Portugal, Canada, and the United States were the countries with the highest house price to income ratio in 2024. In all three countries, the index exceeded 130 index points, while the average for all OECD countries stood at 116.2 index points. The index measures the development of housing affordability and is calculated by dividing nominal house price by nominal disposable income per head, with 2015 set as a base year when the index amounted to 100. An index value of 120, for example, would mean that house price growth has outpaced income growth by 20 percent since 2015. How have house prices worldwide changed since the COVID-19 pandemic? House prices started to rise gradually after the global financial crisis (2007–2008), but this trend accelerated with the pandemic. The countries with advanced economies, which usually have mature housing markets, experienced stronger growth than countries with emerging economies. Real house price growth (accounting for inflation) peaked in 2022 and has since lost some of the gain. Although, many countries experienced a decline in house prices, the global house price index shows that property prices in 2023 were still substantially higher than before COVID-19. Renting vs. buying In the past, house prices have grown faster than rents. However, the home affordability has been declining notably, with a direct impact on rental prices. As people struggle to buy a property of their own, they often turn to rental accommodation. This has resulted in a growing demand for rental apartments and soaring rental prices.

In 2020, Hong Kong had the most expensive residential property market worldwide, with an average property price of 1.25 million U.S. dollars. The government of Hong Kong provide public housing for lower-income residents and almost 45 percent of the Hong Kong population lived in public permanent housing in 2018.

Mexico Housing Affordability rose 0.4points in 2019, compared to the previous year.

The Housing Affordability Data System (HADS) is a set of files derived from the 1985 and later national American Housing Survey (AHS) and the 2002 and later Metro AHS. This system categorizes housing units by affordability and households by income, with respect to the Adjusted Median Income, Fair Market Rent (FMR), and poverty income. It also includes housing cost burden for owner and renter households. These files have been the basis for the worst case needs tables since 2001. The data files are available for public use, since they were derived from AHS public use files and the published income limits and FMRs. These dataset give the community of housing analysts the opportunity to use a consistent set of affordability measures. The most recent year HADS is available as a Public Use File (PUF) is 2013. For 2015 and beyond, HADS is only available as an IUF and can no longer be released on a PUF. Those seeking access to more recent data should reach to the listed point of contact.

In 2019, Hong Kong had the most expensive residential property market worldwide, with an average price per square foot of 1,987 U.S. dollars.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong, an autonomous special administrative region of China, has one of the least affordable housing markets in the world. A region with an estimated 7.49 million people, it has become increasingly difficult to purchase a home in Hong Kong. The spoken languages in Hong Kong are Cantonese, Mandarin, and English.

Hong Kong housing market

The housing market in Hong Kong has seen an increase in prices in the past couple years. There are two types of housing unit offers in Hong Kong, private and public. The number of public rental housing units has been consistently rising since 2008. Nearly half of the public rental apartments in Hong Kong as of March 2018 were between 30 and 39.9 square meters. Not only has the number of public rental housing units increased since 2008, so have the private ones. However, there are more private housing units than public ones in Hong Kong. Additionally, the Home Ownership Scheme exists in Hong Kong. It is a government sponsored program that subsidizes public housing in Hong Kong. First created in the late 1970s, it was instituted with two targets in mind. The first was to persuade the richer tenants of these apartments to leave so families in greater need could live there. The second was to allow these families to become home owners, since they did not have enough money to buy in the private sector. Under this program, the government sells apartments to qualified low-income tenants at prices below the market value.

A commonly accepted threshold for affordable housing costs at the household level is 30% of a household's income. Accordingly, a household is considered cost burdened if it pays more than 30% of its income on housing. Households paying more than 50% are considered severely cost burdened. These thresholds apply to both homeowners and renters.

The Housing Affordability indicator only measures cost burden among the region's households, and not the supply of affordable housing. The directionality of cost burden trends can be impacted by changes in both income and housing supply. If lower income households are priced out of a county or the region, it would create a downward trend in cost burden, but would not reflect a positive trend for an inclusive housing market.

