Goal 3Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesTarget 3.1: By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live birthsIndicator 3.1.1: Maternal mortality ratioSH_STA_MORT: Maternal mortality ratioIndicator 3.1.2: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnelSH_STA_BRTC: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%)Target 3.2: By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live birthsIndicator 3.2.1: Under-5 mortality rateSH_DYN_IMRTN: Infant deaths (number)SH_DYN_MORT: Under-five mortality rate, by sex (deaths per 1,000 live births)SH_DYN_IMRT: Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)SH_DYN_MORTN: Under-five deaths (number)Indicator 3.2.2: Neonatal mortality rateSH_DYN_NMRTN: Neonatal deaths (number)SH_DYN_NMRT: Neonatal mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)Target 3.3: By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseasesIndicator 3.3.1: Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populationsSH_HIV_INCD: Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex and age (per 1,000 uninfected population)Indicator 3.3.2: Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 populationSH_TBS_INCD: Tuberculosis incidence (per 100,000 population)Indicator 3.3.3: Malaria incidence per 1,000 populationSH_STA_MALR: Malaria incidence per 1,000 population at risk (per 1,000 population)Indicator 3.3.4: Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 populationSH_HAP_HBSAG: Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (%)Indicator 3.3.5: Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseasesSH_TRP_INTVN: Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases (number)Target 3.4: By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-beingIndicator 3.4.1: Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseaseSH_DTH_NCOM: Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease (probability)SH_DTH_NCD: Number of deaths attributed to non-communicable diseases, by type of disease and sex (number)Indicator 3.4.2: Suicide mortality rateSH_STA_SCIDE: Suicide mortality rate, by sex (deaths per 100,000 population)SH_STA_SCIDEN: Number of deaths attributed to suicide, by sex (number)Target 3.5: Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcoholIndicator 3.5.1: Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disordersSH_SUD_ALCOL: Alcohol use disorders, 12-month prevalence (%)SH_SUD_TREAT: Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders (%)Indicator 3.5.2: Alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year in litres of pure alcoholSH_ALC_CONSPT: Alcohol consumption per capita (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year (litres of pure alcohol)Target 3.6: By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidentsIndicator 3.6.1: Death rate due to road traffic injuriesSH_STA_TRAF: Death rate due to road traffic injuries, by sex (per 100,000 population)Target 3.7: By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmesIndicator 3.7.1: Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15–49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methodsSH_FPL_MTMM: Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods (% of women aged 15-49 years)Indicator 3.7.2: Adolescent birth rate (aged 10–14 years; aged 15–19 years) per 1,000 women in that age groupSP_DYN_ADKL: Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years)Target 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for allIndicator 3.8.1: Coverage of essential health servicesSH_ACS_UNHC: Universal health coverage (UHC) service coverage indexIndicator 3.8.2: Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or incomeSH_XPD_EARN25: Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health (greater than 25%) as a share of total household expenditure or income (%)SH_XPD_EARN10: Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health (greater than 10%) as a share of total household expenditure or income (%)Target 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contaminationIndicator 3.9.1: Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollutionSH_HAP_ASMORT: Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to household air pollution (deaths per 100,000 population)SH_STA_AIRP: Crude death rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (deaths per 100,000 population)SH_STA_ASAIRP: Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (deaths per 100,000 population)SH_AAP_MORT: Crude death rate attributed to ambient air pollution (deaths per 100,000 population)SH_AAP_ASMORT: Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to ambient air pollution (deaths per 100,000 population)SH_HAP_MORT: Crude death rate attributed to household air pollution (deaths per 100,000 population)Indicator 3.9.2: Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)SH_STA_WASH: Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (deaths per 100,000 population)Indicator 3.9.3: Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoningSH_STA_POISN: Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisonings, by sex (deaths per 100,000 population)Target 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriateIndicator 3.a.1: Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and olderSH_PRV_SMOK: Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older, by sex (%)Target 3.b: Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for allIndicator 3.b.1: Proportion of the target population covered by all vaccines included in their national programmeSH_ACS_DTP3: Proportion of the target population with access to 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) (%)SH_ACS_MCV2: Proportion of the target population with access to measles-containing-vaccine second-dose (MCV2) (%)SH_ACS_PCV3: Proportion of the target population with access to pneumococcal conjugate 3rd dose (PCV3) (%)SH_ACS_HPV: Proportion of the target population with access to affordable medicines and vaccines on a sustainable basis, human papillomavirus (HPV) (%)Indicator 3.b.2: Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health sectorsDC_TOF_HLTHNT: Total official development assistance to medical research and basic heath sectors, net disbursement, by recipient countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_TOF_HLTHL: Total official development assistance to medical research and basic heath sectors, gross disbursement, by recipient countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)Indicator 3.b.3: Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basisSH_HLF_EMED: Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis (%)Target 3.c: Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing StatesIndicator 3.c.1: Health worker density and distributionSH_MED_DEN: Health worker density, by type of occupation (per 10,000 population)SH_MED_HWRKDIS: Health worker distribution, by sex and type of occupation (%)Target 3.d: Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risksIndicator 3.d.1: International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparednessSH_IHR_CAPS: International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity, by type of IHR capacity (%)Indicator 3.d.2: Percentage of bloodstream infections due to selected antimicrobial-resistant organismsiSH_BLD_MRSA: Percentage of bloodstream infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among patients seeking care and whose

Animal Population Control Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global animal population control market size in 2024 stands at USD 2.47 billion, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8% projected through the forecast period. By 2033, the market is expected to reach a value of USD 4.84 billion, reflecting the growing emphasis on animal welfare, public health, and sustainable management practices. The primary growth factor driving this market is the increasing awareness among governments and animal welfare organizations regarding the adverse effects of uncontrolled animal populations, including zoonotic disease transmission, ecological imbalance, and public safety concerns.

One of the most significant growth drivers for the animal population control market is the heightened focus on public health and zoonotic disease prevention. As urbanization accelerates and human-animal interactions become more frequent, the risk of disease transmission from stray and wild animals to humans has increased. Governments and health agencies worldwide are investing heavily in animal birth control programs, vaccination campaigns, and sterilization initiatives to mitigate the spread of diseases such as rabies, leptospirosis, and other zoonoses. These efforts are further bolstered by international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), which advocate for humane and effective animal population management as a critical component of global health security. The integration of advanced sterilization techniques, including non-surgical and chemical methods, has also expanded the toolkit available to veterinarians and animal welfare professionals, making population control more accessible and efficient.

