In 2023, the total fertility rate in children per woman in India was 1.98. Between 1960 and 2023, the figure dropped by 3.94, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

India IN: Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data was reported at 2.030 Person in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.050 Person for 2020. India IN: Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data is updated yearly, averaging 2.910 Person from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2021, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.040 Person in 1990 and a record low of 2.030 Person in 2021. India IN: Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.GGI: Social: Demography: Non OECD Member: Annual.

The fertility rate of a country is the average number of children that women from that country will have throughout their reproductive years. From 1880 until 1970, India's fertility rate was very consistent, and women of this time had an average of 5.7 to six children over the course of their lifetime. In the second half of the twentieth century, the fertility rate dropped considerably, and has continued to drop in the 2000s. This decrease in the rate of fertility follows a common correlation between quality of life and fertility, where the fertility rate decreases as the standard of living improves. In 1947, after almost a century, the Indian independence movement finally achieved its goal, and India was able to self rule. From this point onwards, Indian socio-economic improvements led to a decreased fertility rate, which is expected to fall to 2.2 in 2020.

Today, globally, women of childbearing age have an average of approximately 2.2 children over the course of their lifetime. In pre-industrial times, most women could expect to have somewhere between five and ten live births throughout their lifetime; however, the demographic transition then sees fertility rates fall significantly. Looking ahead, it is believed that the global fertility rate will fall below replacement level in the 2050s, which will eventually lead to population decline when life expectancy plateaus. Recent decades Between the 1950s and 1970s, the global fertility rate was roughly five children per woman - this was partly due to the post-WWII baby boom in many countries, on top of already-high rates in less-developed countries. The drop around 1960 can be attributed to China's "Great Leap Forward", where famine and disease in the world's most populous country saw the global fertility rate drop by roughly 0.5 children per woman. Between the 1970s and today, fertility rates fell consistently, although the rate of decline noticeably slowed as the baby boomer generation then began having their own children. Replacement level fertility Replacement level fertility, i.e. the number of children born per woman that a population needs for long-term stability, is approximately 2.1 children per woman. Populations may continue to grow naturally despite below-replacement level fertility, due to reduced mortality and increased life expectancy, however, these will plateau with time and then population decline will occur. It is believed that the global fertility rate will drop below replacement level in the mid-2050s, although improvements in healthcare and living standards will see population growth continue into the 2080s when the global population will then start falling.

This layer shows Total Fertility Rate (Children per women) across states and UTs of India.Data source: https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/stat/tab8.18.pdfNote: In NFHS-5, Jammu & Kashmir is Union Territory excluding Ladakh (UT). NFHS-5, Survey done over two years.This web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

The statistic displays the birth rate in India between 2009 and 2013. In 2009, the birth rate was around 19.8 births per 1,000 inhabitants, and has dropped slightly since. The fertility rate or the number of children born per woman in India can be found here.

Context

This dataset contains state-wise Fertility Rate of India.

Content

It has total 4 columns:- State Total Urban Rural Population 'States': These contain names of all the States and Union Territories of India. 'Total': Fertility rate of each state. It is an estimate of the average number of children that a woman would have over her childbearing years (i.e. age 15-49), based on current birth trends. It is calculated using below formulae. 'Urban': Total Fertility rate of each state for urban dwellers. 'Rural': Total Fertility rate of each state for rural dwellers. 'Population': Total number of people in that state.

Acknowledgements

I am thankful to Indian government for maintaining these valuable data which can be used to understand demography of India in more clear way.

Inspiration

I am truly inspired by everyone on the Kaggle, with the level of their dedication and hard work.

Female child mortality rate of India declined by 4.79% from 29.2 deaths per thousand live births in 2022 to 27.8 deaths per thousand live births in 2023. Since the 5.90% slump in 2013, female child mortality rate plummeted by 45.49% in 2023. Child mortality rate is the probability of dying between the exact ages of one and five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. The probability is expressed as a rate per 1,000.

In a survey conducted in 2015 to 2016 across India, Muslim women seemed to have the highest fertility rate in the country with an average of **** children per woman. The actual and predicted values of fertility were quite similar for Hindu and Muslim women in the measured period.

