The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, and reach eight billion in 2023, and will peak at almost 11 billion by the end of the century. Although it took thousands of years to reach one billion people, it did so at the beginning of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition; from this point onwards, population growth has skyrocketed, and since the 1960s the population has increased by one billion people every 12 to 15 years. The demographic transition sees a sharp drop in mortality due to factors such as vaccination, sanitation, and improved food supply; the population boom that follows is due to increased survival rates among children and higher life expectancy among the general population; and fertility then drops in response to this population growth. Regional differences The demographic transition is a global phenomenon, but it has taken place at different times across the world. The industrialized countries of Europe and North America were the first to go through this process, followed by some states in the Western Pacific. Latin America's population then began growing at the turn of the 20th century, but the most significant period of global population growth occurred as Asia progressed in the late-1900s. As of the early 21st century, almost two thirds of the world's population live in Asia, although this is set to change significantly in the coming decades. Future growth The growth of Africa's population, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, will have the largest impact on global demographics in this century. From 2000 to 2100, it is expected that Africa's population will have increased by a factor of almost five. It overtook Europe in size in the late 1990s, and overtook the Americas a decade later. In contrast to Africa, Europe's population is now in decline, as birth rates are consistently below death rates in many countries, especially in the south and east, resulting in natural population decline. Similarly, the population of the Americas and Asia are expected to go into decline in the second half of this century, and only Oceania's population will still be growing alongside Africa. By 2100, the world's population will have over three billion more than today, with the vast majority of this concentrated in Africa. Demographers predict that climate change is exacerbating many of the challenges that currently hinder progress in Africa, such as political and food instability; if Africa's transition is prolonged, then it may result in further population growth that would place a strain on the region's resources, however, curbing this growth earlier would alleviate some of the pressure created by climate change.

The earliest point where scientists can make reasonable estimates for the population of global regions is around 10,000 years before the Common Era (or 12,000 years ago). Estimates suggest that Asia has consistently been the most populated continent, and the least populated continent has generally been Oceania (although it was more heavily populated than areas such as North America in very early years). Population growth was very slow, but an increase can be observed between most of the given time periods. There were, however, dips in population due to pandemics, the most notable of these being the impact of plague in Eurasia in the 14th century, and the impact of European contact with the indigenous populations of the Americas after 1492, where it took almost four centuries for the population of Latin America to return to its pre-1500 level. The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, which also coincided with a spike in population growth, due to the onset of the demographic transition. This wave of growth first spread across the most industrially developed countries in the 19th century, and the correlation between demographic development and industrial or economic maturity continued until today, with Africa being the final major region to begin its transition in the late-1900s.

Nigeria has the largest population in Africa. As of 2025, the country counted over 237.5 million individuals, whereas Ethiopia, which ranked second, has around 135.5 million inhabitants. Egypt registered the largest population in North Africa, reaching nearly 118.4 million people. In terms of inhabitants per square kilometer, Nigeria only ranked seventh, while Mauritius had the highest population density on the whole African continent in 2023. The fastest-growing world region Africa is the second most populous continent in the world, after Asia. Nevertheless, Africa records the highest growth rate worldwide, with figures rising by over two percent every year. In some countries, such as Niger, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Chad, the population increase peaks at over three percent. With so many births, Africa is also the youngest continent in the world. However, this coincides with a low life expectancy. African cities on the rise The last decades have seen high urbanization rates in Asia, mainly in China and India. However, African cities are currently growing at larger rates. Indeed, most of the fastest-growing cities in the world are located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Gwagwalada, in Nigeria, and Kabinda, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ranked first worldwide. By 2035, instead, Africa's fastest-growing cities are forecast to be Bujumbura, in Burundi, and Zinder, Nigeria.

In 2024, just under 41 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa's population was below the age of 15; in contrast, this figure was just 17 percent in Europe & Central Asia and in North America. Across these regions, the share of the population aged 65 and over inversely correlated with the younger population, in that the regions with the largest share aged under 15 had the smallest share aged over 64, and vice versa. For most regions, the share of the population aged between 15 and 64 years ranged between 64 and 65 percent, except for Sub-Saharan Africa where it was below 56 percent. These trends can largely be explained by looking at global demographic development.

