In 2024, the employment-to-population ratio worldwide was estimated to be approximately ** percent, indicating that nearly ** percent of the global population above 15 years was employed. Among the provided regions, Africa had the highest employment-to-population ratio, at ** percent, with Europe and Central Asia having the lowest at ** percent. Global income growth As greater portions of the population hold stable employment over time, income has also grown globally. From 1970 until today, North America has seen the largest increase in net national incomes per capita, but this increase has occurred in other regions as well. In terms of real wages, while they have grown over time, they have experienced a slight decrease in light of the high global inflation rates. Decrease in child labor Even though greater proportions of the population are employed, child labor has decreased over time. In 2000, there were *** million children working, which has decreased to *** million by 2020. The majority of working children are in the agricultural sector, especially younger children within the 5-11 and 12-14 age groups.

In 2025, there were estimated to be approximately *** billion people employed worldwide, compared to **** billion people in 1991 - an increase of around *** billion people. There was a noticeable fall in global employment between 2019 and 2020, when the number of employed people fell from due to the sudden economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Formal vs. Informal employment globally Worldwide, there is a large gap between the informally and formally employed. Most informally employed workers reside in the Global South, especially Africa and Southeast Asia. Moreover, men are slightly more likely to be informally employed than women. The majority of informal work, nearly ** percent, is within the agricultural sector, with domestic work and construction following behind. Women’s employment As the number of employees has risen globally, so has the number of employed women. Overall, care roles such as nursing and midwifery have the highest shares of female employees globally. Moreover, while the gender pay gap has shrunk over time, it still exists. As of 2024, the uncontrolled gender pay gap was ****, meaning women made, on average, ** cents per every dollar earned by men.

This dataset provides values for EMPLOYMENT RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Since 2000, the estimated global employment-to-population ratio decreased more among youth between 15 and 24 years than among the rest of the adult population. Among the former group, the employment rate fell from ** percent in 2000 to an estimated ** percent by 2025, likely explained by an increasing number of young adults going into higher education. The estimated global employment rate in 2025 was ** percent.

Goal 8Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for allTarget 8.1: Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countriesIndicator 8.1.1: Annual growth rate of real GDP per capitaNY_GDP_PCAP: Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita (%)Target 8.2: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectorsIndicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed personSL_EMP_PCAP: Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person (%)Target 8.3: Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial servicesIndicator 8.3.1: Proportion of informal employment in total employment, by sector and sexSL_ISV_IFEM: Proportion of informal employment, by sector and sex (ILO harmonized estimates) (%)Target 8.4: Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the leadIndicator 8.4.1: Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDPEN_MAT_FTPRPG: Material footprint per unit of GDP, by type of raw material (kilograms per constant 2010 United States dollar)EN_MAT_FTPRPC: Material footprint per capita, by type of raw material (tonnes)EN_MAT_FTPRTN: Material footprint, by type of raw material (tonnes)Indicator 8.4.2: Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDPEN_MAT_DOMCMPT: Domestic material consumption, by type of raw material (tonnes)EN_MAT_DOMCMPG: Domestic material consumption per unit of GDP, by type of raw material (kilograms per constant 2010 United States dollars)EN_MAT_DOMCMPC: Domestic material consumption per capita, by type of raw material (tonnes)Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal valueIndicator 8.5.1: Average hourly earnings of employees, by sex, age, occupation and persons with disabilitiesSL_EMP_EARN: Average hourly earnings of employees by sex and occupation (local currency)Indicator 8.5.2: Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilitiesSL_TLF_UEM: Unemployment rate, by sex and age (%)SL_TLF_UEMDIS: Unemployment rate, by sex and disability (%)Target 8.6: By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or trainingIndicator 8.6.1: Proportion of youth (aged 15–24 years) not in education, employment or trainingSL_TLF_NEET: Proportion of youth not in education, employment or training, by sex and age (%)Target 8.7: Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its formsIndicator 8.7.1: Proportion and number of children aged 5–17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and ageSL_TLF_CHLDEC: Proportion of children engaged in economic activity and household chores, by sex and age (%)SL_TLF_CHLDEA: Proportion of children engaged in economic activity, by sex and age (%)Target 8.8: Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employmentIndicator 8.8.1: Fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers, by sex and migrant statusSL_EMP_FTLINJUR: Fatal occupational injuries among employees, by sex and migrant status (per 100,000 employees)SL_EMP_INJUR: Non-fatal occupational injuries among employees, by sex and migrant status (per 100,000 employees)Indicator 8.8.2: Level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant statusSL_LBR_NTLCPL: Level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislationTarget 8.9: By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and productsIndicator 8.9.1: Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rateST_GDP_ZS: Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP (%)Target 8.10: Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for allIndicator 8.10.1: (a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adultsFB_ATM_TOTL: Number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adultsFB_CBK_BRCH: Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adultsIndicator 8.10.2: Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service providerFB_BNK_ACCSS: Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a financial institution or mobile-money-service provider, by sex (% of adults aged 15 years and older)Target 8.a: Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed CountriesIndicator 8.a.1: Aid for Trade commitments and disbursementsDC_TOF_TRDCMDL: Total official flows (commitments) for Aid for Trade, by donor countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_TOF_TRDDBMDL: Total official flows (disbursement) for Aid for Trade, by donor countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_TOF_TRDDBML: Total official flows (disbursement) for Aid for Trade, by recipient countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_TOF_TRDCML: Total official flows (commitments) for Aid for Trade, by recipient countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)Target 8.b: By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour OrganizationIndicator 8.b.1: Existence of a developed and operationalized national strategy for youth employment, as a distinct strategy or as part of a national employment strategySL_CPA_YEMP: Existence of a developed and operationalized national strategy for youth employment, as a distinct strategy or as part of a national employment strategy