This data contains all the essential data in the form of % with respect to rural and urban Indian states . This dataset is highly accurate as this is taken from the Indian govt. it is updated till 2021 for all states and union territories. source of data is data.gov.in titled - ******All India and State/UT-wise Factsheets of National Family Health Survey******

it is advised to you pls search the data keywords you need by using (Ctrl+f) , as it will help to avoid time wastage. States/UTs

Different columns it contains are Area

Number of Households surveyed Number of Women age 15-49 years interviewed Number of Men age 15-54 years interviewed

Female population age 6 years and above who ever attended school (%)

Population below age 15 years (%)

Sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males)

Sex ratio at birth for children born in the last five years (females per 1,000 males)

Children under age 5 years whose birth was registered with the civil authority (%)

Deaths in the last 3 years registered with the civil authority (%)

Population living in households with electricity (%)

Population living in households with an improved drinking-water source1 (%)

Population living in households that use an improved sanitation facility2 (%)

Households using clean fuel for cooking3 (%) Households using iodized salt (%)

Households with any usual member covered under a health insurance/financing scheme (%)

Children age 5 years who attended pre-primary school during the school year 2019-20 (%)

Women (age 15-49) who are literate4 (%)

Men (age 15-49) who are literate4 (%)

Women (age 15-49) with 10 or more years of schooling (%)

Men (age 15-49) with 10 or more years of schooling (%)

Women (age 15-49) who have ever used the internet (%)

Men (age 15-49) who have ever used the internet (%)

Women age 20-24 years married before age 18 years (%)

Men age 25-29 years married before age 21 years (%)

Total Fertility Rate (number of children per woman) Women age 15-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of the survey (%)

Adolescent fertility rate for women age 15-19 years5 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Any method6 (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Any modern method6 (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Female sterilization (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Male sterilization (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - IUD/PPIUD (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Pill (%)  

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Condom (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Injectables (%)

Total Unmet need for Family Planning (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years)7 (%)

Unmet need for spacing (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years)7 (%)

Health worker ever talked to female non-users about family planning (%)

Current users ever told about side effects of current method of family planning8 (%)

Mothers who had an antenatal check-up in the first trimester (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who had at least 4 antenatal care visits (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers whose last birth was protected against neonatal tetanus (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey)9 (%)

Mothers who consumed iron folic acid for 100 days or more when they were pregnant (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who consumed iron folic acid for 180 days or more when they were pregnant (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey} (%)

Registered pregnancies for which the mother received a Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other health personnel within 2 days of delivery (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Average out-of-pocket expenditure per delivery in a public health facility (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (Rs.)

Children born at home who were taken to a health facility for a check-up within 24 hours of birth (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey} (%)

Children who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/ other health personnel within 2 days of delivery (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Institutional births (in the 5...

Data in table tells us about the year-wise National Family Health Survey- Main Findings.

Indicators used are: Population and Household Profile, Characteristics of Adults (age 15-49), Marriage and fertility, Infant and Child Mortality Rates (per 1,000 live births), Current Use of Family Planning Methods (currently married women age 15-49 years), Unmet Need for Family Planning (currently married women age 15-49 years), Quality of Family Planning Services, Maternal and Child Health includes- Maternity Care (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey), Delivery Care (for births in the 5 years before the survey), Treatment of Childhood Diseases (children under age 5 years), Child Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children, Nutritional Status of Adults (age 15-49 years) includes- Anaemia among Children and Adults 15, Blood Sugar Level among Adults (age 15-49 years)16, Women Age 15-49 Years Who Have Ever Undergone Examinations of: Cervix, breast and oral cavity, Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Adults (age 15-49 years), Women's Empowerment and Gender Based Violence (age 15-49 years) and Tobacco Use and Alcohol Consumption among Adults (age 15-49 years). NFHS-3 was calculated for 2005-2006 and NFHS-4 for 2015-16 for urban areas, rural areas and total separately.

In 2021, the under-five mortality rate among female children in India amounted to just under ** deaths per thousand live births. This was slightly lower among male children under five years old for the same time period.

The second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), conducted in 1998-99, provides information on fertility, mortality, family planning, and important aspects of nutrition, health, and health care. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) coordinated the survey, which collected information from a nationally representative sample of more than 90,000 ever-married women age 15-49. The NFHS-2 sample covers 99 percent of India's population living in all 26 states. This report is based on the survey data for 25 of the 26 states, however, since data collection in Tripura was delayed due to local problems in the state.