The Housing Affordability Index value in the United States plummeted in 2022, surpassing the historical record of ***** index points in 2006. In 2024, the housing affordability index measured **** index points, making it the second-worst year for homebuyers since the start of the observation period. What does the Housing Affordability Index mean? The Housing Affordability Index uses data provided by the National Association of Realtors (NAR). It measures whether a family earning the national median income can afford the monthly mortgage payments on a median-priced existing single-family home. An index value of 100 means that a family has exactly enough income to qualify for a mortgage on a home. The higher the index value, the more affordable a house is to a family. Key factors that drive the real estate market Income, house prices, and mortgage rates are some of the most important factors influencing homebuyer sentiment. When incomes increase, consumer power also increases. The median household income in the United States declined in 2022, affecting affordability. Additionally, mortgage interest rates have soared, adding to the financial burden of homebuyers. The sales price of existing single-family homes in the U.S. has increased year-on-year since 2011 and reached ******* U.S. dollars in 2023.

Number of affordable housing completions (seasonally adjusted)

How the figure is calculated:

Total reported numbers of completions under the relevant programmes within the reporting period. Because delivery is seasonal and reflects funding profiles, with more starts and completions being reported in the second six months than are reported in the first six months, the current figures are compared back to the equivalent period of the year before rather than the preceding six months.

Why is this indicator in the business plan?

These are the most timely indicators on affordable housing delivery. Increasing the supply of affordable housing is a key part of DCLG policy.

How often is it updated?

Bi-annually, approximately June and November.

Where does the data come from?

Homes and Communities Agency (HCA) - Investment Management System and other programme information. Published figures are at http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/housing-statistics.

Greater London Authority (GLA) - Investment Management System and other programme information. Published figures are at http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/housing-land/increasing-housing-supply/gla-affordable-housing-statistics.

What area does the headline figure cover?

England

Are further breakdowns of the data available?

Yes, can be split by type (social rent, affordable rent, intermediate rent, Low Cost Home Ownership) and by local authority area.

What does a change in this indicator show?

An increase in this indicator is good and shows more new affordable houses are being completed through the HCA and GLA.

Time Lag

Published within two months of the end of the reporting period.

Next available update

June 2015.

Type of Data

Official Statistics.

Robustness and data limitations

• Does not include all affordable housing starts and completions because some will be delivered outside the HCA and GLA roles.
• Delivery is seasonal and reflects funding profiles. Delivery tends to be lower in the first six months than the last six months of the year and therefore comparisons with the previous six-monthly period are not usually appropriate.
• A small number of the affordable housing starts reported by the HCA over this period are actually located in London (the Get Britain Building programme in London is administered by the HCA on behalf of the GLA).

Links to Further Information

http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/housing-statistics

http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/housing-land/increasing-housing-supply/gla-affordable-housing-statistics

Contact Details

CorporatePerformance@communities.gsi.gov.uk

Number of affordable housing starts (seasonally adjusted)

How the figure is calculated:

Total reported numbers of starts under the relevant programmes within the reporting period. Because delivery is seasonal and reflects funding profiles, with more starts and completions being reported in the second six months than are reported in the first six months, the current figures are compared back to the equivalent period of the year before rather than the preceding six months.

Why is this indicator in the business plan?

These are the most timely indicators on affordable housing delivery. Increasing the supply of affordable housing is a key part of DCLG policy.

How often is it updated?

Bi-annually, approximately June and November.

Where does the data come from?

Homes and Communities Agency (HCA) - Investment Management System and other programme information. Published figures are at http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/housing-statistics.

Greater London Authority (GLA) - Investment Management System and other programme information. Published figures are at http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/housing-land/increasing-housing-supply/gla-affordable-housing-statistics.

What area does the headline figure cover?

England

Are further breakdowns of the data available?

Yes, can be split by type (social rent, affordable rent, intermediate rent, Low Cost Home Ownership) and by local authority area.

What does a change in this indicator show?

An increase in this indicator is good and shows more new affordable houses are being started through the HCA and GLA.

Time Lag

Published within two months of the end of the reporting period.

Next available update

June 2015.

Type of Data

Official Statistics.

Robustness and data limitations

• Does not include all affordable housing starts and completions because some will be delivered outside the HCA and GLA roles.
• Delivery is seasonal and reflects funding profiles. Delivery tends to be lower in the first six months than the last six months of the year and therefore comparisons with the previous six-monthly period are not usually appropriate.
• A small number of the affordable housing starts reported by the HCA over this period are actually located in London (the Get Britain Building programme in London is administered by the HCA on behalf of the GLA).