All cities with a population > 1000 or seats of adm div (ca 80.000)Sources and ContributionsSources : GeoNames is aggregating over hundred different data sources. Ambassadors : GeoNames Ambassadors help in many countries. Wiki : A wiki allows to view the data and quickly fix error and add missing places. Donations and Sponsoring : Costs for running GeoNames are covered by donations and sponsoring.Enrichment:add country name

Monaco led the ranking for countries with the highest population density in 2024, with nearly 26,000 residents per square kilometer. The Special Administrative Region of Macao came in second, followed by Singapore. The world’s second smallest country Monaco is the world’s second-smallest country, with an area of about two square kilometers and a population of only around 40,000. It is a constitutional monarchy located by the Mediterranean Sea, and while Monaco is not part of the European Union, it does participate in some EU policies. The country is perhaps most famous for the Monte Carlo casino and for hosting the Monaco Grand Prix, the world's most prestigious Formula One race. The global population Globally, the population density per square kilometer is about 60 inhabitants, and Asia is the most densely populated region in the world. The global population is increasing rapidly, so population density is only expected to increase. In 1950, for example, the global population stood at about 2.54 billion people, and it reached over eight billion during 2023.

The average level of the ocean has been rising since we started measuring and recording this data. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA), since 1900 the global mean sea level has risen more than 200 millimeters (nearly 8 inches) and nearly half of that increase has occurred since 1993 in a concerning change in rate of rise.Sea level rise is one of the many effects of global warming. Scientists attribute sea level rise to two things, melting ice and increased ocean water temperatures. Increasing air temperatures, particularly in the polar regions, has encouraged the melting of land-based ice reserves such as glaciers, ice sheets, and permafrost. Historically, warm season ice melt was balanced by replenishment during the cold season but warming temperatures have created conditions where melting exceeds the buildup of ice. This water flows through rivers and streams to the ocean in quantities sufficient to contribute to sea level rise.Oceans are also massive heat sinks. They pull large quantities of atmospheric heat and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and store it in the ocean. The sea changes temperature much more slowly than the air and over time ocean temperatures have continued to build. As the ocean water warms it expands causing the sea levels to rise.Sea levels are not rising equally across Earth. Some areas are already experiencing significant impacts due to the rising water levels while others have seen minimal changes. This is due to a variety of reasons. First, despite how it is typically illustrated Earth is not perfectly round so the height of the ocean at any given point varies. This can be due to the Earth’s rotation, ocean currents, or prevailing wind speed and direction.Experts consider sea level rise and urgent climatic threat. Many low-lying places such as islands and coastal areas are already experiencing high waters. Higher waters also make storms such as hurricanes more dangerous due to higher storm surges and flooding. As coastlines could lose key infrastructure, land will become uninhabitable, and many people could lose their livelihoods. It is estimated 10 percent of the world’s population could be impacted as the waters rise. Many of the approximately 770 million people could be forced to migrate to higher ground, or in the case of island countries, such as Kiribati, to new countries once theirs sinks below the sea.This map was created with data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the United States Geological Survey. Experts used an elevation data and the NOAA model Scenarios of Future Mean Seal Level to illustrate the scale of potential coastal flooding. The mapmaker chose to remove levees from the data, so the areas flooded include places, particularly in the states of Texas and Louisiana, that are presently protected by this infrastructure. It is important to note that these are possible outcomes. This model does not include possible erosion, subsidence, or construction that may occur between 2022 when this data was created and 2030, 2050, or 2090 respectively. While models are powerful tools it is difficult to calculate every aspect that shapes our environment.Learn more about how coastal communities are impacted by sea level rise with this StoryMap by NOAA’s Office for Coastal Management, The King Tides Project: Snap the shore, See the Future.

India population growth rate for 2023 was 0.88%, a 0.09% increase from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>India population growth rate for 2022 was <strong>0.79%</strong>, a <strong>0.03% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>India population growth rate for 2021 was <strong>0.82%</strong>, a <strong>0.15% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>India population growth rate for 2020 was <strong>0.97%</strong>, a <strong>0.07% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.

Street Noise-Level Dataset

Silencio’s Street Noise-Level Dataset offers unique access to hyper-local, real-world noise exposure data across more than 200 countries. Built from over 35 billion datapoints, collected via our mobile app and enriched with AI-powered interpolation, this dataset delivers detailed average noise levels (dBA) at the street and neighborhood level.