From 2000 to 2024, the global employment-to-population ratio decreased steadily, with a significant drop in 2020 following the COVID-19 pandemic. The ratio was estimated to reach **** percent in 2025. North America was the region with the highest employment-to-population ratio worldwide in 2023.

Employment Rate: 3 Month Moving Average: NW: Murmansk Region data was reported at 63.500 % in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 62.700 % for Dec 2024. Employment Rate: 3 Month Moving Average: NW: Murmansk Region data is updated monthly, averaging 66.300 % from Aug 2009 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 186 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 71.700 % in Aug 2014 and a record low of 60.400 % in Jul 2020. Employment Rate: 3 Month Moving Average: NW: Murmansk Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB015: Employment Rate: by Region: Three Month Moving Average. Since January 2018, the data covers the population aged 15 and above, while prior to January 2018 it used to cover the population aged 15-72.

Russia Employment: Full Time: Period Average data was reported at 71,746.200 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 68,430.000 Person th for 2016. Russia Employment: Full Time: Period Average data is updated yearly, averaging 67,577.000 Person th from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73,848.000 Person th in 1991 and a record low of 63,683.000 Person th in 1998. Russia Employment: Full Time: Period Average data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GB021: Employment: by Activity: Annual. Year-average employment is calculated on the basis of people's main job. Data are provided by enterprises, sample population labour survey, government authorities. Working foreign citizens (with permanent and temporary stay) are included in year-average employment Данные о среднегодовой численности занятых в экономике формируются по основной работе гражданского населения один раз в год при составлении баланса трудовых ресурсов на основе сведений организаций, материалов выборочного обследования населения по проблемам занятости, данных органов исполнительной власти. В среднегодовую численность занятых включаются работающие иностранные граждане, как постоянно проживающие, так и временно находящиеся на территории Российской Федерации

United States US: Employment To Population Ratio: National Estimate: Aged 15-24 data was reported at 50.340 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 49.410 % for 2016. United States US: Employment To Population Ratio: National Estimate: Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 54.810 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 61.150 % in 1989 and a record low of 45.000 % in 2010. United States US: Employment To Population Ratio: National Estimate: Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Employment and Unemployment. Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Employment is defined as persons of working age who, during a short reference period, were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period (i.e. who worked in a job for at least one hour) or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangements. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in November 2017.; Weighted Average; The series for ILO estimates is also available in the WDI database. Caution should be used when comparing ILO estimates with national estimates.