With effect from 1 April 2014, affordable housing starts on site include the starts on site for new build homes purchased at completion. These have not been reported historically

Links to Further Information

http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/housing-statistics

http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/housing-land/increasing-housing-supply/gla-affordable-housing-statistics

Contact Details

CorporatePerformance@communities.gsi.gov.uk

Manufactured Housing Market Outlook

The global manufactured housing market size was valued at approximately USD 30 billion in 2023, and it is projected to reach an estimated USD 45 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.7% during the forecast period. The growth of the manufactured housing market can be attributed to the rising demand for affordable housing solutions worldwide, driven by increasing urbanization and population growth, along with technological advancements in manufacturing processes that enhance the quality and design of prefabricated homes.

One of the primary growth drivers for the manufactured housing market is the affordability factor. In a world where housing prices are steadily climbing, manufactured homes offer a cost-effective alternative without compromising on quality and comfort. As more people seek economical housing solutions, particularly in regions where real estate costs are prohibitively high, the demand for manufactured homes is expected to rise. Furthermore, manufactured homes provide flexibility in terms of location and customization, which appeals to a broad demographic, including millennials and retirees who are looking for both cost savings and modern conveniences.

Another significant growth factor is the evolution of construction technologies and materials used in manufactured housing. Advances in materials science and engineering have led to the development of new, durable, and sustainable building materials. These materials not only improve the longevity and resilience of manufactured homes but also enhance their energy efficiency, making them more environmentally friendly. This shift towards sustainable living is further fueled by government incentives and policies advocating for green building practices, making manufactured homes an attractive option for eco-conscious consumers.

The changing regulatory landscape also plays a crucial role in the growth of the manufactured housing market. Governments across various regions are recognizing the importance of manufactured housing in addressing housing shortages and are implementing supportive regulations to facilitate their development. For instance, zoning laws are being updated to accommodate manufactured homes in more areas, and financial products such as favorable loan conditions are being tailored to support buyers of manufactured housing. These regulatory changes are instrumental in legitimizing and expanding the market, offering new opportunities for both consumers and manufacturers.

Regionally, North America is a key market for manufactured housing, driven by the high demand for affordable housing solutions in the United States. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness significant growth due to rapid urbanization and population growth in countries such as China and India. Europe presents opportunities for market expansion, supported by increasing interest in sustainable living solutions. However, the market faces challenges in the Middle East & Africa, where cultural and climatic conditions may limit the adoption of manufactured housing. Despite these challenges, the overall regional outlook for manufactured housing remains positive, fueled by global trends towards affordable and sustainable housing solutions.

Type Analysis

The manufactured housing market is segmented into single-section and multi-section types, each offering unique benefits that cater to different consumer needs. Single-section manufactured homes are typically smaller and more affordable, making them an ideal choice for individuals or small families seeking cost-effective housing solutions. These homes are often chosen by first-time homebuyers and retirees who prioritize affordability and simplicity. The compact design of single-section homes allows for easy transportation and installation, which further reduces costs and time associated with home setup. Their popularity is especially notable in regions where land prices are high, and consumers look for budget-friendly housing options without compromising on essential amenities.

On the other hand, multi-section manufactured homes offer more space and customization options, appealing to larger families or those seeking more luxurious living arrangements. These homes can be configured to include multiple bedrooms, spacious living areas, and additional features such as porches or garages. The flexibility in design and layout makes multi-section homes attractive to consumers who wish to personalize their homes to suit individual preferences and lifestyle needs. As consumer expectations for home quality and aesthetics

NOTICE*** This dataset is incomplete and in the process of being updated. Please contact david.cruz@austintexas.gov with any questions. This dataset contains all income-restricted housing within the Austin Full Purpose and into the 5-mile Extra Territorial Jurisdiction. This includes properties funded by the City of Austin along with the Housing Authority City of Austin, Housing Authority of Travis County, and Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs. Some properties may be funded by more than one entity. The property attributes are intended to help Austin residents find income-restricted housing that best suits their needs. The dataset is connected to the affordable housing data hub which is consistently updated with the most current property information. A Feature Manipulation Engine Script pulls a new dataset to the Open Data Portal on a daily basis.