Chronic noise exposure is a growing public health concern linked to stress, cardiovascular risks, sleep disorders, and reduced quality of life — all of which are increasingly relevant for public health studies, insurance risk modeling, and wellness program design. Silencio’s data allows buyers to quantify environmental noise exposure and incorporate it into risk assessments, premium modeling, urban health studies, and wellness product development.

In addition to objective noise measurements, Silencio provides access to the world’s largest noise complaint database, offering complementary subjective insights directly from communities, enabling more precise correlations between noise exposure and health outcomes.

Data is available as: • CSV exports • S3 bucket delivery • High-resolution maps, perfect for health impact assessments, research publications, or integration into insurance models.

We provide both historical and real-time data. An API is currently in development, and we welcome custom requests and early access partnerships.

Fully anonymized and GDPR-compliant, our dataset is ready to enhance health-focused research, insurance underwriting, and product innovation.

In a context where the new EU leadership – European Commission, Parliament and Council of the EU – has recently been established for the period 2024-2029, this sixth edition of the European Sustainable Development Report (ESDR) presents an updated narrative report and database to support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 2030 Agenda in Europe. Since 2019, the ESDR has presented the SDG Index and Dashboards for Europe and provided an annual overview of the EU’s progress towards the SDGs. It builds on the methodology of the global SDG Index which has been peer-reviewed in 2019 by the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC). This year’s edition covers 41 individual European countries: 27 EU member states, 9 Candidate countries, 4 countries in the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA) and the United-Kingdom. The report and SDG Index database highlight areas of success as well as opportunities for further improvement and uses the data to compare the progress of European sub-regions. The data and findings build on several rounds of consultations conducted since 2019 with scientists, experts and practitioners from across Europe, made possible in large part through the long-standing cooperation between the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC).The new leadership of the EU has reaffirmed its commitment to implementing the SDGs and 2030 Agenda on several occasions in the second half of 2024. Although the SDGs were not mentioned explicitly in the Political Guidelines of the current President of the European Commission (European Commission, 2024c), the mission letters shared with all the Commissioners in September 2024 (European Commission, 2024a) specify that “As we head to 2030, each Member of the college will ensure the delivery of the EU targets and objectives defined for that year, as well as of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals within their policy areas. The college as a whole will be responsible for the implementation of the Goals.” The previous European Parliament has issued several SDG resolutions (European Parliament, 2019) and established an informal SDG alliance. The European Council Strategic Agenda 2024-2029 further emphasizes:“The European Union shall continue to be the strongest supporter of the international legal order, steadfastly upholding the United Nations and the principles enshrined in the UN Charter. In particular, the European Union will pursue efforts to promote global peace, justice and stability, as well as democracy, universal human rights and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in all international fora. We will strive for a reformed multilateral system, making it more inclusive and more effective.”The SDSN has argued for many years that the SDGs are largely an investment agenda notably into human capital (education, health, social protection, others) and physical infrastructure (renewable energy and grids, access to technology, others) (Sachs et al., 2019). The Draghi report (European Commission, 2024b) presented in September 2024 also emphasizes that the long-term prosperity and competitiveness of Europe must build on an ambitious investment plan and calls for additional annual investment of €800 billion EUR notably to advance the green and digital transformations. At the same time, budget pressures and political divides are mounting, and such a massive scale-up in investments can only be achieved via collective action and collaboration across EU member states. At the global level, an EU member state – Spain – will host in June 2024 the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Development (FFD4). This conference represents an important milestone to advance the reform of the Global Financial Architecture (GFA) and to unlock further private and public capital to support the achievements of the SDGs. Globally, 3.3 billion people (or around 40% of the world’s population) live in countries that spend more annually on interest payments than on health and education (UNCTAD, 2024). Debt burden and servicing also represents a major barrier to advance climate mitigation and adaptation in many developing countries.Overall, and as argued in last year’s ESDR2023/24 (Lafortune et al., 2024), peace and global cooperation are the fundamental conditions to achieve sustainable development, in Europe and globally. In a multipolar world, characterized by rising geopolitical tensions across superpowers, the EU and its member states should leverage all diplomatic channels and build coalitions with countries and alliances that aim to promote peace and sustainable development. Previous editions of these reports have introduced the concept of SDG/Green Deal Diplomacy (SDSN & IEEP, 2020). The UN Charter (1945) but also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the SDGs remain crucial instruments that can help promote a global dialogue between the EU and the rest of the multipolar world.As such, the 10 recommendations made in last years’ ESDR2023/24 to “Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in a Fragmented and Multipolar World” endorsed by 200+ scientists, experts and practitioners from all over Europe remain particularly relevant (Lafortune et al., 2024). The new EU leadership is the last one before reaching the 2030 landmark year. The next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), for 2028–2035, must integrate, maintain, and even increase the total level of financing to sufficiently fund the required transformation deep into the next decade. This EU leadership will also be in charge of negotiating the next set of goals and global agenda for sustainable development that will continue the SDGs. Similar to the role played by the EU before the adoption of the SDGs, the EU and its member states should work with the rest of the global community to raise the level of ambition and implementation mechanisms, including a reformed GFA, for achieving sustainable development by 2030 and beyond as part of an ambitious post-2030 Agenda. The preparation of an ambitious second EU Voluntary Review presented ahead of the next SDG Summit at Heads of States level in 2027, building on extensive consultation with civil society, would send a strong signal to the international community about the EU’s commitment to advance long-term sustainable development at home and globally by 2030 and beyond.