Another pivotal factor fueling the expansion of the animal population control market is the increasing involvement of animal welfare organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). These entities play a crucial role in implementing on-ground sterilization drives, awareness campaigns, and rescue operations, especially in regions with high stray animal populations. Their collaborations with local governments, veterinary clinics, and international donors have led to the development of sustainable and scalable population control programs. Additionally, the rising trend of pet adoption and responsible pet ownership in developed and emerging economies has amplified the demand for sterilization and contraceptive solutions for companion animals. This shift in societal attitudes towards animal welfare is not only driving market growth but also encouraging innovation in non-invasive and reversible contraception methods, which are gaining traction due to their ethical and practical benefits.

Technological advancements and regulatory support have also played a significant role in shaping the animal population control market. Innovations in non-surgical sterilization, such as immunocontraceptives and chemical sterilants, are providing safer and more cost-effective alternatives to traditional surgical procedures. Regulatory agencies in several countries are streamlining approval processes for new contraceptive products, recognizing their potential to address overpopulation humanely and efficiently. Furthermore, the integration of digital technologies for tracking, monitoring, and managing animal populations is enhancing the effectiveness of control programs. These technological developments, coupled with favorable government policies and funding, are expected to sustain the market's upward trajectory throughout the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the animal population control market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and the Asia Pacific. The United States, in particular, has set benchmarks with its extensive spay/neuter programs, robust regulatory framework, and active participation from animal welfare organizations. Europe is witnessing steady growth, driven by stringent animal welfare laws and increasing public awareness. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, fueled by rapid urbanization, rising stray animal populations, and government initiatives to curb zoonotic diseases. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising potential, with increasing investments in animal health infrastructure and population control measures. These regional dynamics hi

Totals may be slightly different due to rounding. Region-specific estimates are given to 3 d.p. due to some small numbers of infected individuals, but this level of accuracy is unlikely to be supported by the model.Global and regional estimates of the number of existing (prevalent) cases of genital HSV-1 infection among 15–49 year olds in 2012 by age and sex, in millions (percentage of population with prevalent infection shown in parentheses), as a function of the assumed proportion of incident HSV-1 infections in this age group that are genital.

Context

Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations. Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses. 58% of US community hospitals are non-profit, 21% are government owned, and 21% are for-profit. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on healthcare per capita ($9,403), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.1%), than any other nation in 2014. Many different datasets are needed to portray different aspects of healthcare in US like disease prevalences, pharmaceuticals and drugs, Nutritional data of different food products available in US. Such data is collected by surveys (or otherwise) conducted by Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Foods and Drugs Administration, Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). These datasets can be used to properly review demographics and diseases, determining start ratings of healthcare providers, different drugs and their compositions as well as package informations for different diseases and for food quality. We often want such information and finding and scraping such data can be a huge hurdle. So, Here an attempt is made to make available all US healthcare data at one place to download from in csv files.

Content

• Nhanes Survey (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) - The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. The survey is unique in that it combines interviews and physical examinations. NHANES is a major program of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). NCHS is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and has the responsibility for producing vital and health statistics for the Nation. The NHANES interview includes demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and health-related questions. The examination component consists of medical, dental, and physiological measurements, as well as laboratory tests administered by highly trained medical personnel. The diseases, medical conditions, and health indicators to be studied include: Anemia, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Environmental exposures, Eye diseases, Hearing loss, Infectious diseases, Kidney disease, Nutrition, Obesity, Oral health, Osteoporosis, Physical fitness and physical functioning, Reproductive history and sexual behavior, Respiratory disease (asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema), Sexually transmitted diseases, Vision. 10000 individuals are surveyed to represent US statistics. Five files in this datasets represent current recent Nhanes data -
  Nhanes_2005_2006.csv
  Nhanes_2007_2008.csv
  Nhanes_2009_2010.csv
  Nhanes_2011_2012.csv
  Nhanes_2013_2014.csv
  
  • Data fields' description -
    • Nhanes_2005_2006.csv - Demographic, Dietary, Examinations, Laboratory
    • Nhanes_2007_2008.csv - Demographic, Dietary, Examinations, Laboratory
    • Nhanes_2009_2010.csv - Demographic, Dietary, Examinations, Laboratory
    • Nhanes_2011_2012.csv - Demographic, Dietary, [Examinations](http://https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/search/variab...

Abstract

In order to develop various methods of comparable data collection on health and health system responsiveness WHO started a scientific survey study in 2000-2001. This study has used a common survey instrument in nationally representative populations with modular structure for assessing health of indviduals in various domains, health system responsiveness, household health care expenditures, and additional modules in other areas such as adult mortality and health state valuations.

The health module of the survey instrument was based on selected domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and was developed after a rigorous scientific review of various existing assessment instruments. The responsiveness module has been the result of ongoing work over the last 2 years that has involved international consultations with experts and key informants and has been informed by the scientific literature and pilot studies.

Questions on household expenditure and proportionate expenditure on health have been borrowed from existing surveys. The survey instrument has been developed in multiple languages using cognitive interviews and cultural applicability tests, stringent psychometric tests for reliability (i.e. test-retest reliability to demonstrate the stability of application) and most importantly, utilizing novel psychometric techniques for cross-population comparability.

The study was carried out in 61 countries completing 71 surveys because two different modes were intentionally used for comparison purposes in 10 countries. Surveys were conducted in different modes of in- person household 90 minute interviews in 14 countries; brief face-to-face interviews in 27 countries and computerized telephone interviews in 2 countries; and postal surveys in 28 countries. All samples were selected from nationally representative sampling frames with a known probability so as to make estimates based on general population parameters.