In 2022, Sydney was listed as the second-least affordable city worldwide in terms of housing affordability, as well as the most unaffordable capital city for houses in Australia, with a median multiple house price relative to income value of ****, meaning that housing prices in Sydney were over ** times the average annual gross median household income.

This web map shows the potential relationship between Esri's housing affordability index (HAI) and median household income in the United States for CBSA metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. It also shows Total Household Growth between 2010-2018. The data can be used to determine the impact between income earned in relationship to housing affordability. For example;Which areas experience very affordable housing and earn high median household incomesWhich areas experience affordable housing but earn relatively low median household incomesWhich areas experience the least affordable housing but earn relatively high median household incomesWhich areas experience the least affordable housing along and below US median household incomes

The Arlington Profile combines countywide data sources and provides a comprehensive outlook of the most current data on population, housing, employment, development, transportation, and community services. These datasets are used to obtain an understanding of community, plan future services/needs, guide policy decisions, and secure grant funding. A PDF Version of the Arlington Profile can be accessed on the Arlington County website.

The most current data is published on these sheets. Previously published data may be subject to revision. Any change from the originally published data will be highlighted by a comment on the cell in question. These comments will be maintained for at least a year after the date of the value change.

Thumbnail image by Tony Moody.This dataset includes all housing developments approved by the City of Boise’s (“city”) Planning Division since 2020 that are known by the city to have received or are expected to receive support or incentives from a government entity. Each row represents one development. Data may be unavailable for some projects and details are subject to change until construction is complete. Addresses are excluded for projects with fewer than five homes for privacy reasons.

The dataset includes details on the number of “homes” in a development. We use the word "home" to refer to any single unit of housing regardless of size, type, or whether it is rented or owned. For example, a building with 40 apartments counts as 40 homes, and a single detached house counts as one home.

The dataset includes details about the phase of each project. The process for build a new development is as follows: First, one must receive approval from the city’s Planning Division, which is also known as being “entitled.” Next, one must apply for and receive a permit from the city’s Building Division before beginning construction. Finally, once construction is complete and all city inspections have been passed, the building can be occupied.

