaging is gaining traction for its non-invasive diagnostic capabilities, aiding in conditions such as vascular diseases and fever detection. These emerging applications represent significant growth opportunities, further expanding the market's reach beyond traditional domains. The increasing research and development activities aimed at enhancing the resolution and accuracy of thermal imaging systems are also expected to drive market growth.

Thermal Imaging has become an indispensable tool in various sectors due to its ability to visualize heat patterns and detect temperature differences. This technology is particularly advantageous in scenarios where traditional imaging fails, such as in complete darkness or through smoke and fog. The versatility of thermal imaging extends beyond security and surveillance; it is increasingly being utilized in fields like firefighting, where it aids in locating hotspots and trapped individuals, and in wildlife conservation, where it allows for non-intrusive monitoring of animal behavior. As industries continue to recognize the unique benefits of thermal imaging, its integration into new applications is expected to accelerate, driving further innovation and market growth.

On the regional front, North America currently leads the thermal imaging systems market due to substantial investments in defense and industrial sectors. However, the Asia Pacific region is poised to exhibit the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by rapid industrialization and increasing defense expenditure in countries such as China and India. The rising demand for thermal imaging solutions in the region's commercial and automotive sectors is also contributing to this growth trajectory. Europe, with its focus on technological advancements and stringent safety regulations, continues to be a key market, while Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing gradual adoption, spurred by developments in their industrial and energy sectors.

Component Analysis

Automotive Night Vision Systems (NVS) Market Outlook

The global market size for Automotive Night Vision Systems (NVS) was valued at approximately USD 3.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 7.5 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 9.8% during the forecast period. This remarkable growth is driven by multiple factors, including advancements in automotive technology, increasing demand for enhanced safety features, and rising consumer awareness about road safety during night-time driving.

One of the primary growth factors for the Automotive Night Vision Systems market is the increasing focus on vehicular and pedestrian safety. Night vision systems provide enhanced visibility in low-light conditions, helping drivers detect obstacles, pedestrians, and other vehicles, thus reducing the risks of accidents and collisions. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide are emphasizing the implementation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), of which night vision systems are a critical component. This regulatory push, combined with consumers' growing preference for safety features, is significantly propelling market growth.

The rapid technological advancements in the automotive sector are also contributing to the expansion of the NVS market. Innovations such as improved infrared sensors, high-resolution cameras, and sophisticated image processing algorithms are making night vision systems more effective and affordable. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) further enhances the functionality of these systems, enabling features like real-time object detection and classification, which are crucial for autonomous and semi-autonomous driving vehicles. As technology continues to evolve, it is expected to further drive the adoption of NVS in both premium and mass-market vehicles.

Additionally, the increasing disposable income and changing lifestyle of consumers are boosting the demand for luxury vehicles equipped with advanced safety features, including night vision systems. The automotive industry is witnessing a rising trend of consumers preferring vehicles that offer a blend of comfort, performance, and safety. Luxury car manufacturers are incorporating NVS as a standard or optional feature in their latest models, thus widening the market scope. Moreover, the aftermarket sales of night vision systems are also gaining traction among consumers looking to upgrade their existing vehicles with advanced safety technologies.

The Laser Night Vision System is an emerging technology that is gaining traction in the automotive industry. This system utilizes laser-based illumination to enhance visibility in low-light conditions, offering a significant advantage over traditional night vision systems. By emitting laser beams that are invisible to the human eye, the Laser Night Vision System can illuminate the road ahead without causing glare or distraction to other drivers. This technology is particularly beneficial for detecting objects and obstacles at greater distances, providing drivers with more time to react and make informed decisions. As the demand for advanced safety features continues to rise, the integration of Laser Night Vision Systems in vehicles is expected to become more prevalent, offering enhanced safety and comfort for nighttime driving.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe are currently leading the market for automotive night vision systems, driven by stringent safety regulations, higher adoption rates of advanced automotive technologies, and a robust automotive industry. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to factors such as increasing vehicle production, rising disposable incomes, and growing awareness about road safety. Countries like China, Japan, and India are anticipated to be major contributors to the regional market growth.