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

The Survey covers Peru.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Peru covers national population aged 18 and over, for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample is designed to be representative of adults aged 18 and older, from all socioeconomic status, living permanently in the selected accommodations for the sample. The sample method involved a multi-stage clustered design: stratification by region, by urban and rural areas, and residence zones in Metropolitan Lima.

First stage: Selection of sample Spots Selection of urban blocks (manzanas) by a computer program. A cluster is defined as a block (manzana). Selection of 8 interviews per cluster/block In Lima and Callao, and 5 interview in the remaining urban areas.

Second stage: Selection of Sample Households Within each selected sample block, households were selected through systematic sampling. Replacement of households and blocks was allowed in order to complete the interviews according to the cuota previously fixed. In rural areas, settlements with less than 200 dwellings were randomly selected. To select rural settlements for the sample, the field coordinator used a map and a list of selttlements in order to exclude those towns or villages with access difficulty (more than 5 hour trip to access). Then the coordinator grouped the rural settlements in big axes around the large cities selected for the urban sample. Within each selected group, rural settlements were selected to apply from 5 to 10 interviews. The number of selected settlements depends on the number of interviews expected for rural areas, taking into account that the number of interviews for each settlement is from 5 to 10. Subsequently, households were chosen in each selected rural settlement by a random route method. In urban, as in rural areas, respondents were selected by age and sex quotas, which were fixed by the demographic distribution of the population.

Remarks about sampling: With respect to the original sample design, the only variation was the application of an additional rural survey in Huancayo and one less in Huánuco. Due to the fieldwork schedule, it was decided to replace the survey in Huánuco by a survey in Junín, where the fieldwork was extended for a few days more.

The sample size for Peru is N=1500 and includes national population aged 18 years and over, for both sexes.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

For each wave, suggestions for questions are solicited by social scientists from all over the world and a final master questionnaire is developed in English. Since the start in 1981 each successive wave has covered a broader range of societies than the previous one. Analysis of the data from each wave has indicated that certain questions tapped interesting and important concepts while others were of little value. This has led to the more useful questions or themes being replicated in future waves while the less useful ones have been dropped making room for new questions. The questionnaire is translated into the various national languages and in many cases independently translated back to English to check the accuracy of the translation. In most countries, the translated questionnaire is pre-tested to help identify questions for which the translation is problematic. In some cases certain problematic questions are omitted from the national questionnaire. WVS requires implementation of the common questionnaire fully and faithfully, in all countries included into one wave. Any alteration to the original questionnaire has to be approved by the EC. Omission of no more than a maximum of 12 questions in any given country can be allowed.

Sampling error estimates

+/- 2,5%

The Vatican City, often called the Holy See, has the smallest population worldwide, with only *** inhabitants. It is also the smallest country in the world by size. The islands Niue, Tuvalu, and Nauru followed in the next three positions. On the other hand, India is the most populous country in the world, with over *** billion inhabitants.