The dataset also includes data on the affordability level of each development. To receive a government incentive, a developer is typically required to rent or sell a specified number of homes to households that have an income below limits set by the government and their housing cost must not exceed 30% of their income. The federal government determines income limits based on a standard called “area median income.” The city considers housing affordable if is targeted to households earning at or below 80% of the area median income. For a three-person household in Boise, that equates to an annual income of $60,650 and monthly rent or mortgage of $1,516. See Boise Income Guidelines for more details.Project Address(es) – Includes all addresses that are included as part of the development project.Address – The primary address for the development.Parcel Number(s) – The identification code for all parcels of land included in the development.Acreage – The number of acres for the parcel(s) included in the project.Planning Permit Number – The identification code for all permits the development has received from the Planning Division for the City of Boise. The number and types of permits required vary based on the location and type of development.Date Entitled – The date a development was approved by the City’s Planning Division.Building Permit Number – The identification code for all permits the development has received from the city’s Building Division.Date Building Permit Issued – Building permits are required to begin construction on a development.Date Final Certificate of Occupancy Issued – A certificate of occupancy is the final approval by the city for a development, once construction is complete. Not all developments require a certificate of occupancy.Studio – The number of homes in the development that are classified as a studio. A studio is typically defined as a home in which there is no separate bedroom. A single room serves as both a bedroom and a living room.1-Bedroom – The number of homes in a development that have exactly one bedroom.2-Bedroom – The number of homes in a development that have exactly two bedrooms.3-Bedroom – The number of homes in a development that have exactly three bedrooms.4+ Bedroom – The number of homes in a development that have four or more bedrooms.# of Total Project Units – The total number of homes in the development.# of units toward goals – The number of homes in a development that contribute to either the city’s goal to produce housing affordable at or under 60% of area median income, or the city’s goal to create permanent supportive housing for households experiencing homelessness.Rent at or under 60% AMI - The number of homes in a development that are required to be rented at or below 60% of area median income. See the description of the dataset above for an explanation of area median income or see Boise Income Guidelines for more details. Boise defines a home as “affordable” if it is rented or sold at or below 80% of area median income.Rent 61-80% AMI – The number of homes in a development that are required to be rented at between 61% and 80% of area median income. See the description of the dataset above for an explanation of area median income or see Boise Income Guidelines for more details. Boise defines a home as “affordable” if it is rented or sold at or below 80% of area median income.Rent 81-120% AMI - The number of homes in a development that are required to be rented at between 81% and 120% of area median income. See the description of the dataset above for an explanation of area median income or see Boise Income Guidelines for more details.Own at or under 60% AMI - The number of homes in a development that are required to be sold at or below 60% of area median income. See the description of the dataset above for an explanation of area median income or see Boise Income Guidelines for more details. Boise defines a home as “affordable” if it is rented or sold at or below 80% of area median income.Own 61-80% AMI – The number of homes in a development that are required to be sold at between 61% and 80% of area median income. See the description of the dataset above for an explanation of area median income or see Boise Income Guidelines for more details. Boise defines a home as “affordable” if it is rented or sold at or below 80% of area median income.Own 81-120% AMI - The number of homes in a development that are required to be sold at between 81% and 120% of area median income. See the description of the dataset above for an explanation of area median income or see Boise Income Guidelines for more details.Housing Land Trust – “Yes” if a development receives or is expected to receive this incentive. The Housing Land Trust is a model in which the city owns land that it leases to a developer to build affordable housing.City Investment – “Yes” if the city invests funding or contributes land to an affordable development.Zoning Incentive - The city's zoning code provides incentives for developers to create affordable housing. Incentives may include the ability to build an extra floor or be subject to reduced parking requirements. “Yes” if a development receives or is expected to receive one of these incentives.Project Management - The city provides a developer and their design team a single point of contact who works across city departments to simplify the permitting process, and assists the applicants in understanding the city’s requirements to avoid possible delays. “Yes” if a development receives or is expected to receive this incentive.Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) - A federal tax credit available to some new affordable housing developments. The Idaho Housing and Finance Association is a quasi-governmental agency that administers these federal tax credits. “Yes” if a development receives or is expected to receive this incentive.CCDC Investment - The Capital City Development Corp (CCDC) is a public agency that financially supports some affordable housing development in Urban Renewal Districts. “Yes” if a development receives or is expected to receive this incentive. If “Yes” the field identifies the Urban Renewal District associated with the development.City Goal – The city has set goals to produce housing affordable to households at or below 60% of area median income, and to create permanent supportive housing for households experiencing homelessness. This field identifies whether a development contributes to one of those goals.Project Phase - The process for build a new development is as follows: First, one must receive approval from the city’s Planning Division, which is also known as being “entitled.” Next, one must apply for and receive a permit from the city’s Building Division before beginning construction. Finally, once construction is complete and all city inspections have been passed, the building can be occupied.

This dataset is an authoritative inventory of new housing units constructed in the City of Saint Paul from 2010 through the end of Q1 2025. The data originates from two sources: the City's permitting system, and from the City's records on housing affordability. The dataset helps provide a deeper understanding of trends in market rate and affordable housing production. This dataset is updated quarterly, generally by the 15th of the month following the end of each quarter.For the purposes of this dataset, the delineation of "affordable units" is tied to the construction of the new units: does the project — its development financing or the regulatory framework under which it was built — require units be affordable upon the completion of construction?
This definition of affordability does not include units that are affordable only because of a post-construction subsidy or other similar subsequent commitment to affordability, such as through the city's Rental Rehab Loan Program or 4d Affordable Housing Incentive Program. It does, however, include units that are affordable under the terms of zoning district-based density bonuses for affordability. Projects built under a zoning-based density bonus currently comprise a very small portion of the larger total, and are identified in the Notes column of the associated table.This dataset will be updated quarterly, given the manual work currently involved in bringing it up-to-date. It is the product of work over five years across three City departments.Field definitions are available below. In addition to being available for download through the Open Information website, this data is perhaps more easily accessible in an interactive Housing Production Dashboard.This data is designed under a methodology specific to the City of Saint Paul. Other government entities use the same originating permit data, but somewhat divergent methodologies, which can produce very different results. We believe this particular methodology gives the fullest and most timely depiction of housing production available. For specific details, see the "Methodologies Compared" tab at the bottom of the Housing Production Dashboard.Technical detailsThis dataset is generally designed to have one record (row) per building project that creates new units. A project may be the result of one or more building permits. In cases when a project contains both subsidized / affordable and unsubsidized / market rate units, the project is split across two records (rows).