This dataset contains the share of employment in manufacturing for 126 countries from the 1950s to 2022. The data provides a truly global and historical perspective on the importance of manufacturing and potential deindustrialisation trends. Data is combined from the ILOSTAT database and the GGDC-10 sector database, 2014 release. The database contains a total of 126 countries; 4,810 observations, with an average of 38 observations per country, a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 75 observations. In a broad sense, the data covers 9 main regions. 30% of the dataset consists of European economies, 20% of Asia, 20% of Latin America and 15% of Africa, with the remainder being China, North America, Australia and New Zealand, island economies and other economies.

The average for 2024 based on 176 countries was 60.63 percent. The highest value was in Qatar: 87.47 percent and the lowest value was in Sao Tome and Principe: 23.54 percent. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: SB: Irkutsk Region data was reported at 1,105.100 Person th in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,129.800 Person th for Dec 2024. Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: SB: Irkutsk Region data is updated monthly, averaging 1,124.000 Person th from Aug 2009 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 186 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,248.200 Person th in Sep 2012 and a record low of 1,032.600 Person th in May 2020. Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: SB: Irkutsk Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB017: Employment: by Region: Three Month Moving Average. Since January 2018, the data covers the population aged 15 and above, while prior to January 2018 it used to cover the population aged 15-72.

The adult employment-to-population in 2022 was higher in Iceland than any other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country, at 83.3 percent. The Netherlands ranked second with nearly 82 percent. On the other hand, it was lowest in Türkiye. The average for the entire bloc was 67.8. The employment-to-population ratio is a valuable addition to the unemployment rate because it includes the entire adult population, whereas the unemployment rate only considers those who are working or actively seeking a job, that is, only the workforce.

Vietnam: Informal employment, percent of total employment: The latest value from 2020 is 67 percent, a decline from 67.3 percent in 2019. In comparison, the world average is 47.30 percent, based on data from 26 countries. Historically, the average for Vietnam from 2007 to 2020 is 74.85 percent. The minimum value, 67 percent, was reached in 2020 while the maximum of 81.9 percent was recorded in 2007.

Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: CF: Kostroma Region data was reported at 268.000 Person th in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 264.300 Person th for Dec 2024. Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: CF: Kostroma Region data is updated monthly, averaging 306.350 Person th from Aug 2009 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 186 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 362.400 Person th in Jun 2012 and a record low of 261.300 Person th in Jul 2023. Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: CF: Kostroma Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB017: Employment: by Region: Three Month Moving Average. Since January 2018, the data covers the population aged 15 and above, while prior to January 2018 it used to cover the population aged 15-72.

Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: FE: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) data was reported at 506.100 Person th in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 505.600 Person th for Dec 2024. Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: FE: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) data is updated monthly, averaging 465.200 Person th from Aug 2009 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 186 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 506.700 Person th in Sep 2024 and a record low of 426.300 Person th in Mar 2011. Employment: 3 Month Moving Average: FE: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB017: Employment: by Region: Three Month Moving Average. Since January 2018, the data covers the population aged 15 and above, while prior to January 2018 it used to cover the population aged 15-72.

The average for 2024 based on 176 countries was 51.13 percent. The highest value was in Madagascar: 82.56 percent and the lowest value was in Yemen: 4.91 percent. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Turkey: Informal employment, percent of total employment: The latest value from 2020 is 31.4 percent, a decline from 35.2 percent in 2019. In comparison, the world average is 47.30 percent, based on data from 26 countries. Historically, the average for Turkey from 2000 to 2020 is 44.18 percent. The minimum value, 31.4 percent, was reached in 2020 while the maximum of 56.4 percent was recorded in 2005.

The average for 2025 based on 101 countries was 6.64 percent. The highest value was in Sudan: 61.99 percent and the lowest value was in Thailand: 1 percent. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2030. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Georgia: Informal employment, percent of total employment: The latest value from 2020 is 39.7 percent, a decline from 51.3 percent in 2019. In comparison, the world average is 47.30 percent, based on data from 26 countries. Historically, the average for Georgia from 2019 to 2020 is 45.5 percent. The minimum value, 39.7 percent, was reached in 2020 while the maximum of 51.3 percent was recorded in 2019.