Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Paktya, Ghazni, Ghor, Hilmand, Hirat, Nangarhar, Jawzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Wardak, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika, Panjsher, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e-pul, Takhar, Uruzgan, Zabul, Market Average, Armavir, Ararat, Aragatsotn, Tavush, Gegharkunik, Shirak, Kotayk, Syunik, Lori, Vayotz Dzor, Yerevan, Kayanza, Ruyigi, Bubanza, Karuzi, Bujumbura Mairie, Muramvya, Gitega, Rumonge, Bururi, Kirundo, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Muyinga, Rutana, Bujumbura Rural, Makamba, Ngozi, Mwaro, SAHEL, CASCADES, SUD-OUEST, EST, BOUCLE DU MOUHOUN, CENTRE-NORD, PLATEAU-CENTRAL, HAUTS-BASSINS, CENTRE, NORD, CENTRE-SUD, CENTRE-OUEST, CENTRE-EST, Khulna, Chittagong, Barisal, Rajshahi, Dhaka, Rangpur, Sylhet, Mymensingh, Ouaka, Mbomou, Bangui, Nana-Mambéré, Ouham, Sangha-Mbaéré, Ombella M'Poko, Mambéré-Kadéï, Vakaga, Ouham Pendé, Lobaye, Haute-Kotto, Kémo, Nana-Gribizi, Bamingui-Bangoran, Haut-Mbomou, Nord, Extrême-Nord, Ouest, Nord-Ouest, Adamaoua, Sud-Ouest, Est, Littoral, Centre, Haut-Uele, Nord-Kivu, Ituri, Tshopo, Kwilu, Kasai, Sud-Kivu, Kongo-Central, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi, Kasai-Central, Bas-Uele, Tanganyika, Lualaba, Kasai-Oriental, Kwango, Haut-Lomami, Haut-Katanga, Maniema, Kinshasa, Equateur, Lomami, Likouala, Brazzaville, Point-Noire, Pool, Bouenza, Cuvette, Lekoumou, Nzerekore, Boke, Kindia, Kankan, Faranah, Mamou, Labe, Kanifing Municipal Council, Central River, Upper River, West Coast, North Bank, Lower River, Bafata, Tombali, Cacheu, Sector Autonomo De Bissau, Biombo, Oio, Gabu, Bolama, Quinara, North, South, Artibonite, South-East, Grande'Anse, North-East, West, North-West, SULAWESI UTARA, SUMATERA UTARA, KALIMANTAN UTARA, JAWA BARAT, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR, SULAWESI SELATAN, JAMBI, JAWA TIMUR, KALIMANTAN SELATAN, BALI, BANTEN, JAWA TENGAH, RIAU, SUMATERA BARAT, KEPULAUAN RIAU, PAPUA, SULAWESI BARAT, BENGKULU, MALUKU UTARA, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA, KALIMANTAN BARAT, KALIMANTAN TENGAH, PAPUA BARAT, SUMATERA SELATAN, MALUKU, KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG, ACEH, DKI JAKARTA, SULAWESI TENGGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR, LAMPUNG, GORONTALO, SULAWESI TENGAH, Anbar, Babil, Baghdad, Basrah, Diyala, Dahuk, Erbil, Ninewa, Kerbala, Kirkuk, Missan, Muthanna, Najaf, Qadissiya, Salah al-Din, Sulaymaniyah, Thi-Qar, Wassit, Coast, North Eastern, Nairobi, Rift Valley, , Eastern, Central, Nyanza, Attapeu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasack, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangphabang, Louangnamtha, Oudomxai, Phongsaly, Salavan, Savannakhet, Sekong, Vientiane