This dataset includes over 49,000 well records from the state well drillers databases in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Each state well has at a minimum the well depth and a static water level. Static water levels were mostly determined when the well was constructed. Data included in this shapefile include the well construction date, well depth, well elevation (if determined), type of well, the methods used for determining the well location and elevation (if determined), casing and screen depths (where reported), the static water level and a date, and the year the well was constructed. The field names from each of the state databases were harmonized to merge the data, and a table of the original field names is included. Tabular files are included with codes describing the original field names mapped to the combined field names, and descriptions of codes used to describe the well location method, well depth method, and well type for each state. The USGS wells in this dataset were pulled from the National Water Information System (NWIS) and have at least one water level measurement. Additional data for the NWIS wells can be retrieved from the USGS National Water Dashboard https://res1dashboardd-o-twaterdatad-o-tusgsd-o-tgov.vcapture.xyz/app/nwd/en/?region=lower48&aoi=default.

Feature layer displaying sample results from Wisconsin DNR’s Private Well PFAS Study Sample results from Wisconsin DNR’s Private Well PFAS Study: “Prevalence and Source Tracing of PFAS in Shallow Groundwater Used for Drinking Water in Wisconsin”, Environmental Science & Technology. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other water quality parameter results from samples collected from 450 homes with shallow private wells throughout Wisconsin. The samples were analyzed for 44 PFAS, major ions, metals, total organic carbon, and indicators of human waste as well as agricultural influence. More information about the study can be found at https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/Groundwater/PFASStudy.html. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Silver, M., W. Phelps, K. Masarik, K. Burke, C. Zhang, A. Schwartz, M. Wang, A.L. Nitka, J. Schutz, T. Trainor, J. Washington, and B. Rheineck. Prevalence and Source Tracing of PFAS in Shallow Groundwater Used for Drinking Water in Wisconsin, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 57(45): 17415–17426, (2023).

Well inventory (external version). Includes wells from the Drinking Water System (DWS), Water Use, Well Construction, GEMS and SWAMP. In this external version, municipal and other-than-municipal (OTM) are displayed as a section centroid, due to Homeland Security requirements. This table is rebuilt on a weekly basis.

This data release contains groundwater-quality data and well information for the glacial aquifer system in the northern USA. Water-quality data and well information were derived from a dataset compiled from three sources: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS; USGS, 1998, 2002), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS; USEPA, 2013), and numerous agencies and organizations at the state, regional, and local level. The data compilation of the National Water Quality Program’s groundwater assessment team is an internal dataset informally referred to as the National Groundwater Aggregation (NGA). The current study of groundwater quality in the glaciated U.S. (Erickson and others, 2019) considers only parameters with benchmarks from wells in the national groundwater aggregation—data from springs were not used. Data were screened for sample dates of 2005 or later, and the most recent sample at each ...

This dataset contains the daily groundwater level observations and other monitoring well attributes in Wisconsin. It covers 964 groundwater level monitoring wells and has 400,812 observations. The time span of this dataset is between February 2nd, 1929 and December 31st, 2015. The data sources include United States Geological Survey (USGS), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), University of Wisconsin Extension, counties in Central Sands area, and North Temperate Lakes - Long-Term Ecological Research (NTL-LTER). The data compilation consists of three major steps. First, the data were retrieved from different data sources. Then the data from different sources were pooled together. No well was monitored by more than one entity so none of the wells’ records were merged. Third, two rounds of quality assurance and quality control (QAQC) were conducted. Wells in confined aquifers were not included in this dataset. The values of the USGS and Central Sands data are the depth to the water whereas LTER values are mean sea level elevations of the groundwater levels. These data could not be directly compared with each other. This data compilation was funded by the Wisconsin Groundwater Joint Solicitation.

A histrogram-based boosted regression tree (HBRT) method was used to predict the depth to the surficial aquifer water table (in feet) throughout the State of Wisconsin. This method used a combination of discrete groundwater levels from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, continuous groundwater levels from the National Groundwater Monitoring Network, the State of Wisconsin well-construction database, and NHDPlus version 2.1-derived points. The predicted water table depth utilized the HBRT model available through Scikit-learn in Python version 3.10.10. The HBRT model can predict the surficial water table depth for any latitude and longitude for Wisconsin. A total of 48 predictor variables were used for model development, including basic well characteristics, soil properties, aquifer properties, hydrologic position on the landscape, recharge and evapotranspiration rates, and bedrock characteristics. Model results indicate that the mean surficial water table depth across Wisconsin is 28.3 feet below land surface, with a root mean square error of 7.40 feet for the holdout data to the HBRT model. Aside from the overall HBRT methods contained as part of the Python script, this data release includes a self-contained model directory for recreating the HBRT model published in this data release. The model directory also includes a model object for the HBRT model used to predict the surficial aquifer water table depth (in feet) for the State of Wisconsin. Three separate directories are available within this data release that define the input predictor variables, water levels, and NHD points for the HBRT model. The 'bedrock-overlay' sub-directory contains geospatial data that define the special selection zones used in the depth-to-water well selection (DTW_well_selection_zones.docx). The 'water-levels' sub-directory contains input files for the NHDPlus version 2.1 points, the State of Wisconsin well construction spreadsheets, and water level summary files. The 'python-attributes' sub-directory contains predictor variable rasters and vector data that predict the surficial water table depth for Wisconsin and a Jupyter Notebook used for the attribution and input files for well and NHD points.