The survey study tested novel techniques to control the reporting bias between different groups of people in different cultures or demographic groups ( i.e. differential item functioning) so as to produce comparable estimates across cultures and groups. To achieve comparability, the selfreports of individuals of their own health were calibrated against well-known performance tests (i.e. self-report vision was measured against standard Snellen's visual acuity test) or against short descriptions in vignettes that marked known anchor points of difficulty (e.g. people with different levels of mobility such as a paraplegic person or an athlete who runs 4 km each day) so as to adjust the responses for comparability . The same method was also used for self-reports of individuals assessing responsiveness of their health systems where vignettes on different responsiveness domains describing different levels of responsiveness were used to calibrate the individual responses.

This data are useful in their own right to standardize indicators for different domains of health (such as cognition, mobility, self care, affect, usual activities, pain, social participation, etc.) but also provide a better measurement basis for assessing health of the populations in a comparable manner. The data from the surveys can be fed into composite measures such as "Healthy Life Expectancy" and improve the empirical data input for health information systems in different regions of the world. Data from the surveys were also useful to improve the measurement of the responsiveness of different health systems to the legitimate expectations of the population.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The metropolitan, urban and rural population and all .administrative regional units. as defined in Official Europe Union Statistics (NUTS 2) covered proportionately the respective population aged 18 and above. The country was divided into an appropriate number of areas, grouping NUTS regions at whatever level appropriately. The NUTS covered in Sweden were the following; Stockholm/Södertäjle A-Region, Gothenburgs A-Region, Malmö/Lund/Trelleborgs A-region, Semi urban area, Rural area.

The basic sample design was a multi-stage, random probability sample. 100 sampling points were drawn with probability proportional to population size, for a total coverage of the country. The sampling points were drawn after stratification by NUTS 2 region and by degree of urbanisation. They represented the whole territory of the country surveyed and are selected proportionally to the distribution of the population in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, one address was drawn at random. This starting address forms the first address of a cluster of a maximum of 20 addresses. The remainder of the cluster was selected as every Nth address by standard random route procedure from the initial address. In theory, there is no maximum number of addresses issued per country. Procedures for random household selection and random respondent selection are independent of the interviewer.s decision and controlled by the institute responsible. They should be as identical as possible from to country, full functional equivalence being a must.

At every address up to 4 recalls were made to attempt to achieve an interview with the selected respondent. There was only one interview per household. The final sample size is 1,000 completed interviews.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Data Coding At each site the data was coded by investigators to indicate the respondent status and the selection of the modules for each respondent within the survey design. After the interview was edited by the supervisor and considered adequate it was entered locally.

Data Entry Program A data entry program was developed in WHO specifically for the survey study and provided to the sites. It was developed using a database program called the I-Shell (short for Interview Shell), a tool designed for easy development of computerized questionnaires and data entry (34). This program allows for easy data cleaning and processing.

The data entry program checked for inconsistencies and validated the entries in each field by checking for valid response categories and range checks. For example, the program didn’t accept an age greater than 120. For almost all of the variables there existed a range or a list of possible values that the program checked for.

In addition, the data was entered twice to capture other data entry errors. The data entry program was able to warn the user whenever a value that did not match the first entry was entered at the second data entry. In this case the program asked the user to resolve the conflict by choosing either the 1st or the 2nd data entry value to be able to continue. After the second data entry was completed successfully, the data entry program placed a mark in the database in order to enable the checking of whether this process had been completed for each and every case.

Data Transfer The data entry program was capable of exporting the data that was entered into one compressed database file which could be easily sent to WHO using email attachments or a file transfer program onto a secure server no matter how many cases were in the file. The sites were allowed the use of as many computers and as many data entry personnel as they wanted. Each computer used for this purpose produced one file and they were merged once they were delivered to WHO with the help of other programs that were built for automating the process. The sites sent the data periodically as they collected it enabling the checking procedures and preliminary analyses in the early stages of the data collection.

Data quality checks Once the data was received it was analyzed for missing information, invalid responses and representativeness. Inconsistencies were also noted and reported back to sites.

Data Cleaning and Feedback After receipt of cleaned data from sites, another program was run to check for missing information, incorrect information (e.g. wrong use of center codes), duplicated data, etc. The output of this program was fed back to sites regularly. Mainly, this consisted of cases with duplicate IDs, duplicate cases (where the data for two respondents with different IDs were identical), wrong country codes, missing age, sex, education and some other important variables.

Totals may be slightly different due to rounding. Sex-specific estimates for Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and Western Pacific were generated by applying modelled incidence, calibrated without stratification by sex, to sex-specific population sizes. Region-specific estimates are given to 3 d.p. due to some small numbers of infected individuals, but this level of accuracy is unlikely to be supported by the model.Global and regional estimates of the number of new (incident) cases of HSV-1 infection in 2012 by age and sex, in millions (percentage of population with incident infection shown in parentheses).

Social Determinants of Health Data Platforms Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) Data Platforms market size reached USD 3.2 billion in 2024. The market is expected to grow at a robust CAGR of 18.7% during the forecast period, reaching a projected value of USD 15.1 billion by 2033. This significant growth is primarily driven by the increasing recognition of how non-clinical factors—such as economic stability, education, neighborhood, and social context—profoundly impact health outcomes and healthcare costs worldwide.

One of the most compelling growth factors for the Social Determinants of Health Data Platforms market is the intensifying focus on value-based care and population health management among healthcare stakeholders. As healthcare systems globally transition from traditional fee-for-service models to value-based care, there is a growing need to incorporate SDOH data into clinical workflows, risk stratification, and care coordination. Payers, providers, and government agencies are investing in platforms that aggregate, analyze, and operationalize diverse data sources, including demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. This integration enables healthcare organizations to identify at-risk populations, personalize interventions, and ultimately reduce costly health disparities, fueling substantial market demand.

Another pivotal driver is the expanding regulatory and policy support for addressing social determinants in healthcare delivery. Government agencies, especially in North America and Europe, are enacting mandates and incentives to encourage the collection and utilization of SDOH data. For instance, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) in the United States has introduced new requirements and payment models that reward the integration of social risk factors into patient assessments and care planning. Similarly, the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international bodies are emphasizing the importance of SDOH in achieving equitable health outcomes. These regulatory tailwinds are prompting healthcare organizations to adopt advanced SDOH data platforms, further accelerating market growth.