Capital, Vientiane, Xaignabouly, Xiengkhouang, Akkar, Mount Lebanon, Baalbek-El Hermel, Beirut, Bekaa, El Nabatieh, Nimba, Grand Kru, Grand Cape Mount, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Rivercess, Montserrado, River Gee, Lofa, Bomi, Bong, Sinoe, Maryland, Margibi, Grand Gedeh, East, North Central, Uva, Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Northern, North Western, Kidal, Gao, Tombouctou, Bamako, Kayes, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Yangon, Rakhine, Shan (North), Kayin, Kachin, Shan (South), Mon, Tanintharyi, Mandalay, Kayah, Shan (East), Chin, Magway, Sagaing, Zambezia, Cabo_Delgado, Tete, Manica, Sofala, Maputo, Gaza, Niassa, Inhambane, Maputo City, Nampula, Hodh Ech Chargi, Hodh El Gharbi, Brakna, Adrar, Assaba, Guidimakha, Gorgol, Trarza, Tagant, Dakhlet-Nouadhibou, Nouakchott, Tiris-Zemmour, Central Region, Southern Region, Northern Region, Tillaberi, Tahoua, Agadez, Zinder, Dosso, Niamey, Maradi, Diffa, Abia, Borno, Yobe, Katsina, Kano, Kaduna, Gombe, Jigawa, Kebbi, Oyo, Sokoto, Zamfara, Lagos, Adamawa, Cordillera Administrative region, Region XIII, Region VI, Region V, Region III, Autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao, Region IV-A, Region VIII, Region VII, Region X, Region II, Region IV-B, Region XII, Region XI, Region I, National Capital region, Region IX, North Darfur, Blue Nile, Nile, Eastern Darfur, West Kordofan, Gedaref, West Darfur, North Kordofan, South Kordofan, Kassala, Khartoum, White Nile, South Darfur, Red Sea, Sennar, Al Gezira, Central Darfur, Tambacounda, Diourbel, Ziguinchor, Kaffrine, Dakar, Saint Louis, Fatick, Kolda, Louga, Kaolack, Kedougou, Matam, Thies, Sedhiou, Shabelle Hoose, Juba Hoose, Bay, Banadir, Shabelle Dhexe, Gedo, Hiraan, Woqooyi Galbeed, Awdal, Bari, Juba Dhexe, Togdheer, Nugaal, Galgaduud, Bakool, Sanaag, Mudug, Sool, Warrap, Unity, Jonglei, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile, Eastern Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria, Lakes, Aleppo, Dar'a, Quneitra, Homs, Deir-ez-Zor, Damascus, Ar-Raqqa, Al-Hasakeh, Hama, As-Sweida, Rural Damascus, Tartous, Idleb, Lattakia, Ouaddai, Salamat, Wadi Fira, Sila, Ennedi Est, Batha, Tibesti, Logone Oriental, Logone Occidental, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Lac, Mayo Kebbi Est, Chari Baguirmi, Ennedi Ouest, Borkou, Tandjile, Mandoul, Moyen Chari, Mayo Kebbi Ouest, Kanem, Barh El Gazal, Ndjaména, Al Dhale'e, Aden, Al Bayda, Al Maharah, Lahj, Al Jawf, Raymah, Al Hudaydah, Hajjah, Amran, Shabwah, Dhamar, Ibb, Sana'a, Al Mahwit, Marib, Hadramaut, Sa'ada, Amanat Al Asimah, Socotra, Taizz, Abyan