IIPS also coordinated the first National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1) in 1992-93. Most of the types of information collected in NFHS-2 were also collected in the earlier survey, making it possible to identify trends over the intervening period of six and one-half years. In addition, the NFHS-2 questionnaire covered a number of new or expanded topics with important policy implications, such as reproductive health, women's autonomy, domestic violence, women's nutrition, anaemia, and salt iodization.

The NFHS-2 survey was carried out in two phases. Ten states were surveyed in the first phase which began in November 1998 and the remaining states (except Tripura) were surveyed in the second phase which began in March 1999. The field staff collected information from 91,196 households in these 25 states and interviewed 89,199 eligible women in these households. In addition, the survey collected information on 32,393 children born in the three years preceding the survey. One health investigator on each survey team measured the height and weight of eligible women and children and took blood samples to assess the prevalence of anaemia.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Three-quarters (73 percent) of the population lives in rural areas. The age distribution is typical of populations that have recently experienced a fertility decline, with relatively low proportions in the younger and older age groups. Thirty-six percent of the population is below age 15, and 5 percent is age 65 and above. The sex ratio is 957 females for every 1,000 males in rural areas but only 928 females for every 1,000 males in urban areas, suggesting that more men than women have migrated to urban areas.

The survey provides a variety of demographic and socioeconomic background information. In the country as a whole, 82 percent of household heads are Hindu, 12 percent are Muslim, 3 percent are Christian, and 2 percent are Sikh. Muslims live disproportionately in urban areas, where they comprise 15 percent of household heads. Nineteen percent of household heads belong to scheduled castes, 9 percent belong to scheduled tribes, and 32 percent belong to other backward classes (OBCs). Two-fifths of household heads do not belong to any of these groups.

Questions about housing conditions and the standard of living of households indicate some improvements since the time of NFHS-1. Sixty percent of households in India now have electricity and 39 percent have piped drinking water compared with 51 percent and 33 percent, respectively, at the time of NFHS-1. Sixty-four percent of households have no toilet facility compared with 70 percent at the time of NFHS-1.

About three-fourths (75 percent) of males and half (51 percent) of females age six and above are literate, an increase of 6-8 percentage points from literacy rates at the time of NFHS-1. The percentage of illiterate males varies from 6-7 percent in Mizoram and Kerala to 37 percent in Bihar and the percentage of illiterate females varies from 11 percent in Mizoram and 15 percent in Kerala to 65 percent in Bihar. Seventy-nine percent of children age 6-14 are attending school, up from 68 percent in NFHS-1. The proportion of children attending school has increased for all ages, particularly for girls, but girls continue to lag behind boys in school attendance. Moreover, the disparity in school attendance by sex grows with increasing age of children. At age 6-10, 85 percent of boys attend school compared with 78 percent of girls. By age 15-17, 58 percent of boys attend school compared with 40 percent of girls. The percentage of girls 6-17 attending school varies from 51 percent in Bihar and 56 percent in Rajasthan to over 90 percent in Himachal Pradesh and Kerala.

Women in India tend to marry at an early age. Thirty-four percent of women age 15-19 are already married including 4 percent who are married but gauna has yet to be performed. These proportions are even higher in the rural areas. Older women are more likely than younger women to have married at an early age: 39 percent of women currently age 45-49 married before age 15 compared with 14 percent of women currently age 15-19. Although this indicates that the proportion of women who marry young is declining rapidly, half the women even in the age group 20-24 have married before reaching the legal minimum age of 18 years. On average, women are five years younger than the men they marry. The median age at marriage varies from about 15 years in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh to 23 years in Goa.

As part of an increasing emphasis on gender issues, NFHS-2 asked women about their participation in household decisionmaking. In India, 91 percent of women are involved in decision-making on at least one of four selected topics. A much lower proportion (52 percent), however, are involved in making decisions about their own health care. There are large variations among states in India with regard to women's involvement in household decisionmaking. More than three out of four women are involved in decisions about their own health care in Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Punjab compared with about two out of five or less in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Rajasthan. Thirty-nine percent of women do work other than housework, and more than two-thirds of these women work for cash. Only 41 percent of women who earn cash can decide independently how to spend the money that they earn. Forty-three percent of working women report that their earnings constitute at least half of total family earnings, including 18 percent who report that the family is entirely dependent on their earnings. Women's work-participation rates vary from 9 percent in Punjab and 13 percent in Haryana to 60-70 percent in Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh.