Technological advancements in data analytics, artificial intelligence, and interoperability are also propelling the Social Determinants of Health Data Platforms market forward. Modern SDOH data platforms leverage machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics to derive actionable insights from vast, complex datasets. Enhanced interoperability standards, such as FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources), are making it easier to integrate SDOH data with electronic health records (EHRs) and other health IT systems. These innovations are not only improving the accuracy and timeliness of SDOH data capture but also enabling real-time decision support for clinicians and care managers. As a result, healthcare organizations are increasingly deploying sophisticated SDOH data platforms to gain a competitive edge and improve patient outcomes.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the Social Determinants of Health Data Platforms market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed by Europe and the Asia Pacific. The United States, in particular, is at the forefront due to its advanced healthcare IT infrastructure, proactive regulatory environment, and substantial investments in population health initiatives. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to register the fastest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by rising healthcare digitization, growing awareness of health disparities, and supportive government policies. Europe is also witnessing steady growth, bolstered by cross-border health data initiatives and strong public health systems. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually emerging as promising markets as healthcare modernization efforts gain momentum.

The integration of Social Determinants of Health Analytics AI is becoming increasingly vital in the healthcare industry. By leveraging artificial intelligence, healthcare providers can analyze vast amounts of SDOH data to uncover patterns and insights that were previously unattainable. AI-driven analytics enable the identification of at-risk populations more accurately and efficiently

Context

From World Health Organization - On 31 December 2019, WHO was alerted to several cases of pneumonia in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. The virus did not match any other known virus. This raised concern because when a virus is new, we do not know how it affects people.

So daily level information on the affected people can give some interesting insights when it is made available to the broader data science community.

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control released historical data (to 14 December 2020) on the daily number of new reported COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide.

Content

The attributes of the dataset are the following: 1) dateRep: Date of the report

2) year_week: Week of the year

3) cases_weekly: Number of cases during the week

4) deaths_weekly: Number of deaths during the week

5) countriesAndTerritories: Country/Territory where the data was reported

6) geoId: Country/Territory id

7) countryterritoryCode: Country/Territory code

8) popData2019: Population data of the Country/Territory in 2019

9) continentExp: Continent of the Country/Territory

10) notification_rate_per_100000_population_14-days: 14-day cumulative number of reported COVID-19 cases per 100 000 population

Disclaimer: Population data in the database is taken from Eurostat for Europe and the World Bank for the rest of the world. Disclaimer: Countries that are not listed in these databases have reported no cases to WHO and no cases were identified in the public domain. The formula to calculate the 14-day cumulative number of reported COVID-19 cases per 100 000 population is (New cases over 14 day period)/Population)*100 000.

Acknowledgements

Data obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, an agency of the European Union

Load data into R

#these libraries need to be loaded library(utils) #read the Dataset sheet into “R”. The dataset will be called "data". data <- read.csv("data.csv", na.strings = "", fileEncoding = "UTF-8-BOM")

Chronic Disease Management Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global chronic disease management market size reached USD 13.2 billion in 2024, reflecting the growing necessity for comprehensive healthcare solutions worldwide. The market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 15.1% from 2025 to 2033, positioning it to achieve a value of USD 39.8 billion by 2033. This robust growth is primarily attributed to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, technological advancements in healthcare, and the increasing emphasis on value-based care models.

One of the foremost growth drivers in the chronic disease management market is the escalating global burden of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory ailments. Chronic diseases account for nearly 71% of all deaths globally, according to the World Health Organization, which underscores the urgent need for effective management solutions. Aging populations, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, and increasing tobacco and alcohol consumption are fueling the incidence of these diseases. As a result, healthcare systems and providers are increasingly investing in chronic disease management programs that combine monitoring, patient education, and adherence support to improve outcomes and reduce hospital readmissions.

Technological innovation is another significant catalyst propelling the chronic disease management market. The integration of digital health platforms, remote monitoring devices, and artificial intelligence-powered analytics has revolutionized the way chronic conditions are monitored and managed. Software solutions now enable real-time patient data collection, personalized care plans, and seamless communication between patients and providers. Wearable devices and mobile health applications empower patients to track their health metrics and adhere to treatment protocols more effectively. Furthermore, cloud-based and web-based delivery modes have democratized access to these solutions, making them available to a wider patient population, including those in remote or underserved areas.

The transition toward value-based care is also playing a crucial role in shaping the chronic disease management market landscape. Payers, providers, and governments are increasingly prioritizing outcome-driven healthcare models that emphasize preventive care, early intervention, and coordinated disease management. This shift has led to the proliferation of disease management programs that not only enhance patient quality of life but also reduce overall healthcare costs. Reimbursement policies are evolving to support these initiatives, further incentivizing healthcare organizations to adopt comprehensive chronic disease management solutions.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the chronic disease management market due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, strong presence of leading technology vendors, and high prevalence of chronic illnesses. Europe follows closely, buoyed by supportive government policies and increasing investments in digital health. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a lucrative market, driven by rapid urbanization, growing healthcare expenditures, and increasing awareness about chronic disease prevention and management. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, albeit from a smaller base, as healthcare systems in these regions modernize and expand access to care.

Component Analysis

The chronic disease management market is segmented by component into software, services, and devices. Software solutions form the backbone of chronic disease management, offering functionalities such as electronic health records (EHRs), patient engagement platforms, care coordination tools, and analytics dashboards. These platforms enable seamless data integration and sharing among healthcare providers, patients, and payers, leading to improved care outcomes. The adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms has further enhanced the predictive capabilities of these software solutions, allowing for early identification of disease exacerbations and personalized intervention strategies. As healthcare organizations increasingly shift toward digital transformation, the demand for robust and interoperable software platforms is expected to remain strong.

Vulnerable Population Registry Platforms Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Vulnerable Population Registry Platforms market size reached USD 1.28 billion in 2024. The market is experiencing robust growth, propelled by increasing governmental focus on disaster preparedness and public health management. The market is forecasted to reach USD 3.26 billion by 2033, expanding at a strong CAGR of 10.9% from 2025 to 2033. This growth trajectory is largely attributed to the rising frequency of natural disasters, pandemics, and the growing need for efficient data management systems to protect at-risk populations.

