As of May 2023, there are 424 mayors that are women in the United States. The state of California has the largest number of women mayors, at 92. The next closest state, Illinois, had 40. Most states have fewer than ten mayors that are women. The mayor of Washington D.C. is a woman.

Do women elected officials contribute to the creation of public sector workforces that are more representative of the populations they serve? A more representative bureaucracy is expected to produce better outcomes, and thus understanding the role that elected leadership plays in diversifying the bureaucracy is important. Using data from over 5000 Brazilian municipalities from 2001 to 2012, we examine whether the election of women mayors leads to the formation of municipal executive bureaucracies that are more representative in terms of gender. In addition, we test whether the presence of a woman mayor leads to increased wages for women bureaucrats and smaller wage gaps between men and women bureaucrats. We find that while women mayors do not increase women’s numerical representation in the municipal executive bureaucracy, they do contribute to the creation of bureaucracies with fewer gender inequalities. Electing a woman mayor increases the average wages of women bureaucrats and decreases the gender wage gap in the bureaucracy. These findings suggest that women mayors advocate for the promotion of women to leadership positions and reduce the gap between men’s and women’s ranks in the bureaucracy since the salaries of Brazilian civil servants are linked to their positions.

Sector: Public administration Algorithm: Number of women mayors out of total mayors * 100 Phenomenon: Stock Territorial comparisons: South Tyrol, Italy

The 2008 Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP) Recruitment Studies are studies of United States state legislators' and mayors' pathways to office that were conducted by the Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP) at the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University. Data about state legislators and mayors of big cities were gathered through survey instruments that consisted primarily of questions concerning the decision to seek office, previous political experience, and personal background. The studies, which were conducted by mail, web, and phone, were designed to replicate a 1981 CAWP study about gender and pathways to elective office. All women serving in the legislatures of the 50 states were surveyed, along with a random sample of men state legislators; men were randomly selected and sampled in proportion to the number of women serving in each chamber and state. All women mayors of cities with a population of 30,000 and above serving in 2008 were surveyed, along with a random sample of men mayors. Demographic variables include age, education, race, and marital status.

In 2020, 85.6 percent of mayors in Italy were women, whereas 85.6 percent were men. According to the results of a recent survey, a small share of respondents declared that they would feel uncomfortable if a woman would hold the highest position in politics in Italy.

We explore an electoral quasi-experiment where a woman nearly won or lost to a man in a mayoral election. Our data combines municipal Brazilian election results, which occur every four years, with municipal level votes for female and male candidates in state and federal deputy elections, whose districts are larger than the municipalities. Our results show that when voters are exposed to a female leader, the relative number of votes given to female candidates increases. This result depends on the political environment in which the exposure occurs. These effects on the electorate's response tend to be stronger: 01. in municipalities where there is a previous higher proportion of female councilors, and 02. when the mayors have higher education levels. Our results provide evidence that the observed electorate's gender preferences in politics are alterable, but that policy interventions aimed to equalize access will be more effective if they are targeted at underrepresented populations that have the correct skill requirements to perform in leadership positions.

In 2021, the majority of mayors in Bolivia were men, holding 93.4 of the mayoral positions. This means that only one in ten mayors are women.

As of 2023, the number of female mayors in Norway was record high. More than a third of the mayors in Norway were female, and the share of women in chairmanship positions in the Norwegian municipalities was 44 percent. These numbers are unprecedented in the Norwegian political history. The political transformation is indeed a recent one. Within twenty years, from 1999 to 2019, the share of female mayors more than doubled in Norway.

Women remain underrepresented in politics and it remains unclear how this might change. In this paper, we investigate whether female council candidates receive more preferential votes when a female mayor has been recently elected into office. We hand collect data for 109,017 candidates in four open-list local council elections (2001-2016) in all 426 municipalities of a German state. Based on RDD estimations for close mixed-gender races, we show that female council candidates advance more from their initial list rank when the mayor is female. This effect spreads to neighboring municipalities and leads to a rising share of female council members.

BackgroundThe medical literature has demonstrated that macro-variables and social factors can influence suicide rates. Additionally, social science literature has shown that women in prominent political positions (such as mayors) can influence the behavior of other women. The purpose of our work is to demonstrate that women in such positions reduce suicide rates within a group affected by gender inequality: married women.MethodologyWe use regression discontinuity methodology and quasi-experimental electoral designs (elections with a margin of victory very close to zero) to ensure causal inference between the election of women and suicide rates among married women.Principal findingsMunicipalities that elected women as mayors have 1.33 fewer suicides among married women per 100,000 inhabitants compared to those that elected men as mayors.ConclusionThese results offer new insights into how empowered women can challenge social norms and improve public health outcomes.

New York City's "MWBE" program, enacted by the City Council and signed by the Mayor as Local Law 129 of 2005, is designed to promote government contracting opportunities for businesses owned by minorities and women. Our "Emerging Business Enterprise" program, enacted by the City Council and signed by the Mayor as Local Law 12 of 2006, is designed to promote such opportunities for businesses owned by persons who are "socially and economically disadvantaged." Together, the programs establish the following Citywide goals for contracts and subcontracts in amounts under $1 million.

YouGov / Mayor of London Survey on women in the fire service and how this compares to the military, police and health service.

Municipal elections take place every six years in France. The last ones were held from March to June 2020. Yet, it appears that parity is far from being achieved as regards the presidency of councils, whether they are regional, departmental, community, or municipal. It is also quite striking to note that in the case of departmental councils, although parity was achieved as regards the total number of advisors, only 21 percent of the presidents in 2024 were women.

In 2024, the highest share of women working in political leadership positions was seen among diet members in the House of Councilors, where women made up 25.5 percent. By contrast, only about 1.9 percent of the mayors of towns and villages were women.

41,864 (Persons) in 2030.

105 (Number) in 2012.

In 2023, the average life expectancy at birth for men and women in South Korea was estimated to stand at 81.2 years and 87.2 years, respectively. Life expectancy at birth was particular low for men at the start of the 1950s due to the Korean War (1950-1953), and lagged 10 to 15 years behind women for decades. While women still have a longer life expectancy, the gap has been increasingly getting smaller, down to a difference of around six years in the 2020s. By the year 2100, it is estimated that life expectancy at birth for Korean women will have risen to 96 years, while their male counterparts are expected to reach 90.2 years old.