People in Great Britain's experiences of and actions following increases in their costs of living, and how these differed by a range of personal characteristics.

Abstract

The potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia are expected to be severe on Ethiopian households' welfare. To monitor these impacts on households, the team selected a subsample of households that had been interviewed for the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) in 2019, covering urban and rural areas in all regions of Ethiopia. The 15-minute questionnaire covers a series of topics, such as knowledge of COVID and mitigation measures, access to routine healthcare as public health systems are increasingly under stress, access to educational activities during school closures, employment dynamics, household income and livelihood, income loss and coping strategies, and external assistance.

The survey is implemented using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, using a modular approach, which allows for modules to be dropped and/or added in different waves of the survey. Survey data collection started at the end of April 2020 and households are called back every three to four weeks for a total of seven survey rounds to track the impact of the pandemic as it unfolds and inform government action. This provides data to the government and development partners in near real-time, supporting an evidence-based response to the crisis.

The sample of households was drawn from the sample of households interviewed in the 2018/2019 round of the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey (ESS). The extensive information collected in the ESS, less than one year prior to the pandemic, provides a rich set of background information on the COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of households which can be leveraged to assess the differential impacts of the pandemic in the country.

Geographic coverage

National coverage - rural and urban

Analysis unit

Individual and household

Universe

The survey covered all de jure households excluding prisons, hospitals, military barracks, and school dormitories.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample of the HFPS-HH is a subsample of the 2018/19 Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey (ESS). The ESS is built on a nationally and regionally representative sample of households in Ethiopia. ESS 2018/19 interviewed 6,770 households in urban and rural areas. In the ESS interview, households were asked to provide phone numbers either their own or that of a reference household (i.e. friends or neighbors) so that they can be contacted in the follow-up ESS surveys should they move from their sampled location. At least one valid phone number was obtained for 5,374 households (4,626 owning a phone and 995 with a reference phone number). These households established the sampling frame for the HFPS-HH.

To obtain representative strata at the national, urban, and rural level, the target sample size for the HFPS-HH is 3,300 households; 1,300 in rural and 2,000 households in urban areas. In rural areas, we attempt to call all phone numbers included in the ESS as only 1,413 households owned phones and another 771 households provided reference phone numbers. In urban areas, 3,213 households owned a phone and 224 households provided reference phone numbers. To account for non-response and attrition all the 5,374 households were called in round 1 of the HFPS-HH.

The total number of completed interviews in round one is 3,249 households (978 in rural areas, 2,271 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round two is 3,107 households (940 in rural areas, 2,167 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round three is 3,058 households (934 in rural areas, 2,124 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round four is 2,878 households (838 in rural areas, 2,040 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round five is 2,770 households (775 in rural areas, 1,995 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round six is 2,704 households (760 in rural areas, 1,944 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round seven is 2,537 households (716 in rural areas, 1,1821 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round eight is 2,222 households (576 in rural areas, 1,646 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round nine is 2,077 households (553 in rural areas, 1,524 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round ten is 2,178 households (537 in rural areas, 1,641 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round eleven is 1,982 households (442 in rural areas, 1,540 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round twelve is 888 households (204 in rural areas, 684 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round thirteen is 2,876 households (955 in rural areas, 1,921 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round fourteen is 2,509 households (765 in rural areas, 1,744 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round fifteen is 2,521 households (823 in rural areas, 1,698 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round sixteen is 2,336 households. The total number of completed interviews in round seventeen is 2,357 households. The total number of completed interviews in round eighteen is 2,237 households (701 in rural areas, 1,536 in urban areas). The total number of completed interviews in round nineteen is 2,566 households (806 in rural areas, 1,760 in urban areas).

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaires were administered to all the households in the sample. The questionnaires consisted of the following sections:

Baseline (Round 1) - Household Identification - Interview Information - Household Roster - Knowledge Regarding the Spread of Coronavirus - Behavior and Social Distancing - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss and Coping - Food Security - Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets

Round 2 - Household Identification - Household Roster - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss and Coping - Food Security - Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets

Round 3 - Household Identification - Household Roster - Behavior and social distancing - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss and Coping - Food Security - Agriculture - Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets

Round 4 - Household Identification - Household Roster - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss and Coping - Food Security - Agriculture - Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets - Locusts - WASH

Round 5 - Household Identification - Household Roster - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss and Coping - Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets - Agriculture - Livestock

Round 6 - Household Identification - Household Roster - Behavior and Social Distancing - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss and Coping - Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets - Agriculture - Locusts

Round 7 - Household Identification - Household Roster - Behavior and Social Distancing - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss and Coping - Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets - Agriculture - Locusts

Round 8 - Household Identification - Household Roster - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Education and Childcaring - Credit - Migration - Return Migration

Round 9 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets - Agriculture - WASH

Round 10 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Basic Services - Employment

Round 11 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Education and Childcaring - Food Insecurity Experience Scale - SWIFT

Round 12 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Youth Aspirations and Employment

Round 13 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Health Services - Employment - Food Prices

Round 14 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Health Services - COVID-19 Vaccine - Employment - Economic Sentiments - Food Prices - Agriculture

Round 15 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Health Services - Economic Sentiments - Food Insecurity Experience Scale - Food Prices

Round 16 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Health Services - Employment and Non-farm Enterprises - Food and Non-food prices - Shocks and Coping Strategies - Subjective Welfare

Round 17 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Health Services for Individual Household Members (Sample A) - Access to Health Services for Households (Sample B) - Food and Non-food prices - Economic Sentiments
- Food Insecurity Experience Scale

Round 18 - Household Identification - Household Roster Update - Access to Health Services for Individual Household Members - Food and Non-food prices - Economic Sentiments (Sample B) - Food Insecurity Experience Scale (Sample A)

Round 19 - Household Identification - Household's Residential Location Verification - Household Roster Update - Food and Non-food Prices - Agriculture Crop - Agriculture Livestock

Cleaning operations

DATA CLEANING At the end of data collection, the raw dataset was cleaned by the Research team. This included formatting, and correcting results based on monitoring issues, enumerator feedback and survey changes. The details are as follows.

Variable naming and labeling: • Variable names were changed to reflect the lowercase question name in the paper survey copy, and a word or two related to the question.

• Variables were labeled