One of the primary growth drivers for the Vulnerable Population Registry Platforms market is the escalating occurrence of climate-related disasters and public health emergencies worldwide. With global warming intensifying the frequency of hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and other calamities, governments and organizations are under increasing pressure to identify, register, and monitor vulnerable populations effectively. These platforms enable real-time data collection, seamless coordination, and rapid response during emergencies, which is vital for minimizing casualties and ensuring timely aid delivery. The integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and geospatial analytics further enhances the capabilities of these platforms, making them indispensable tools for modern disaster management and public safety agencies.

Another significant factor fueling market expansion is the growing emphasis on public health and social equity. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical gaps in the identification and support of at-risk groups, such as the elderly, disabled, and those with chronic illnesses. In response, healthcare providers and government agencies have accelerated investments in registry platforms that facilitate the proactive management of vulnerable populations. These solutions enable better resource allocation, targeted outreach, and improved communication with individuals who may require special assistance during emergencies. Additionally, the trend towards digital transformation in the public sector is driving adoption, as agencies seek to modernize legacy systems and leverage cloud-based platforms for enhanced scalability, interoperability, and data security.

Policy initiatives and regulatory mandates are also playing a pivotal role in shaping the Vulnerable Population Registry Platforms market. Many countries have enacted laws or guidelines requiring local governments and emergency management agencies to maintain up-to-date registries of individuals who may need extra support during disasters. Compliance with these regulations not only mitigates legal risks but also fosters public trust and accountability. Furthermore, the availability of funding and grants from international organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the United Nations, is encouraging the adoption of these platforms, particularly in emerging economies. As awareness of the importance of inclusive disaster preparedness grows, the market is expected to witness sustained investment and innovation over the forecast period.

Regionally, North America remains the largest and most mature market for vulnerable population registry platforms, driven by stringent regulatory frameworks, well-established emergency management infrastructure, and high digital literacy rates. The United States, in particular, has been a frontrunner in deploying these platforms across state and local agencies, with significant investments in both software and services. Europe follows closely, with countries like the United Kingdom, Germany, and France prioritizing public health and social care modernization. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, fueled by rapid urbanization, increasing disaster risk, and government-led digital initiatives. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing gradual adoption, supported by international aid and rising awareness of disaster resilience.

This dataset presents preliminary findings from the STEPwise Survey, detailing the prevalence of key noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors among the population in the State of Qatar. It includes indicators such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and tobacco use.Structured by health indicator, the dataset supports national public health monitoring and the formulation of evidence-based policies for NCD prevention and control. The STEPwise approach, developed by the World Health Organization, provides standardized data to assess population health risks.

Abstract

In order to develop various methods of comparable data collection on health and health system responsiveness WHO started a scientific survey study in 2000-2001. This study has used a common survey instrument in nationally representative populations with modular structure for assessing health of indviduals in various domains, health system responsiveness, household health care expenditures, and additional modules in other areas such as adult mortality and health state valuations.

The health module of the survey instrument was based on selected domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and was developed after a rigorous scientific review of various existing assessment instruments. The responsiveness module has been the result of ongoing work over the last 2 years that has involved international consultations with experts and key informants and has been informed by the scientific literature and pilot studies.

Questions on household expenditure and proportionate expenditure on health have been borrowed from existing surveys. The survey instrument has been developed in multiple languages using cognitive interviews and cultural applicability tests, stringent psychometric tests for reliability (i.e. test-retest reliability to demonstrate the stability of application) and most importantly, utilizing novel psychometric techniques for cross-population comparability.

The study was carried out in 61 countries completing 71 surveys because two different modes were intentionally used for comparison purposes in 10 countries. Surveys were conducted in different modes of in- person household 90 minute interviews in 14 countries; brief face-to-face interviews in 27 countries and computerized telephone interviews in 2 countries; and postal surveys in 28 countries. All samples were selected from nationally representative sampling frames with a known probability so as to make estimates based on general population parameters.

The survey study tested novel techniques to control the reporting bias between different groups of people in different cultures or demographic groups ( i.e. differential item functioning) so as to produce comparable estimates across cultures and groups. To achieve comparability, the selfreports of individuals of their own health were calibrated against well-known performance tests (i.e. self-report vision was measured against standard Snellen's visual acuity test) or against short descriptions in vignettes that marked known anchor points of difficulty (e.g. people with different levels of mobility such as a paraplegic person or an athlete who runs 4 km each day) so as to adjust the responses for comparability . The same method was also used for self-reports of individuals assessing responsiveness of their health systems where vignettes on different responsiveness domains describing different levels of responsiveness were used to calibrate the individual responses.

This data are useful in their own right to standardize indicators for different domains of health (such as cognition, mobility, self care, affect, usual activities, pain, social participation, etc.) but also provide a better measurement basis for assessing health of the populations in a comparable manner. The data from the surveys can be fed into composite measures such as "Healthy Life Expectancy" and improve the empirical data input for health information systems in different regions of the world. Data from the surveys were also useful to improve the measurement of the responsiveness of different health systems to the legitimate expectations of the population.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample contained 5,000 addresses from a postal register that the company created with the information they could gather based on their annual assessment survey.

Telephone directories could not be used as these have a low penetration rate (around 40% for all population) and the electoral register is updated only a few months before the election. Hence, these two registers are not representative of the Ukrainian population.

A multi-level stratified sample was used.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Cleaning operations

Data Coding At each site the data was coded by investigators to indicate the respondent status and the selection of the modules for each respondent within the survey design. After the interview was edited by the supervisor and considered adequate it was entered locally.

Data Entry Program A data entry program was developed in WHO specifically for the survey study and provided to the sites. It was developed using a database program called the I-Shell (short for Interview Shell), a tool designed for easy development of computerized questionnaires and data entry (34). This program allows for easy data cleaning and processing.