This map was designed as an overview map of the Lake Tanganika Basin. Many of the data are of coarse resolution and should be verified before used in an research or planning efforts.Sources by Layer GroupsAdmin: Populations retrieved from worldpopulationreview.com.Town and village names and locations retrieved the NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/. These data may be incomplete or show incorrect spellings. Refugee camp names and locations provided by Frankfurt Zoological Society. TNC Tuungane Project Villages GPS point locations collected by TNC staff. For more information about the Tuungane Project please visit: https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/africa/wherewework/tuungane-project.xml.Interntaional Boundaries retrieved from GADM database (www.gadm.org).Admin Level 1 & 2 subnational boundaries below the country level. This varies by country. Infrastructure:Liemba stops: Derived from https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/MV_Liemba\Airport names: Derived from NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/Roads: The Global Roads Open Access Data Set, Version 1 (gROADSv1) was developed under the auspices of the CODATA Global Roads Data Development Task Group. The data set combines the best available roads data by country into a global roads coverage, using the UN Spatial Data Infrastructure Transport (UNSDI-T) version 2 as a common data model. All country road networks have been joined topologically at the borders, and many countries have been edited for internal topology. Source data for each country are provided in the documentation, and users are encouraged to refer to the readme file for use constraints that apply to a small number of countries. Because the data are compiled from multiple sources, the date range for road network representations ranges from the 1980s to 2010 depending on the country (most countries have no confirmed date), and spatial accuracy varies. The baseline global data set was compiled by the Information Technology Outreach Services (ITOS) of the University of Georgia. Updated data for 27 countries and 6 smaller geographic entities were assembled by Columbia University's Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), with a focus largely on developing countries with the poorest data coverage.Credits: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/groads-global-roads-open-access-v1Dams: Lehner, B., C. Reidy Liermann, C. Revenga, C. Vorosmarty, B. Fekete, P. Crouzet, P. Doll, M. Endejan, K. Frenken, J. Magome, C. Nilsson, J.C. Robertson, R. Rodel, N. Sindorf, and D. Wisser. 2011. Global Reservoir and Dam Database, Version 1 (GRanDv1): Reservoirs, Revision 01. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC).http://dx.doi.org/10.7927/H4HH6H08. Accessed 28 August 2016.Credits: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/pfs/grand.htmlPower Plants: Data for power plants with total installed generating capacity > 10 mw from the Platts World Electric Power Plants Database (WEPP 2006). Plants were georeferenced using location information from the WEPP, auxiliary GIS datasets, World Bank project documents and the internet. Locations are approximate, precision varies greatly by point, based on the source of coordinate information.The following attributes are included:PLANT: power plant name,STATUS: status (OPR, CON, PLN, OTHER, UNK),SUM_MW: total installed generating capacity,LATITUDE: approximate location, latitude,LONGITUDE: approximate location, longitude,GEN_TYPE: type of electricity generation (HYDRO, THERMAL, OTHER)Credits: http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/Transmission Lines & Railroads: Africa Infrastructure Knowledge Program http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/.Socioeconomic: FEWS Livelihood Zones, Lean Times Livelihood Hazards: These were derived form country level livelihood zones information at the Famine Early Warning System Network. : Data for individual countries with detailed descriptions of livelihood zones, inclkuding crop calendars and hazards, can be found at http://www.fews.net/.Distance to Markets:HarvestChoice, 2015. "Travel time to nearest town over 20K (mean, hours, 2000)." International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC., and University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. Available online at http://harvestchoice.org/data/tt_20k.Lean Times: Lean Times refer to times of the year when food shortages may occur. These were derived form country level livelihood zones information at the Famine Early Warning System Network. NOTE: None of the regions within Lake Tanganyika indicated July as a time of food shortages; therefore, July is excluded as a seperate layer.http://www.fews.net/Population Density: Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University. 2016. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). http://dx.doi.org/10.7927/H4NP22DQ.http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v4-population-density2011 Fishiereis Frame Survey sites: Indicates at the regional or district level, the percentage of fish landing sites with described properties. Citation: LTA Secretariat, 2012.Lake Tanganyika Regional Fisheries Frame Survey 2011, Bujumbura, Burundi, 30 pFamily Planning, HIV Statistics, Women Issues, Childrens Health, Water and Sanitation,Houshold Fuel Source: Socioeconomic data from USAID-funded The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program: Produced by ICF International. Spatial Data Repository, The Demographic and Health Surveys Program. ICF International. Available from spatialdata.dhsprogram.com [Accessed 18 August 2016]. Fishiereis Frame Survey :All Datasets Indicates at the regional or district level, the percentage of fish landing sites with described properties. Citation: LTA Secretariat, 2012.Lake Tanganyika Regional Fisheries Frame Survey 2011, Bujumbura, Burundi, 30 pFishieries Frame SurveyConservation:Human Disturbance Index:Simple Human Disturbance Index to assess the relative levels of human disturbance along the lakeshore of Lake Tanganyika. Evidence from Britton et al.(2017) indicates that human activity in the nearshore environment will significantly influence fish populations along the lakeshore. For detailed methods see https://tnc.box.com/s/k65bdhh72gjjv7f3v0gwvn2856onh9h9.Credits: Dr. Tracy Baker, The Nature Conservancy Africa Program: tracy.baker@tnc.orgHydroBASINS Level 08 Average HDI:Average level of human disturbance at the HydroBASINS Level 8. This level correxpond to the unit of analysis for IUCN Red List data. Credits: Dr. Tracy Baker, The Nature Conservancy Africa Program: tracy.baker@tnc.orgProtected Areas:IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (year), The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) [On-line], [January, 2017], Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.Priority Aquatic Sites: Aquaruim trade watch fish: Estimated ranges of cichlids considered to be endangered or critically endagered, Credit Ad KoningsProposed Lake Key Biodiversity Area & Key Biodiversity Area Trigger Species Ranges: The Nature Conservancy staff worked with IUCN and other experts to compile and analyze available spatial data for Lake Tanganyika, to identify candidate areas within the lake that have exceptional potential to meet the revised KBAcriteria and thresholds based on the new standard, as well as having practical potential for application of local and regional management and conservation strategies. This layer represents a draft version of this work. The work still must undergo a national level stakeholder consultation. Credits: Dr. Kristen Blann, The Nature Conservancy - Freshwater Ecologist, Minnesota Priority Fisheries Conservation Sites - TAFIRI: TAFIRI Conservation Priorities derived from 2013 presentation by Dr. Ismael Kimirei, TAFIRI Director, Kigoma. Priorities were ranked by a quatitative assessment at each site. Priority Fisheries Conservation Sites - Zambia Fisheries: Zambia Fisheries priority sites acquired via personal communication with Mr. Taylor Banda, Senior Fisheries Officer at Mpulungu. The sites represent the current planning scenario alon the Zambia side of the lake. Lake & Freshwater Species & Basin Freshwater Species: Known and accessible information on freshwater species within Lake Tanganyika. Data may not include all known species for a taxon. Spatial unit used to calcuate total freshwater species richness is the HydroBASINS Level 11 dataset boundaries.Species level data were derived from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (http://www.iucnredlist.org), the Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Program (http://www.ltbp.org/), and Ad Konings. Zambia Terrestrial Species Distributions: Mean probability of species presence, conditioned on environmental variables.See: https://tnc.box.com/s/hvqdyawz26i75lm5lnlj7dh0uut65rk7Credits: Dr. Anne Trainor, The Nature Conservancy Africa Program - Smart Growth Director anne.trainor@tnc.orgMammals & Amphibians : Modeled number of mammal species across the Lake Tangnayika Basin. This is a surface layer with no individual species level information given. International Union for Conservation of Nature - IUCN, and Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University. 2015. Gridded Species Distribution: Global Mammal Richness Grids, 2015 Release. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). http://dx.doi.org/10.7927/H4N014G5.Credits: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/species-global-mammal-richness-2015Terrestrial Ecoregions & Greater Mahale Ecosystem: Olson, D. M. and E. Dinerstein. 2002. The Global 200: Priority ecoregions for global conservation. (PDF file) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89:125-126. -The Nature Conservancy, USDA Forest Service and U.S. Geological Survey, based on Bailey, Robert G. 1995. Description of the ecoregions of the United States (2nd ed.). Misc. Pub. No. 1391, Map scale