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Ouaddai, Salamat, Wadi Fira, Sila, Ennedi Est, Batha, Tibesti, Logone Oriental, Logone Occidental, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Lac, Mayo Kebbi Est, Chari Baguirmi, Ennedi Ouest, Borkou, Tandjile, Mandoul, Moyen Chari, Mayo Kebbi Ouest, Kanem, Barh El Gazal, Ndjaména, Market Average

BR: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data was reported at 4.994 USD/BRL in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.164 USD/BRL for 2022. BR: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.001 USD/BRL from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.394 USD/BRL in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 USD/BRL in 1988. BR: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, supplemented by World Bank staff estimates.;;In the WDI database, the DEC alternative conversion factor is used to convert data in local currency units (LCU) into U.S. dollars.

Indonesia Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 16,466.999 USD/IDR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,856.567 USD/IDR for 2024. Indonesia Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 9,319.032 USD/IDR from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,466.999 USD/IDR in 2025 and a record low of 1,640.844 USD/IDR in 1987. Indonesia Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

Bosnia and Herzegovina Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 1.810 USD/BAM in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.808 USD/BAM for 2024. Bosnia and Herzegovina Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 1.689 USD/BAM from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2025, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.173 USD/BAM in 2001 and a record low of 0.014 USD/BAM in 1995. Bosnia and Herzegovina Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bosnia and Herzegovina – Table BA.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Attapeu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasack, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangphabang, Louangnamtha, Oudomxai, Phongsaly, Salavan, Savannakhet, Sekong, Vientiane Capital, Vientiane, Xaignabouly, Xiengkhouang, Market Average

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Aleppo, Dar'a, Quneitra, Homs, Deir-ez-Zor, Damascus, Ar-Raqqa, Al-Hasakeh, Hama, As-Sweida, Rural Damascus, Tartous, Idleb, Lattakia, Market Average

Libya LY: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data was reported at 1.385 LYD/USD in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.389 LYD/USD for 2016. Libya LY: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.357 LYD/USD from Dec 1965 (Median) to 2017, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.389 LYD/USD in 2016 and a record low of 0.281 LYD/USD in 1991. Libya LY: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Libya – Table LY.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, supplemented by World Bank staff estimates.; ; In the WDI database, the DEC alternative conversion factor is used to convert data in local currency units (LCU) into U.S. dollars.

Real effective exchange rate index (2010 = 100) in Venezuela was reported at 742 % in 2016, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Venezuela - Real effective exchange rate index (2000 = 100) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Iran IR: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data was reported at 106.495 2010=100 in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 105.841 2010=100 for 2016. Iran IR: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data is updated yearly, averaging 136.856 2010=100 from Dec 1973 (Median) to 2017, with 45 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 397.238 2010=100 in 1984 and a record low of 51.014 2010=100 in 1993. Iran IR: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iran – Table IR.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

NA: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data was reported at 13.313 NAD/USD in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.709 NAD/USD for 2016. NA: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 2.605 NAD/USD from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.709 NAD/USD in 2016 and a record low of 0.679 NAD/USD in 1974. NA: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Namibia – Table NA.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, supplemented by World Bank staff estimates.; ; In the WDI database, the DEC alternative conversion factor is used to convert data in local currency units (LCU) into U.S. dollars.

BD: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data was reported at 102.668 USD/BDT in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 86.317 USD/BDT for 2022. BD: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 36.700 USD/BDT from Jun 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102.668 USD/BDT in 2023 and a record low of 4.800 USD/BDT in 1971. BD: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bangladesh – Table BD.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, supplemented by World Bank staff estimates.;;In the WDI database, the DEC alternative conversion factor is used to convert data in local currency units (LCU) into U.S. dollars.

Kenya KE: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data was reported at 103.374 KES/USD in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.504 KES/USD for 2016. Kenya KE: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 19.160 KES/USD from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 103.374 KES/USD in 2017 and a record low of 7.001 KES/USD in 1973. Kenya KE: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kenya – Table KE.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

The data is exported from OECD and World Bank databases and put in an appropriate order to run the analysis for the research. The research hypothesis was that exchange rates indirectly affect the foreign trade. To establish empirical results, regression analysis was run on SPSS using this data in which devaluation and inflation rates can be found. Devaluation tab on the data is calculated using Excel formulas on the exchange rate data exported.

CM: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data was reported at 606.570 USD/XAF in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 623.760 USD/XAF for 2022. CM: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 409.011 USD/XAF from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 732.398 USD/XAF in 2001 and a record low of 211.280 USD/XAF in 1980. CM: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cameroon – Table CM.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, supplemented by World Bank staff estimates.;;In the WDI database, the DEC alternative conversion factor is used to convert data in local currency units (LCU) into U.S. dollars.

Real Effective Exchange Rate in Israel was reported at 106 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Israel - Real Effective Exchange Rate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Akkar, Mount Lebanon, Baalbek-El Hermel, North, Beirut, Bekaa, El Nabatieh, South, Market Average

Real effective exchange rate index (2010 = 100) in Sierra Leone was reported at 113 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Sierra Leone - Real effective exchange rate index (2000 = 100) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Real Effective Exchange Rate in Argentina was reported at 133 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Argentina - Real Effective Exchange Rate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

India Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 85.987 USD/INR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 83.669 USD/INR for 2024. India Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 45.732 USD/INR from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.987 USD/INR in 2025 and a record low of 12.949 USD/INR in 1987. India Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).