The data entry program checked for inconsistencies and validated the entries in each field by checking for valid response categories and range checks. For example, the program didn’t accept an age greater than 120. For almost all of the variables there existed a range or a list of possible values that the program checked for.

In addition, the data was entered twice to capture other data entry errors. The data entry program was able to warn the user whenever a value that did not match the first entry was entered at the second data entry. In this case the program asked the user to resolve the conflict by choosing either the 1st or the 2nd data entry value to be able to continue. After the second data entry was completed successfully, the data entry program placed a mark in the database in order to enable the checking of whether this process had been completed for each and every case.

Data Transfer The data entry program was capable of exporting the data that was entered into one compressed database file which could be easily sent to WHO using email attachments or a file transfer program onto a secure server no matter how many cases were in the file. The sites were allowed the use of as many computers and as many data entry personnel as they wanted. Each computer used for this purpose produced one file and they were merged once they were delivered to WHO with the help of other programs that were built for automating the process. The sites sent the data periodically as they collected it enabling the checking procedures and preliminary analyses in the early stages of the data collection.

Data quality checks Once the data was received it was analyzed for missing information, invalid responses and representativeness. Inconsistencies were also noted and reported back to sites.

Data Cleaning and Feedback After receipt of cleaned data from sites, another program was run to check for missing information, incorrect information (e.g. wrong use of center codes), duplicated data, etc. The output of this program was fed back to sites regularly. Mainly, this consisted of cases with duplicate IDs, duplicate cases (where the data for two respondents with different IDs were identical), wrong country codes, missing age, sex, education and some other important variables.

Universal coverage is defined by the World Health Organization as 1 long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) for 2 people in a household. While Uganda has been a leader in the distribution of LLINs, there are concerns regarding the longevity of LLINs. The main aim of this study was to address the LLIN coverage gap that emerges in the period after mass distribution campaigns through the implementation of a novel LLIN distribution strategy utilizing the existing community healthcare worker (CHW) infrastructure. We conducted a pilot feasibility study in two villages randomized to be the control or intervention. CHWs in both villages carried out their regular duties and calculated household eligibility to receive LLINs, classified as having a child under five positive for malaria and being below universal coverage. Only CHWs in the intervention village distributed LLINs to eligible households to reach universal coverage. Summary statistics were calculated for intervention implementation and malaria outcomes. Structured interviews were conducted with CHWs to assess burden and community acceptability of the intervention. Of the children evaluated by the CHWs, 102 of 169 (60.3%) and 112 of 171 (65.5%) were tested for malaria, of which 62 (60.7%) and 71 (63.3%) tested positive in the intervention and control villages, respectively. Only three households were at universal coverage. There was an increase from 4.0% to 6.5% of households meeting universal coverage in the intervention village, compared to a decrease from 7.8% to 1.8% in the control village after the follow-up period. There was an increase in the number of children under the age of 5 who slept under an LLIN the previous night from 15.7% to 31.6% in the intervention village compared to a decrease in the control village from 29.1% to 10.5%. No CHWs reported an increased burden from the intervention and all reported favorable opinions. Our pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of targeted LLIN distributions leveraging the existing structure to supplement national distribution campaigns in Uganda. Overall, this work highlights the critical need for novel approaches to sustain LLIN coverage between distribution campaigns, particularly towards the end of the 3-year cycle.

Fertility Benefits Management Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global fertility benefits management market size in 2024 reached USD 3.7 billion, demonstrating robust expansion driven by the increasing demand for fertility services and growing employer adoption of comprehensive reproductive health benefits. The market is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 10.2% from 2025 to 2033, propelling the market to an estimated value of USD 9.6 billion by 2033. Key growth drivers include rising infertility rates, shifting societal attitudes towards reproductive health, and the growing recognition of fertility benefits as essential components of employee wellness programs.

A significant factor fueling the growth of the fertility benefits management market is the increasing prevalence of infertility worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, infertility affects approximately 17.5% of the global adult population, underscoring the urgent need for accessible fertility solutions. As awareness about reproductive health grows, more individuals and couples are seeking medical intervention, driving demand for fertility consultations, treatments, and preservation options. This trend is further amplified by the growing age of first-time parents, lifestyle changes, and the rising incidence of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, which contribute to infertility. Employers and insurance providers are recognizing these evolving needs, leading to expanded coverage and greater accessibility to fertility benefits management services.

Another crucial growth driver is the increasing adoption of fertility benefits by employers as part of their employee benefits packages. In a competitive talent market, organizations are leveraging comprehensive fertility benefits to attract and retain top talent, particularly among millennials and Gen Z employees who prioritize holistic health and family planning support. Large enterprises, especially in technology, finance, and healthcare sectors, are leading the way in offering fertility consultations, treatment coverage, and egg/sperm freezing options. This shift is not only enhancing employee satisfaction and loyalty but also fostering a more inclusive and supportive workplace culture. Furthermore, insurance providers are expanding their offerings to include fertility benefits, recognizing the long-term value of supporting reproductive health and reducing overall healthcare costs.

Technological advancements and digital transformation are also propelling the fertility benefits management market forward. The integration of cloud-based platforms, telemedicine, and data analytics has revolutionized service delivery, making fertility solutions more accessible and efficient. Digital platforms facilitate seamless communication between patients, healthcare providers, and employers, enabling personalized care pathways and improved outcomes. Moreover, the rise of reproductive health education and awareness campaigns, supported by innovative digital tools, is empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their fertility journey. These technological innovations are expected to continue driving market growth, offering scalable and cost-effective solutions to meet the diverse needs of end users.

Regionally, North America dominates the global fertility benefits management market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The high market penetration in North America is attributed to advanced healthcare infrastructure, favorable regulatory policies, and the proactive adoption of fertility benefits by employers. Europe is witnessing steady growth, driven by increasing awareness and supportive government initiatives. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is emerging as a high-potential region, fueled by rising infertility rates, growing middle-class population, and expanding healthcare access. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also experiencing gradual growth, supported by improving healthcare systems and increasing investments in reproductive health.