Technology Analysis

The Automotive Night Vision Systems market is segmented by technology into Far Infrared (FIR) and Near Infrared (NIR). Far Infrared technology leverages thermal imaging to detect the heat signatures of objects, pedestrians, and animals, providing a clear image even in complete darkness. This technology is highly effective in detecting living beings, as they emit heat, making FIR systems particularly useful in rural or wildlife-prone areas. The growing emphasis on enhancing road safety and preventing nighttime accidents is driving the adoption of FIR technology in high-end

Spatial layers include Shoreline Noise Monitoring, Plan Area Noise Monitoring, Transportation Noise Monitoring, Inspection Station, Water Clarity Monitoring Location, Air Quality Station, Bike and Pedestrian Counter Location, Crashes, Traffic Volumes, Winter Traffic Volume Count Location, Travel Time Segments, Tahoe Transit Routes (Consolidated), Congestion, Scenic Corridor, Scenic Viewpoint, All Periphyton Monitoring Sites, Routine Periphyton Monitoring Sites, Fish Habitat - Lake Tahoe, Fish Habitat - Streams, SEZ Assessment Unit, Stream Habitat CSCI, Clarity Tracker Project, LTIMP Monitoring Sites, Tahoe Yellowcress, Aquatic Vegetation Survey Zone, Sub Surface Aquatic Vegetation, Deer Fawning HabitatTables include Air Quality Daily Monitoring, Air Quality Yearly Average, Plan Area Noise Average, Shoreline Noise Average Exceedances Per Day, Scenic Viewpoint Ratings, Scenic Corridor Ratings, Periphyton Routine Site Values, Congestion, Secchi Depth Yearly Summary, Secchi Depth All Values, Bike and Pedestrian Counts, Travel Times, Winter Traffic Volume, Wildlife, Water Quality_AIS_Plants, Waterfowl, Watercraft Inspections, Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vegetation Type Summary, Vegetation Fuel Treatment, Vegetation EcObject 2010, VEC Historical, Total Phosphorous Concentration, Total Phosphorous Concentration Daily Stats, Total Nitrogen Concentration, Total Nitrogen Concentration Daily Stats, Tahoe Yellowcress Occupied Sites by Year, Suspended Sediment Concentration, Suspended Sediment Concentration Daily Stats, Stream CSCI Score Average, Stream CSCI Condition Class, Soil Conservation Impervious Overlay Analysis Change, Soil Conservation Impervious Overlay Analysis 2019, Soil Conservation Impervious Overlay Analysis 2010 Original, Soil Conservation Impervious Overlay Analysis 2010, SEZ Restoration, SEZ Enhanced Restored, Primary Productivity, NOX Emissions, Mid Lake Dissolved Nitrogen, Load Reduction Phosphorous, Load Reduction Nitrogen, Load Reduction Fine Sediment, Existing Development Rights by Land Capability, Cumulative Accounting Unit Summary, Cumulative Accounting Trips, Cumulative Accounting TAU by Area, Cumulative Accounting TAU, Cumulative Accounting Sewer Capacity, Cumulative Accounting Residential Unit Summary, Cumulative Accounting Rental Car Mitigation Fee, Cumulative Accounting Recreation PAOT, Cumulative Accounting Project Mitigation, Cumulative Accounting PAOT Allocations, Cumulative Accounting New Coverage by Evaluation Period, Cumulative Accounting Code Compliance, Cumulative Accounting CFA by Year, Cumulative Accounting CFA by Area, Cumulative Accounting CFA Allocations, Cumulative Accounting CFA Accounting, Cumulative Accounting Capital Expenditures, Cumulative Accounting Banked Development, Cumulative Accounting Applications, Cumulative Accounting AllocationsSpatial Reference: NAD83 / UTM zone 10N (26910)Area Covered: Tahoe Basin, Nevada, California