FERTILITY AND FAMILY PLANNING

Fertility continues to decline in India. At current fertility levels, women will have an average of 2.9 children each throughout their childbearing years. The total fertility rate (TFR) is down from 3.4 children per woman at the time of NFHS-1, but is still well above the replacement level of just over two children per woman. There are large variations in fertility among the states in India. Goa and Kerala have attained below replacement level fertility and Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab are at or close to replacement level fertility. By contrast, fertility is 3.3 or more children per woman in Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Nagaland, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh. More than one-third to less than half of all births in these latter states are fourth or higher-order births compared with 7-9 percent of births in Kerala, Goa, and Tamil Nadu.

Efforts to encourage the trend towards lower fertility might usefully focus on groups within the population that have higher fertility than average. In India, rural women and women from scheduled tribes and scheduled castes have somewhat higher fertility than other women, but fertility is particularly high for illiterate women, poor women, and Muslim women. Another striking feature is the high level of childbearing among young women. More than half of women age 20-49 had their first birth before reaching age 20, and women age 15-19 account for almost one-fifth of total fertility. Studies in India and elsewhere have shown that health and mortality risks increase when women give birth at such young ages?both for the women themselves and for their children. Family planning programmes focusing on women in this age group could make a significant impact on maternal and child health and help to reduce fertility.

INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY

NFHS-2 provides estimates of infant and child mortality and examines factors associated with the survival of young children. During the five years preceding the survey, the infant mortality rate was 68 deaths at age 0-11 months per 1,000 live births, substantially lower than 79 per 1,000 in the five years preceding the NFHS-1 survey. The child mortality rate, 29 deaths at age 1-4 years per 1,000 children reaching age one, also declined from the corresponding rate of 33 per 1,000 in NFHS-1. Ninety-five children out of 1,000 born do not live to age five years. Expressed differently, 1 in 15 children die in the first year of life, and 1 in 11 die before reaching age five. Child-survival programmes might usefully focus on specific groups of children with particularly high infant and child mortality rates, such as children who live in rural areas, children whose mothers are illiterate, children belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and children from poor households. Infant mortality rates are more than two and one-half times as high for women who did not receive any of the recommended types of maternity related medical care than for mothers who did receive all recommended types of care.

HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, AND NUTRITION

Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important components of the Family Welfare Programme of the Government of India. One goal is for each pregnant woman to receive at least three antenatal check-ups plus two tetanus toxoid injections and a full course of iron and folic acid

This statistic shows the fertility rate in South Asian countries between 2010 and 2015. The fertility rate is the average number of children born by one woman while being of child-bearing age. Between 2010 to 2015, the fertility rate in India amounted to **** children per woman.

ObjectivesUnder the prevailing conditions of imbalanced life table and historic gender discrimination in India, our study examines crossover between life expectancies at ages zero, one and five years for India and quantifies the relative share of infant and under-five mortality towards this crossover.MethodsWe estimate threshold levels of infant and under-five mortality required for crossover using age specific death rates during 1981–2009 for 16 Indian states by sex (comprising of India’s 90% population in 2011). Kitagawa decomposition equations were used to analyse relative share of infant and under-five mortality towards crossover.FindingsIndia experienced crossover between life expectancies at ages zero and five in 2004 for menand in 2009 for women; eleven and nine Indian states have experienced this crossover for men and women, respectively. Men usually experienced crossover four years earlier than the women. Improvements in mortality below ages five have mostly contributed towards this crossover. Life expectancy at age one exceeds that at age zero for both men and women in India except for Kerala (the only state to experience this crossover in 2000 for men and 1999 for women).ConclusionsFor India, using life expectancy at age zero and under-five mortality rate together may be more meaningful to measure overall health of its people until the crossover. Delayed crossover for women, despite higher life expectancy at birth than for men reiterates that Indian women are still disadvantaged and hence use of life expectancies at ages zero, one and five become important for India. Greater programmatic efforts to control leading causes of death during the first month and 1–59 months in high child mortality areas can help India to attain this crossover early.