Service Type Analysis

The service type segment of the fertility benefits management market encompasses a diverse range of offerings, including fertility consultation, treatment coverage, reproductive health education, egg/sperm freezing, and other ancillary services. Fertility consultation services are witn

Contraceptive Implants Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global contraceptive implants market size reached USD 1.53 billion in 2024, demonstrating robust growth driven by increasing demand for long-acting reversible contraceptives and expanding awareness initiatives. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 3.03 billion by 2033. This impressive trajectory is primarily fueled by factors such as rising global population, supportive government policies, and the growing preference for minimally invasive contraceptive options.

One of the most significant growth factors for the contraceptive implants market is the increasing awareness and acceptance of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) among women of reproductive age. The convenience, high efficacy, and low maintenance requirements associated with contraceptive implants have made them an attractive choice for women seeking reliable birth control. Public health campaigns and non-governmental organizations have played a pivotal role in educating populations in both developed and developing regions about the benefits of LARCs, including reduced risk of user error compared to daily or monthly contraceptives. Moreover, the World Health Organization and other global health bodies continually advocate for increased access to family planning solutions, further supporting the adoption of contraceptive implants worldwide.

Another crucial driver for the contraceptive implants market is technological advancement in implant materials and insertion techniques. Modern implants, made from advanced silicone and polymer materials, offer improved biocompatibility, flexibility, and extended duration of efficacy—some lasting up to five years. These enhancements have substantially minimized side effects and improved patient comfort, leading to higher satisfaction and continuation rates. Additionally, healthcare providers are increasingly trained in minimally invasive insertion and removal procedures, reducing complications and making the option more accessible to a broader patient base. The combination of product innovation and improved service delivery is expected to sustain the market's upward momentum over the forecast period.

Government initiatives and funding programs have further accelerated market growth, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the unmet need for effective contraception remains high. Various international agencies and governments have partnered to subsidize contraceptive implants, making them affordable and accessible to wider segments of the population. For instance, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have supported bulk procurement and distribution of implants in Africa and Asia, regions with high fertility rates and limited access to healthcare. These efforts not only address population control but also empower women by giving them greater autonomy over their reproductive health.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe currently lead the market due to advanced healthcare infrastructure, high awareness levels, and favorable reimbursement policies. However, Asia Pacific and Latin America are expected to witness the fastest growth in the coming years, propelled by rising healthcare investments, increasing urbanization, and targeted awareness campaigns. The Middle East & Africa region, while still in the nascent stage, is anticipated to show considerable potential as governments and NGOs intensify efforts to improve family planning services. This regional diversification presents significant opportunities for manufacturers and service providers to expand their footprint and address the unique needs of each market.

Product Type Analysis

The contraceptive implants market is segmented by product type into single-rod implants, two-rod implants, and others. Single-rod implants, such as the widely recognized Nexplanon, have gained substantial traction due to their

BackgroundHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) commonly causes orolabial ulcers, while HSV-2 commonly causes genital ulcers. However, HSV-1 is an increasing cause of genital infection. Previously, the World Health Organization estimated the global burden of HSV-2 for 2003 and for 2012. The global burden of HSV-1 has not been estimated.MethodsWe fitted a constant-incidence model to pooled HSV-1 prevalence data from literature searches for 6 World Health Organization regions and used 2012 population data to derive global numbers of 0-49-year-olds with prevalent and incident HSV-1 infection. To estimate genital HSV-1, we applied values for the proportion of incident infections that are genital.FindingsWe estimated that 3709 million people (range: 3440–3878 million) aged 0–49 years had prevalent HSV-1 infection in 2012 (67%), with highest prevalence in Africa, South-East Asia and Western Pacific. Assuming 50% of incident infections among 15-49-year-olds are genital, an estimated 140 million (range: 67–212 million) people had prevalent genital HSV-1 infection, most of which occurred in the Americas, Europe and Western Pacific.ConclusionsThe global burden of HSV-1 infection is huge. Genital HSV-1 burden can be substantial but varies widely by region. Future control efforts, including development of HSV vaccines, should consider the epidemiology of HSV-1 in addition to HSV-2, and especially the relative contribution of HSV-1 to genital infection.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Population Health Management Solutions market size was USD 28514.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.50% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 11405.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 8554.26 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 6558.27 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1425.71 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.9% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 570.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.2% from 2024 to 2031.
The software category is the fastest growing segment of the Population Health Management Solutions industry

Market Dynamics of Population Health Management Solutions Market

Key Drivers for Population Health Management Solutions Market

The Requirement for Better Clinical and Financial Results for Patients to Boost Market Growth

The growing need for better patient outcomes, including favorable therapeutic and financial outcomes, is one of the main reasons propelling the population health management market. Medical professionals can obtain aggregated patient data from a variety of medical disciplines by using population health management technologies. Because of this, practitioners are able to make more educated clinical judgments, which improves treatment results and lowers treatment costs for patients. This is particularly true in the current situation, where individuals have a variety of long-term illnesses, including diabetes and heart disease. Adopting a longitudinal care paradigm is made possible by PHM for the physicians, and this can result in very favorable treatment outcomes. This helps doctors to prevent expensive, one-time, and highly unpredictable medical events that result from these chronic illnesses. Due to these reasons, industry participants are always focused on innovating and launching new population health management software and solutions. Healthcare organizations are able to provide patients with customized care because of the software and services they provide, which also helps them save more money overall. Additionally, a number of industry participants are concentrating on home healthcare, which also significantly aids doctors in making even superior clinical judgments.

The Global Rise in the Elderly Population Requires Better Healthcare Management to Drive Market Growth

Population health management (PHM) solutions market growth is mostly being driven by the aging of the world's population. In particular, the management of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, and arthritis is driving up demand for healthcare services from an aging population. By providing resources for care coordination, real-time monitoring, and preventative care, PHM systems help healthcare practitioners effectively manage sizable, aging patient populations. These technologies enhance the quality of life for senior citizens, minimize the need for readmissions to hospitals, and maximize resource usage. PHM solutions are necessary for early intervention and individualized care since the elderly are also more susceptible to complex health conditions. The market need is anticipated to increase even more in the upcoming years due to this demographic shift.