Abstract

In order to develop various methods of comparable data collection on health and health system responsiveness WHO started a scientific survey study in 2000-2001. This study has used a common survey instrument in nationally representative populations with modular structure for assessing health of indviduals in various domains, health system responsiveness, household health care expenditures, and additional modules in other areas such as adult mortality and health state valuations.

The health module of the survey instrument was based on selected domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and was developed after a rigorous scientific review of various existing assessment instruments. The responsiveness module has been the result of ongoing work over the last 2 years that has involved international consultations with experts and key informants and has been informed by the scientific literature and pilot studies.

Questions on household expenditure and proportionate expenditure on health have been borrowed from existing surveys. The survey instrument has been developed in multiple languages using cognitive interviews and cultural applicability tests, stringent psychometric tests for reliability (i.e. test-retest reliability to demonstrate the stability of application) and most importantly, utilizing novel psychometric techniques for cross-population comparability.

The study was carried out in 61 countries completing 71 surveys because two different modes were intentionally used for comparison purposes in 10 countries. Surveys were conducted in different modes of in- person household 90 minute interviews in 14 countries; brief face-to-face interviews in 27 countries and computerized telephone interviews in 2 countries; and postal surveys in 28 countries. All samples were selected from nationally representative sampling frames with a known probability so as to make estimates based on general population parameters.

The survey study tested novel techniques to control the reporting bias between different groups of people in different cultures or demographic groups ( i.e. differential item functioning) so as to produce comparable estimates across cultures and groups. To achieve comparability, the selfreports of individuals of their own health were calibrated against well-known performance tests (i.e. self-report vision was measured against standard Snellen's visual acuity test) or against short descriptions in vignettes that marked known anchor points of difficulty (e.g. people with different levels of mobility such as a paraplegic person or an athlete who runs 4 km each day) so as to adjust the responses for comparability . The same method was also used for self-reports of individuals assessing responsiveness of their health systems where vignettes on different responsiveness domains describing different levels of responsiveness were used to calibrate the individual responses.

This data are useful in their own right to standardize indicators for different domains of health (such as cognition, mobility, self care, affect, usual activities, pain, social participation, etc.) but also provide a better measurement basis for assessing health of the populations in a comparable manner. The data from the surveys can be fed into composite measures such as "Healthy Life Expectancy" and improve the empirical data input for health information systems in different regions of the world. Data from the surveys were also useful to improve the measurement of the responsiveness of different health systems to the legitimate expectations of the population.

Geographic coverage

Bratislava, Banska Bystrica, Kosice, Nitra, Preaov, Trencín, Trnava, Zilina

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A sample of 1,200 was taken and respondents were selected from the population register. Eight regions were sampled: Region 1: Bratislava Region 2: Banska Bystrica Region 3: Kozice Region 4: Nitra Region 5: Prezov Region 6: Trencín Region 7: Trnava Region 8: Zilina More females (54.9%) than males (45.1%) were interviewed.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Data Coding At each site the data was coded by investigators to indicate the respondent status and the selection of the modules for each respondent within the survey design. After the interview was edited by the supervisor and considered adequate it was entered locally.

Data Entry Program A data entry program was developed in WHO specifically for the survey study and provided to the sites. It was developed using a database program called the I-Shell (short for Interview Shell), a tool designed for easy development of computerized questionnaires and data entry (34). This program allows for easy data cleaning and processing.

The data entry program checked for inconsistencies and validated the entries in each field by checking for valid response categories and range checks. For example, the program didn’t accept an age greater than 120. For almost all of the variables there existed a range or a list of possible values that the program checked for.

In addition, the data was entered twice to capture other data entry errors. The data entry program was able to warn the user whenever a value that did not match the first entry was entered at the second data entry. In this case the program asked the user to resolve the conflict by choosing either the 1st or the 2nd data entry value to be able to continue. After the second data entry was completed successfully, the data entry program placed a mark in the database in order to enable the checking of whether this process had been completed for each and every case.

Data Transfer The data entry program was capable of exporting the data that was entered into one compressed database file which could be easily sent to WHO using email attachments or a file transfer program onto a secure server no matter how many cases were in the file. The sites were allowed the use of as many computers and as many data entry personnel as they wanted. Each computer used for this purpose produced one file and they were merged once they were delivered to WHO with the help of other programs that were built for automating the process. The sites sent the data periodically as they collected it enabling the checking procedures and preliminary analyses in the early stages of the data collection.

Data quality checks Once the data was received it was analyzed for missing information, invalid responses and representativeness. Inconsistencies were also noted and reported back to sites.

Data Cleaning and Feedback After receipt of cleaned data from sites, another program was run to check for missing information, incorrect information (e.g. wrong use of center codes), duplicated data, etc. The output of this program was fed back to sites regularly. Mainly, this consisted of cases with duplicate IDs, duplicate cases (where the data for two respondents with different IDs were identical), wrong country codes, missing age, sex, education and some other important variables.