Fields (Columns) Defined

PropertyRSN: An internal unique identifier for the address point with which the permit is associated.

Property Address: The street address at which the permit work took place.

ParcelID: The county-assigned unique identifier for the parcel on which the permit work took place.

Type of Work: The kind of work undertaken at the site. CHOICES: New · Addition · Remodel

Residence Type: What is the physical form of the dwelling units that were created under this building permit? CHOICES: 2-Family/Duplex · Mixed (Commercial/Residential) · Residential (Multi-Fam) · Single Family DwellingDwelling Unit Type: The type of financial structure tied to the new dwelling units created under this permit. CHOICES:Market Rate Unit: Units that did not receive some sort of direct public subsidy or assistance outside normal market sources.Affordable Unit: Units that contractually ensure affordability / access for those in need, at the level of 80% of Area Median Income (AMI) and below. This definition does include units that are affordable under the terms of zoning-based density bonuses, which comprise a very small portion of the overall total. This demarcation of affordable units does not include units that received financial assistance in preparing the site for redevelopment, for activities such as pollution remediation. Further, the affordability included here are only those contractually included at the closing of the development financing of the project, and does not include units restricted as affordable at a later date, such as through the City's 4(d) Affordable Housing Incentive Program, or the Rental Rehab Loan Program.

Commercial to Housing Conversion: The units shown were produced by converting formerly commercial space (including retail, commercial, institutional and industrial type uses) into residential space (including single family, duplex, 3-4 unit, multifamily and congregate-type residential uses). CHOICES:Yes: The housing units shown were converted from commercial space.No: The housing units shown were not converted from commercial space.Project Permit Issue Date: The date the first permit was issued for the project that created the new dwelling units.

Project Permit Issue Year: The year the first permit was issued for the project that created the new dwelling units.

Existing Dwelling Units: The number of dwelling units that existed just prior to the start of the project under the definition of "dwelling unit" in the International Building Code.

New Dwelling Units: The number of new dwelling units created under the building permit(s) under the definition of "dwelling unit" in the International Building Code.

Total Final Dwelling Units: The number of dwelling units existing upon completion of the associated building permit(s), under the definition of "dwelling unit" in the International Building Code.

Notes: This field contains notes on specific unique circumstances. In particular, a few building permits produced both subsidized / affordable and unsubsidized / market rate dwelling units. To make building permits in this scenario function as needed within data systems, we split such permits into two lines, one for each type of unit, and made a notation in this field to reflect that division.

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What would actually make America great: more people.

If the most challenging crisis in living memory has shown us anything, it’s that America has lost the will and the means to lead. We can’t compete with the huge population clusters of the global marketplace by keeping our population static or letting it diminish, or with our crumbling transit and unaffordable housing. The winner in the future world is going to have more—more ideas, more ambition, more utilization of resources, more people.

Exactly how many Americans do we need to win? According to Matthew Yglesias, one billion.

From one of our foremost policy writers, One Billion Americans is the provocative yet logical argument that if we aren’t moving forward, we’re losing. Vox founder Yglesias invites us to think bigger, while taking the problems of decline seriously. What really contributes to national prosperity should not be controversial: supporting parents and children, welcoming immigrants and their contributions, and exploring creative policies that support growth—like more housing, better transportation, improved education, revitalized welfare, and climate change mitigation. Drawing on examples and solutions from around the world, Yglesias shows not only that we can do this, but why we must.

Making the case for massive population growth with analytic rigor and imagination, One Billion Americans issues a radical but undeniable challenge: Why not do it all, and stay on top forever?

ISBN: 9780593290118 Published: Sep 15, 2020 By: Matthew Yglesias Read by: Matthew Yglesias

©2020 Matthew Yglesias (P)2020 Penguin Audio

This workbook provides a framework to help Multifamily Affordable Housing (MFAH) housing providers evaluate state-level policy landscapes as they relate to MFAH community solar development. By exploring which programs and policies aid in the technical and economic feasibility of MFAH solar projects, building owners can gain an understanding of where in their portfolios to begin developing solar. This workbook also walks through the steps necessary for MFAH building owners to assess their portfolios using this framework. It was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the National Community Solar Partnership (NCSP) Multifamily Affordable Housing Collaborative. Learn more about the NCSP and the Collaborative at https://www.energy.gov/communitysolar/community-solar.