Restraint Factor for the Population Health Management Solutions Market

High Prices of Implementation and Maintenance Will Limit Market Growth

One of the primary obstacles to the population health management (PHM) solutions market is the high cost of implementation and upkeep. For smaller clinics and healthcare organizations, deploying PHM solutions might be financially prohibitive due to the significant investments required in hardware, software, and infrastructure. Furthermore, there are typically expensive and complicated procedures involved in integratin...

Background: Rabies is a serious yet neglected public health threat in resource-limited communities in Africa, where the virus is maintained in populations of owned, free-roaming domestic dogs. Rabies elimination can be achieved through the mass vaccination of dogs, but maintaining the critical threshold of vaccination coverage for herd immunity in these populations is hampered by their rapid turnover. Knowledge of the population dynamics of free-roaming dog populations can inform effective planning and implementation of mass dog vaccination campaigns to control rabies. Methodology/Principal Findings: We implemented a health and demographic surveillance system in dogs that monitored the entire owned dog population within a defined geographic area in a community in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. We quantified demographic rates over a 24-month period, from 1st January 2012 through 1st January 2014, and assessed their implications for rabies control by simulating the decline in vaccination coverage over time. During this period, the population declined by 10%. Annual population growth rates were +18.6% in 2012 and -24.5% in 2013. Crude annual birth rates (per 1,000 dog-years of observation) were 451 in 2012 and 313 in 2013. Crude annual death rates were 406 in 2012 and 568 in 2013. Females suffered a significantly higher mortality rate in 2013 than males (mortality rate ratio [MRR] = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.28-1.85). In the age class 0-3 months, the mortality rate of dogs vaccinated against rabies was significantly lower than that of unvaccinated dogs (2012: MRR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.05-0.21; 2013: MRR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11-0.69). The results of the simulation showed that achieving a 70% vaccination coverage during annual campaigns would maintain coverage above the critical threshold for at least 12 months. Conclusions and Significance: Our findings provide an evidence base for the World Health Organization’s empirically-derived target of 70% vaccination coverage during annual campaigns. Achieving this will be effective even in highly dynamic populations with extremely high growth rates and rapid turnover. This increases confidence in the feasibility of dog rabies elimination in Africa through mass vaccination.

95% credible bounds for each regional set of estimates (by sex) were computed as follows. Firstly we sampled each pooled HSV-1 prevalence value 1000 times assuming a normal distribution, using the standard deviation derived from the meta-analysis. Next, we recalibrated λ and k for each set of sampled pooled prevalence values by region (by sex for the Americas and Europe). The resulting set of 1000 estimates was then sorted low-high for each estimate, sex and region of interest and the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile estimates extracted for the lower and upper uncertainty bounds. Region-specific estimates for genital HSV-1 are given to 2 d.p. due to some small numbers of infected individuals, but this level of accuracy is unlikely to be supported by the model. Note that stratified ranges do not sum to unstratified ranges.aCredible range not reliable due to limited sampling of pooled prevalence.95% credible bounds for the global and regional estimates of the number of cases of any prevalent HSV-1 infection, and prevalent genital HSV-1 infection, in 2012 by sex, in millions, incorporating uncertainty in the underlying HSV-1 prevalence data, and as a function of the assumed proportion of incident HSV-1 infections in this age group that are genital.

Red-Light Myopia Control Therapy Devices Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Red-Light Myopia Control Therapy Devices market size was valued at USD 542.4 million in 2024, and is expected to reach USD 2.16 billion by 2033, growing at a robust CAGR of 16.5% during the forecast period. The rapid market growth is primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents globally, coupled with a rising awareness of non-invasive myopia management solutions. The market is witnessing significant momentum as advanced red-light therapy devices are being increasingly adopted in both clinical and homecare settings, reflecting a paradigm shift towards proactive eye health management.

A major growth factor propelling the Red-Light Myopia Control Therapy Devices market is the alarming surge in myopia cases, particularly among younger populations. The World Health Organization and leading ophthalmology associations have highlighted that myopia is becoming a global epidemic, with projections suggesting that nearly half of the world’s population could be myopic by 2050. This growing burden has intensified the demand for innovative, safe, and effective interventions. Red-light therapy devices, which utilize low-level red-light exposure to slow myopic progression, are gaining traction as a scientifically validated, non-pharmacological option. Their adoption is further fueled by increasing parental concern, early diagnosis, and the desire to avoid invasive procedures or long-term pharmacotherapy, making these devices highly appealing for pediatric myopia management.

Technological advancements are another pivotal driver in the expansion of the Red-Light Myopia Control Therapy Devices market. Manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development to enhance device efficacy, user-friendliness, and safety profiles. The integration of smart features, such as real-time monitoring, data analytics, and wireless connectivity, has made these devices more attractive to both healthcare professionals and end-users. Additionally, the development of wearable and portable device formats has expanded accessibility, allowing for therapy sessions in diverse environments, from clinical settings to the comfort of home. These innovations, paired with favorable clinical outcomes and increasing regulatory approvals, are accelerating market penetration and establishing red-light therapy as a cornerstone of modern myopia control strategies.

Healthcare infrastructure improvements and supportive reimbursement policies in developed and emerging markets are also catalyzing the uptake of red-light myopia control therapy devices. Government initiatives aimed at curbing the long-term socioeconomic impact of myopia-related visual impairment are fostering collaborations between device manufacturers, healthcare providers, and educational institutions. Furthermore, awareness campaigns, school-based vision screening programs, and partnerships with optometry clinics are expanding the reach of these devices. As a result, the market is experiencing robust growth across multiple distribution channels, with both traditional brick-and-mortar and e-commerce platforms playing key roles in product accessibility and consumer education.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific region stands out as the dominant market for Red-Light Myopia Control Therapy Devices, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024. This leadership is attributed to the exceptionally high prevalence of myopia among children in countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea, coupled with strong government and private sector initiatives to address the burgeoning public health concern. North America and Europe are also witnessing notable adoption, driven by technological innovation, high healthcare expenditure, and increasing awareness of the long-term risks associated with untreated myopia. Meanwhile, emerging markets in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually embracing these devices, supported by improving healthcare infrastructure and rising disposable incomes.