Private wells (n = 138) were sampled by large- and small-volume sampling methods in Grant, Iowa, and Lafayette Counties, Wisconsin, USA in 2019 and 2020. Well water samples were analyzed for microorganisms by quantitative polymerase chain reaction at the Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (LIDE). Gene targets for viruses, bacteria, and protozoa were analyzed, including pathogens and microbial source tracking markers. Data were collected to characterize microbial contamination of private well water to better understand water quality and potential causes of contamination. Collaborators include U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey; and Grant, Iowa, and Lafayette Counties, Wisconsin.

Financial overview and grant giving statistics of Wisconsin Water Well Association Inc

38 groundwater wells' water level data in Central Sands area, Wisconsin.

The Central Sands is an area of the state with a high density of high-capacity wells for irrigation. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), UW Extension, and the counties began monitoring shallow groundwater wells near lakes in 2013. The five counties include: Portage, Waupaca, Adams, Waushara, and Marquette. Volunteers were enlisted to monitor lake levels on 38 lakes in the region. Instead of using staff gauges, the team opted to install shallow groundwater wells near the lake shore. This eliminated the need to reinstall and survey staff gauges each season. It was assumed that shallow groundwater wells would be a good approximation of lake levels because the soils are made up of porous, sand material. On a subset of lakes, WDNR collected water level data from the shallow groundwater wells and from staff gauges at the same time. One season of monitoring showed that changes in water levels over time are similar, but the actual elevation of water in the well might be different than the surface of the lake. This data set can be downloaded from WDNR's SWIMS database: https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/surfacewater/swims/

We deployed a sampler to characterize water quality from a household well tapping a shallow fractured dolomite aquifer in northeast Wisconsin. The sampler was deployed from January to May 2017, and monitored temperature, nitrate, chloride, specific conductance, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter on a minute time step; water was directed to sequential microbial filters during three recharge periods that ranged from 5 to 20 days. Results from the automated sampler demonstrate the dynamic nature of the household water quality, especially with regard to microbial targets, which were shown to vary 1 to 2 orders of magnitude during a single sampling event. We believe assessments of pathogen occurrence and concentration, and related assessments of drinking well vulnerability, would be improved by the time-integrated characterization provided by this sampler. This data release provides the data collected during this study and use for analyses described by Owens et al., 2018.

This dataset describes groundwater quality monitoring wells in the vicinity of the Badger Army Ammunition Plant in Sauk County, Wisconsin, and information associated with each unique well. This includes the values used for mapping plume boundaries, concentration trends for contaminants in each individual well, and monitoring optimization results from the Monitoring and Redediation Optimization System (MAROS) analysis.

Water Well Locations dataset current as of 2007. Privately-Owned Water Wells within City of Ashland, WI.

The ground-water resources of Dodge County were evaluated to aid planners in meeting the needs resulting from growth in population and industry. The sand-and-gravel, Silurian dolomite, Galena-Platteville, and sandstone aquifers are the principal sources of ground water. Probable well yields from the sand- and-gravel aquifer and the Galena-Platteville aquifer range from 100 to 500 gallons per minute. Probable well yields for the Silurian dolomite, which depend in part on the degree of fracturing, are about 100 gallons per minute. Probable well yields from the sandstone aquifer range from less than 100 to more than 1,000 gallons per minute.

Calcium and bicarbonate are the principal ions in ground water in Dodge County. The water is very hard, and the concentration of iron commonly exceeds the recommended limit for drinking water and the desirable concentration for water used for high-pressure boiler feed, some food processing, and leather finishing industries. The ground water generally is of suitable chemical quality for domestic, agricultural, and most industrial purposes.

In 1979, an average of about 13 million gallons of ground water was pumped daily for residential, industrial, commercial, irrigation, stock watering, and other purposes.

The Lithologic Logs dataset includes state well records, and the well logs were standardized so that the lithologic information used a consistent terminology by Bayless and others (2017). The dataset contains 1,565,051 records, of which 746,568 are for wells that are used for withdrawing water.