According to latest figures, the Chinese population decreased by 1.39 million to around 1.408 billion people in 2024. After decades of rapid growth, China arrived at the turning point of its demographic development in 2022, which was earlier than expected. The annual population decrease is estimated to remain at moderate levels until around 2030 but to accelerate thereafter. Population development in China China had for a long time been the country with the largest population worldwide, but according to UN estimates, it has been overtaken by India in 2023. As the population in India is still growing, the country is very likely to remain being home of the largest population on earth in the near future. Due to several mechanisms put into place by the Chinese government as well as changing circumstances in the working and social environment of the Chinese people, population growth has subsided over the past decades, displaying an annual population growth rate of -0.1 percent in 2024. Nevertheless, compared to the world population in total, China held a share of about 17 percent of the overall global population in 2024. China's aging population In terms of demographic developments, the birth control efforts of the Chinese government had considerable effects on the demographic pyramid in China. Upon closer examination of the age distribution, a clear trend of an aging population becomes visible. In order to curb the negative effects of an aging population, the Chinese government abolished the one-child policy in 2015, which had been in effect since 1979, and introduced a three-child policy in May 2021. However, many Chinese parents nowadays are reluctant to have a second or third child, as is the case in most of the developed countries in the world. The number of births in China varied in the years following the abolishment of the one-child policy, but did not increase considerably. Among the reasons most prominent for parents not having more children are the rising living costs and costs for child care, growing work pressure, a growing trend towards self-realization and individualism, and changing social behaviors.

Minecraft has recorded worldwide sales of over 300 million units since its release.

The statistic shows the 30 largest countries in the world by area. Russia is the largest country by far, with a total area of about 17 million square kilometers.

Population of Russia

Despite its large area, Russia - nowadays the largest country in the world - has a relatively small total population. However, its population is still rather large in numbers in comparison to those of other countries. In mid-2014, it was ranked ninth on a list of countries with the largest population, a ranking led by China with a population of over 1.37 billion people. In 2015, the estimated total population of Russia amounted to around 146 million people. The aforementioned low population density in Russia is a result of its vast landmass; in 2014, there were only around 8.78 inhabitants per square kilometer living in the country. Most of the Russian population lives in the nation’s capital and largest city, Moscow: In 2015, over 12 million people lived in the metropolis.

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This data base contains gridded (one degree by one degree) information on the world-wide distribution of the population for 1990 and country-specific information on the percentage of the country's population present in each grid cell (Li, 1996a). Secondly, the data base contains the percentage of a country's total area in a grid cell and the country's percentage of the grid cell that is terrestrial (Li, 1996b). Li (1996b) also developed an indicator signifying how many countries are represented in a grid cell and if a grid cell is part of the sea; this indicator is only relevant for the land, countries, and sea-partitioning information of the grid cell. Thirdly, the data base includes the latitude and longitude coordinates of each grid cell; a grid code number, which is a translation of the latitude/longitude value and is used in the Global Emission Inventory Activity (GEIA) data bases; the country or region's name; and the United Nations three-digit country code that represents that name. For access to the data files, click this link to the CDIAC data transition website: http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/db1016/

As of 2023, the total population of Africa was over 1.48 billion. The number of inhabitants on the continent increased annually from 2000 onwards. In comparison, the total population was around 831 million in 2000. According to forecasts, Africa will experience impressive population growth in the coming years and would nearly reach the Asian population by 2100. Over 200 million people in Nigeria Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. In 2023, the country’s population exceeded 223 million people. Ethiopia followed with a population of around 127 million, while Egypt ranked third, accounting for approximately 113 million individuals. Other leading African countries in terms of population were the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, South Africa, and Kenya. Additionally, Niger, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Chad recorded the highest population growth rate on the continent in 2023, with the number of residents rising by over 3.08 percent compared to the previous year. On the other hand, the populations of Tunisia and Eswatini registered a growth rate below 0.85 percent, while for Mauritius and Seychelles, it was negative. Drivers for population growth Several factors have driven Africa’s population growth. For instance, the annual number of births on the continent has risen constantly over the years, jumping from nearly 32 million in 2000 to almost 46 million in 2023. Moreover, despite the constant decline in the number of births per woman, the continent’s fertility rate has remained considerably above the global average. Each woman in Africa had an average of over four children throughout her reproductive years as of 2021, compared to a world rate of around two births per woman. At the same time, improved health and living conditions contributed to decreasing mortality rate and increasing life expectancy in recent years, driving population growth.