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Context

India - Annual Health Survey(AHS) 2012-13:

The survey was conducted in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh and Assam. These nine states, which account for about 48 percent of the total population, 59 percent of Births, 70 percent of Infant Deaths, 75 percent of Under 5 Deaths and 62 percent of Maternal Deaths in the country, are the high focus States in view of their relatively higher fertility and mortality.

A representative sample of about 21 million population and 4.32 million households were covered 20k+ sample units which is spread across rural and urban area of these 9 states.

The objective of the AHS is to yield a comprehensive, representative and reliable dataset on core vital indicators including composite ones like Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Ratio and Total Fertility Rate along with their co-variates (process and outcome indicators) at the district level and map the changes therein on an annual basis. These benchmarks would help in better and holistic understanding and timely monitoring of various determinants on well-being and health of population particularly Reproductive and Child Health. Source

Content

This dataset contains the data about the below 26 key indicators.

1. AA. Sample Particulars

   1. Sample Units
   2. Households
   3. Population
   4. Ever Married Women (aged 15-49 years)
   5. Currently Married Women (aged 15-49 years)
   6. Children 12-23 months

2. BB. Household Characteristics

   1. Average Household Size
      • SC
      • ST
      • All
   2. Population below age 15 years (%)
   3. Dependency Ratio
   4. Currently Married Illiterate Women aged 15-49 years (%)

3. CC. Sex Ratio

   1. Sex Ratio at Birth
   2. Sex Ratio (0- 4 years)
   3. Sex Ratio (All ages)

4. DD. Effective Literacy Rate

5. EE. Marriage

   1. Marriages among Females below legal age (18 years) (%)
   2. Marriages among Males below legal age (21 years) (%)
   3. Currently Married Women aged 20-24 years married before legal age (18 years) (%)
   4. Currently Married Men aged 25-29 years married before legal age (21 years) (%)
   5. Mean age at Marriage# - Male
   6. Mean age at Marriage# - Female

6. FF. Schooling Status

   1. Children currently attending school (Age 6-17 years) (%)
   2. Children attended before / Drop out (Age 6-17 years) (%)

7. GG. Work Status

   1. Children aged 5-14 years engaged in work (%)
   2. Work Participation Rate (15 years and above)

8. HH. Disability

   1. Prevalence of any type of Disability (Per 100,000 Population)

9. II. Injury

   1. Number of Injured Persons by type of Treatment received (Per 100,000 Population)
      • Severe
      • Major
      • Minor

10. JJ. Acute Illness

    1. Persons suffering from Acute Illness (Per 100,000 Population)
       • Diarrhoea/Dysentery
       • Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)
       • Fever (All Types)
       • Any type of Acute Illness
    2. Persons suffering from Acute Illness and taking treatment from Any Source (%)
    3. Persons suffering from Acute Illness and taking treatment from Government Source (%)

11. KK. Chronic Illness

    1. Having any kind of Symptoms of Chronic Illness (Per 100,000 Population)
    2. Having any kind of Symptoms of Chronic Illness and sought Medical Care (%)
    3. Having diagnosed for Chronic Illness (Per 100,000 Population)
       • Diabetes
       • Hypertension
       • Tuberculosis (TB)
       • Asthma / Chronic Respiratory Disease
       • Arthritis
       • Any kind of Chronic Illness
    4. Having diagnosed for any kind of Chronic Illness and getting Regular Treatment (%)
    5. Having diagnosed for any kind of Chronic Illness and getting Regular Treatment from Government Source (%)

12. LL. Fertility

    1. Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
    2. Natural Growth Rate
    3. Total Fertility Rate
    4. Women aged 20-24 reporting birth of order 2 & above (%)
    5. Women reporting birth of order 3 & above (%)
    6. Women with two children wanting no more children (%)
    7. Women aged 15-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of survey (%)
    8. Median age at first live birth of Women aged 15-49 years
    9. Median age at first live birth of Women aged 25-49 years
    10. Live Births taking place after an interval of 36 months (%)
    11. Mean number of children...

27.8 (deaths per thousand live births) in 2023. Child mortality rate is the probability of dying between the exact ages of one and five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. The probability is expressed as a rate per 1,000.

Abstract

The National Family Health Survey 2019-21 (NFHS-5), the fifth in the NFHS series, provides information on population, health, and nutrition for India, each state/union territory (UT), and for 707 districts.

