After two years of growth, the Costa Rican wind powered generator market decreased by -7.6% to $397K in 2024. Over the period under review, consumption showed a precipitous slump. Wind powered generator consumption peaked at $102M in 2018; however, from 2019 to 2024, consumption remained at a lower figure.

The Yukon Coast in Canada is an ice-rich permafrost coast and highly sensitive to changing environmental conditions. Retrogressive thaw slumps are a common thermoerosion feature along this coast, and develop through the thawing of exposed ice-rich permafrost on slopes and removal of accumulating debris. They contribute large amounts of sediment, including organic carbon and nitrogen, to the nearshore zone. The objective of this study was to 1) identify the climatic and geomorphological drivers of sediment-meltwater release, 2) quantify the amount of released meltwater, sediment, organic carbon and nitrogen, and 3) project the evolution of sediment-meltwater release of retrogressive thaw slumps in a changing future climate. The analysis is based on data collected over 18 days in July 2013 and 18 days in August 2012. A cut-throat flume was set up in the main sediment-meltwater channel of the largest retrogressive thaw slump on Herschel Island. In addition, two weather stations, one on top of the undisturbed tundra and one on the slump floor, measured incoming solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and precipitation. The discharge volume eroding from the ice-rich permafrost and retreating snowbanks was measured and compared to the meteorological data collected in real time with a resolution of one minute. The results show that the release of sediment-meltwater from thawing of the ice-rich permafrost headwall is strongly related to snowmelt, incoming solar radiation and air temperature. Snowmelt led to seasonal differences, especially due to the additional contribution of water to the eroding sediment-meltwater from headwall ablation, lead to dilution of the sediment-meltwater composition. Incoming solar radiation and air temperature were the main drivers for diurnal and inter-diurnal fluctuations. In July (2013), the retrogressive thaw slump released about 25 000 m³ of sediment-meltwater, containing 225 kg dissolved organic carbon and 2050 t of sediment, which in turn included 33 t organic carbon, and 4 t total nitrogen. In August (2012), just 15 600 m³ of sediment-meltwater was released, since there was no additional contribution from snowmelt. However, even without the additional dilution, 281 kg dissolved organic carbon was released. The sediment concentration was twice as high as in July, with sediment contents of up to 457 g l-1 and 3058 t of sediment, including 53 t organic carbon and 5 t nitrogen, being released. In addition, the data from the 36 days of observations from Slump D were upscaled to cover the main summer season of 1 July to 31 August (62 days) and to include all 229 active retrogressive thaw slumps along the Yukon Coast. In total, all retrogressive thaw slumps along the Yukon Coast contribute a minimum of 1.4 Mio. m³ sediment-meltwater each thawing season, containing a minimum of 172 000 t sediment with 3119 t organic carbon, 327 t nitrogen and 17 t dissolved organic carbon. Therefore, in addition to the coastal erosion input to the Beaufort Sea, retrogressive thaw slumps additionally release 3 % of sediment and 8 % of organic carbon into the ocean. Finally, the future evolution of retrogressive thaw slumps under a warming scenario with summer air temperatures increasing by 2-3 °C by 2081-2100, would lead to an increase of 109-114% in release of sediment-meltwater. It can be concluded that retrogressive thaw slumps are sensitive to climatic conditions and under projected future Arctic warming will contribute larger amounts of thawed permafrost material (including organic carbon and nitrogen) into the environment.

The tables show data for grain size, weather (discharge) and a sample list for different retrogressive thaw slumps on Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada.

The Libyan wind powered generator market declined slightly to $22K in 2024, stabilizing at the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers' margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Overall, consumption faced a deep slump. As a result, consumption attained the peak level of $441K. From 2014 to 2024, the growth of the market remained at a somewhat lower figure.

The industry relies on public sector investment towards maintaining and expanding electricity and telecommunications infrastructure. The essential nature of this infrastructure ensures a consistent stream of work repair and maintenance work. At the same time, the government has pumped significant funds into the energy value chain in pursuit of decarbonisation objectives, boosting opportunities in the renewable energy generation market. Over the five years through 2024-25, revenue is slated to fall at a compound annual rate of 2.2% to £7 billion. Contractors have capitalised on significant expansion of the UK's renewable generating capacity in recent years, with contractors required to build renewable assets and connect them to the transmission network. The UK’s ongoing 5G roll-out has supported construction opportunities among telecommunications providers. In 2020-21, the pandemic spurred a slump in revenue as lockdowns and COVID-19 restrictions temporarily suspended several non-critical workstreams, reducing output and leading to sub-par productivity. Activity quickly rebounded, aided by the resumption of works delayed by the pandemic and a renewed uptick in renewables funding. This was followed by renewed dip in revenue in 2022-23 owing to a lull in investment and reduced project completions at the start of the RIIO-T2 spend period. Investment in electricity networks has since ramped up, underpinned by more than £30 billion investment committed as part of the RIIO-2 regulation period between 2021 and 2026. Revenue is set to grow by 2.1% in the current year. Revenue is set to climb at a compound annual rate of 5.1% to reach £8.9 billion over the five years through 2029-30. Government commitments to boost the UK's energy independence and achieve decarbonisation targets will add increased impetus to investment in power stations and renewable energy in the coming years. The government has also committed to an accelerated offshore wind and nuclear capacity expansion, with huge amounts of investment required if the UK is to hit lofty targets. Demand for telecommunications construction should pick up as the UK's 5G roll-out continues to gather pace.

An uptick in infrastructure investment has allowed electric power transmitters to raise rates, increasing revenue and profit. Since the need for electricity is inelastic, economic shifts typically do not impact transmission companies considerably. While commercial and industrial businesses were affected during lockdowns, residential consumers used more electricity because of stay-at-home orders, cushioning the blow from the slump in other sectors. As the economy reopened, revenue swelled, stemming from a combination of higher electricity prices and an expanding customer base. An uptick in government funding has also led to companies building more infrastructure and implementing smart grid technology into existing towers, optimizing performance. Nonetheless, according to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, during the 2020s, the U.S. constructed only 20% as many new transmission lines as it did in the first half of the 2010s. Overall, industry revenue is set to expand at a CAGR of 2.3% to $536.2 billion in 2025, including a 1.7% uptick in 2025 alone. The shift to renewable energy has dramatically benefited transmission companies, as power transmission is more necessary than ever. Government incentives have persuaded consumers and businesses to make the switch, as it is economical and environmentally friendly. Tax incentives and the push towards sustainability have seen renewable energy account for a third of energy transmitted across the country, overtaking natural gas for the number one spot. Renewable energy transmission is set to swell up through 2030 as new laws and incentives support environmentally friendly initiatives. Recently passed laws like the Inflation Reduction Act and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act provide tax credits and clean energy funding. More investment in smart grid technology and infrastructure is set to accelerate renewable energy transmission. Some aspects of renewable energy face potential setbacks, as President Trump's recent executive orders and memo have halted new wind project leases and restricted funding for building electric vehicle charging stations, thereby diminishing the outlook for new power lines. Despite these challenges, revenue is set to climb at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.0%, reaching $563.5 billion by 2030.