This data release contains files for three scenarios of an analytic element (GFLOW) groundwater flow model with particle-tracking that were developed in cooperation with the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa and Indian Health Service to map the probablistic plume extent for a proposed waste-water infiltration lagoon, along with maps to delineate the area contributing recharge to supply wells under 2010 and 2035 pumping conditions. Monte Carlo methods were used to run each scenario thousands of times using a range of parameters developed through prior work (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145020). Results illustrate that most of the infiltrated waste water would be expected to flow south, ultimately discharging to Moss and Fence Lakes. Probabalistic areas contributing recharge to the supply wells did not overlap with the new lagoon sites under 2010 pumping conditions, while the area contributing recharge under 2035 pumping conditions shows a low probability of overlapping with the new infiltration lagoon. This USGS data release contains input and output files as well as utility scripts to run a single realization of the Monte Carlo simulations, though all of the parameters used for the Monte Carlo simulations are also included in the associated *.ranvar files.

This data set was compiled to support the development of a model of oxygen reduction rates in Wisconsin groundwater wells; a model which is part of a Groundwater Nitrate Decision Support Tool for Wisconsin. Data were compiled from previously published studies with data collection from 1987 to 2009. Only data describing redox condition, groundwater age, depth to water, and well construction were compiled, though a majority of these studies presented a broader suite of analytes. Parameters compiled include dissolved oxygen, nitrate, indicators of denitrification, and parameters used in estimating groundwater age including tritium and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentration. Age estimates based on these data, where published, were also included in this data set. The compilation of this data set did not involve quality control evaluation of the data; rather any qualifiers indicating data quality that were reported as part of the source data set were included.

The glacial aquifer system of the United States encompasses all or parts of 25 states and is the most widely used supply of drinking water in the Nation (Maupin and Barber, 2005; Maupin and Arnold, 2010). A series of seven raster data sets were derived from a database of water-well drillers' records that was compiled in partial fulfillment of the goals of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Groundwater Availability and Use assessment program (U.S. Geological Survey, 2002). They contain hydrogeologic information for areas of the U.S. that are north of the southern limit of Pleistocene glaciation, including the total thickness of glacial deposits, thickness of coarse-grained sediment within the glacial deposits, specific-capacity based horizontal hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity of coarse-grained sediment within the glacial deposits, texture-based estimated equivalent horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the glacial deposits, and texture-based estimated equivalent transmissivity of the glacial deposits. The raster data sets are available for download in both American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) and Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Grid formats. These data have value for regional studies of water availability and aquifer vulnerability.

Elevated radium in drinking water is a chronic problem for municipalities with public supply wells completed in the Midwestern Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system (MCOAS). In southeastern Wisconsin, radium concentrations in many municipal wells have increased rapidly in the past decade, yet the processes responsible are not well understood. In this study, a reduced-dimensional numerical model was developed to overcome experimental and computational challenges that hamper transport model parameterization and regional-scale modeling efforts. An ensemble-based modeling approach was used to provide new insights into radium transport behavior and sources within the MCOAS. Results suggest that while diffusive transport may be responsible for elevated background levels, advection of water from or through the Maquoketa shale is the likely mechanism responsible for the rapid rise in radium concentrations observed over the past decade. This advective transport could directly transport radium from the shale units or drive changes in groundwater geochemistry that have the potential to significantly impact radium sequestration and mobilization. Further modeling suggests that changes in well construction may mitigate radium concentrations in municipal wells in southeastern Wisconsin. This study highlights how intensive regional pumping drives large-scale disequilibrium, increasing water quality issues such as the transport and mobilization of geogenic radium.

Arsenic, Bacteria, Copper, Lead, Nitrate, Sulfate, Chloride and Total Hardness data for private wells collected in the Wisconsin area. The data provides the average of nitrate(mg/L), chloride (mg/L), total hardness (mg/L) per Section, Town-Range and/or County in the state of Wisconsin. Center for Watershed Science and Education, Univ of Wisconsin-Stevens Point/Univ of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension, Stevens Point, WI.

This layer is intended for use in the Wisconsin PFAS Interactive Data Viewer GIS mapping application, use for any other purpose should be done with caution to avoid misuse or misinterpretation of information contained in this layer. Please seek appropriate DNR staff support.PFAS results in Wisconsin DNR's Drinking Water System (DWS) Portal are presented on this layer. The results have been generalized by water system and are classified based on the levels of PFAS detected. Point locations are generalized to PLSS centroids and do not represent well or specific water supply system feature locations.Municipal Water System SamplingResults from municipal or public water supply systems that have sampled drinking water for PFAS. Sampling completed prior to 2022 may not be included on this map. More details about sampling results are on the Drinking Water System Portal.Map locations are shown at the Public Land Survey System section center point for each municipal water system rather than the exact location of the well.PFAS health advisory levels (HALs) and the hazard index (HI) approach are defined by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS).For more information contact the DNR Drinking and Groundwater Program.