The primary objective of the 2019-21 round of National Family Health Surveys is to provide essential data on health and family welfare, as well as data on emerging issues in these areas, such as levels of fertility, infant and child mortality, maternal and child health, and other health and family welfare indicators by background characteristics at the national and state levels. Similar to NFHS-4, NFHS-5 also provides information on several emerging issues including perinatal mortality, high-risk sexual behaviour, safe injections, tuberculosis, noncommunicable diseases, and the use of emergency contraception.

The information collected through NFHS-5 is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in setting benchmarks and examining progress over time in India’s health sector. Besides providing evidence on the effectiveness of ongoing programmes, NFHS-5 data will help to identify the need for new programmes in specific health areas.

The clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical (CAB) component of NFHS-5 is designed to provide vital estimates of the prevalence of malnutrition, anaemia, hypertension, high blood glucose levels, and waist and hip circumference, Vitamin D3, HbA1c, and malaria parasites through a series of biomarker tests and measurements.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15 to 54

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men age 15-54, and all children aged 0-5 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A uniform sample design, which is representative at the national, state/union territory, and district level, was adopted in each round of the survey. Each district is stratified into urban and rural areas. Each rural stratum is sub-stratified into smaller substrata which are created considering the village population and the percentage of the population belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SC/ST). Within each explicit rural sampling stratum, a sample of villages was selected as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs); before the PSU selection, PSUs were sorted according to the literacy rate of women age 6+ years. Within each urban sampling stratum, a sample of Census Enumeration Blocks (CEBs) was selected as PSUs. Before the PSU selection, PSUs were sorted according to the percentage of SC/ST population. In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 22 households per cluster was selected with an equal probability systematic selection from a newly created list of households in the selected PSUs. The list of households was created as a result of the mapping and household listing operation conducted in each selected PSU before the household selection in the second stage. In all, 30,456 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) were selected across the country in NFHS-5 drawn from 707 districts as on March 31st 2017, of which fieldwork was completed in 30,198 PSUs.

For further details on sample design, see Section 1.2 of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four survey schedules/questionnaires: Household, Woman, Man, and Biomarker were canvassed in 18 local languages using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI).

Cleaning operations

Electronic data collected in the 2019-21 National Family Health Survey were received on a daily basis via the SyncCloud system at the International Institute for Population Sciences, where the data were stored on a password-protected computer. Secondary editing of the data, which required resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions, was conducted in the field by the Field Agencies and at the Field Agencies central office, and IIPS checked the secondary edits before the dataset was finalized.

Field-check tables were produced by IIPS and the Field Agencies on a regular basis to identify certain types of errors that might have occurred in eliciting information and recording question responses. Information from the field-check tables on the performance of each fieldwork team and individual investigator was promptly shared with the Field Agencies during the fieldwork so that the performance of the teams could be improved, if required.

Response rate

A total of 664,972 households were selected for the sample, of which 653,144 were occupied. Among the occupied households, 636,699 were successfully interviewed, for a response rate of 98 percent.

In the interviewed households, 747,176 eligible women age 15-49 were identified for individual women’s interviews. Interviews were completed with 724,115 women, for a response rate of 97 percent. In all, there were 111,179 eligible men age 15-54 in households selected for the state module. Interviews were completed with 101,839 men, for a response rate of 92 percent.

🔗 Check out my notebook here: Link

This dataset includes malnutrition indicators and some of the features that might impact malnutrition. The detailed description of the dataset is given below:

• Percentage-of-underweight-children-data: Percentage of children aged 5 years or below who are underweight by country.

• Prevalence of Underweight among Female Adults (Age Standardized Estimate): Percentage of female adults whos BMI is less than 18.

• GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$): GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2015 U.S. dollars.

• Domestic general government health expenditure (% of GDP): Public expenditure on health from domestic sources as a share of the economy as measured by GDP.

• Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births): Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on the proportion of maternal deaths among non-AIDS deaths in women ages 15-49, fertility, birth attendants, and GDP measured using purchasing power parities (PPPs).

• Mean-age-at-first-birth-of-women-aged-20-50-data: Average age at which women of age 20-50 years have their first child.

• School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross): Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.

In 2020, the northern state of Uttar Pradesh had the highest urban birth rate of 22.1 births per 1,000 inhabitants. It was followed by states of Bihar and Rajasthan. Among other states, Himachal Pradesh had the lowest birth rate in the urban areas that year.